Viktor Polyanichko

Viktor Polyanichko
Viktor Polyanichko
Personal details
Born	Viktor Petrovich Polyanichko; 9 March 1937; Rostov-on-Don, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Died	1 August 1993 (aged 56); Tarskoye, Prigorodny District, North Ossetia–Alania
Nationality	Soviet Union (until 1991); Russian (from 1991);
Political party	Communist Party of the Soviet Union (until 1991);

Viktor Petrovich Polyanichko (Russian: Виктор Петрович Поляничко; 9 March 1937 – 1 August 1993) was a Soviet and Russian diplomat and politician. He was an official who held the rank of Deputy Prime Minister of Russia, a people's deputy of the USSR, a people's deputy of the Azerbaijan SSR, a deputy of the Chelyabinsk Regional Council of Workers' Deputies, and a delegate of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Career

Polyanichko began his political activity as a member of the Komsomol, and professionally worked physically in a machinery factory. From 1959 to 1964, he headed the Komsomol branch in Orsk as the first secretary. In 1965, he worked briefly in the Central Committee of the organization in Moscow, then for six years he headed its structures in Chelyabinsk. In 1972, he joined the city committee of the Communist Party and became its first secretary. From 1972 to 1978, he worked in a similar position in the Orenburg Oblast. From 1978 to 1985, he headed the propaganda section in the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party.^[1]

In 1985, Polyanichko was delegated to Afghanistan and worked for three years as one of the Soviet advisers to the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. In 1988, he was sent to work in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic as deputy first secretary of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan. He held this position for three years. From 1990, he also headed the party committee dealing with the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.^[1] He belonged to a group of Azerbaijani communists advocating a more decisive policy regarding Armenian claims to Nagorno-Karabakh. In 1990, Polyanichko was involved in organizing and later executing a campaign to deport ethnic Armenians from their homeland of Nagorno-Karabakh.^[2]^[3]^[4]

On 26 June 1993, Polyanichko was appointed head of the interim administration of designated areas of the republics of North Ossetia and Ingushetia, with the rank of deputy prime minister of Russia.^[5]

Death

On 1 August 1993, Polyanichko was shot to death in a terrorrist attack in Tarskoye.^[1] The medical examination determined that he died on the spot from 15 gunshot wounds. Along with him, the head of the Vladikavkaz garrison, Major General Anatoly Koretsky, and senior lieutenant of the Alfa special forces unit, Viktor Kravchuk, were also killed. In addition, 4 Russian soldiers were injured during the attack. His death is still unsolved. Polyanichko was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Kwiatkiewicz, P. (2013). Przemiany polityczne w Azerbejdżanie. Od republiki radzieckiej do współczesnego państwa. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek. p. 628. ISBN 9788377805329.
^ Walker, Christopher J., ed. (1991). Armenia and Karabagh: the struggle for unity. Minority Rights Publications. London: Minority Rights Group. ISBN 978-1-873194-00-3. In July 1990 the Second Secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party seriously formulated a plan for deporting all Armenians from Nagorno Karabagh - a grisly echo of the 1915 massacres.
^ Corley, Felix (1993-08-01). "Obituary: Viktor Polyanichko". Independent. His violent death at the hands of one or other ethnic group has brought grim satisfaction especially to the Armenians, who remember with bitterness his brutal deportations of whole Armenian villages in Nagorno-Karabakh in summer 1991….His duty was to suppress the demands of the majority Armenian population...He organised a campaign to deport Armenian villages, using Soviet troops and semi- official Azeri militias. And he devised the notorious 'Operation Ring', begun in April 1991 in the villages of Getashen and Martunashen and continued throughout the summer.
^ Kwiatkiewicz, P. (2013). Przemiany polityczne w Azerbejdżanie. Od republiki radzieckiej do współczesnego państwa. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek. pp. 155–156. ISBN 9788377805329.
^ "Harda Polyaniçko var, orda qan var". Azadlıq radiosu. 20 January 2010. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
^ "Московский некрополь. ПОЛЯНИЧКО Виктор Петрович (1937 – 1993)" (in Russian).

[kw628-1] Kwiatkiewicz, P. (2013). Przemiany polityczne w Azerbejdżanie. Od republiki radzieckiej do współczesnego państwa. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek. p. 628. ISBN 9788377805329.

[2] Walker, Christopher J., ed. (1991). Armenia and Karabagh: the struggle for unity. Minority Rights Publications. London: Minority Rights Group. ISBN 978-1-873194-00-3. In July 1990 the Second Secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party seriously formulated a plan for deporting all Armenians from Nagorno Karabagh - a grisly echo of the 1915 massacres.

[3] Corley, Felix (1993-08-01). "Obituary: Viktor Polyanichko". Independent. His violent death at the hands of one or other ethnic group has brought grim satisfaction especially to the Armenians, who remember with bitterness his brutal deportations of whole Armenian villages in Nagorno-Karabakh in summer 1991….His duty was to suppress the demands of the majority Armenian population...He organised a campaign to deport Armenian villages, using Soviet troops and semi- official Azeri militias. And he devised the notorious 'Operation Ring', begun in April 1991 in the villages of Getashen and Martunashen and continued throughout the summer.

[4] Kwiatkiewicz, P. (2013). Przemiany polityczne w Azerbejdżanie. Od republiki radzieckiej do współczesnego państwa. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek. pp. 155–156. ISBN 9788377805329.

[5] "Harda Polyaniçko var, orda qan var". Azadlıq radiosu. 20 January 2010. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.

[6] "Московский некрополь. ПОЛЯНИЧКО Виктор Петрович (1937 – 1993)" (in Russian).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

v t e Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
Background	Nagorno-Karabakh History Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920) Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia Dissolution of the Soviet Union Karabakh movement Miatsum Armenians in Azerbaijan Armenians in Baku Azerbaijanis in Armenia Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan Armenia–Azerbaijan relations
First war (1988–1994)	Çardaqlı clash Askeran clash Sumgait pogrom Gugark pogrom Zvartnots Airport clash Shusha and Stepanakert pogroms Kirovabad pogrom Il-76 crash near Leninakan (1988) Baku pogrom Bağanis Ayrum 1990 Tbilisi–Agdam bus bombing Operation Ring Voskepar massacre Battle of Togh 1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast Siege of Stepanakert Operation Dashalty 1992 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli Capture of Garadaghly Khojaly massacre Maraga massacre Capture of Shusha Capture of Artsvashen Operation Goranboy Mardakert and Martuni Offensives Operation Həsənqaya Battle of Lachin Operation Qazançı 1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état Battle of Kalbajar Battle of Aghdam 1993 Summer Offensives Operation Geghamasar Operation Horadiz Operation Kalbajar 1994 Baku Metro bombings 1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown 1994 Bagratashen bombing Refugees in Azerbaijan
Interwar clashes	2008 Mardakert clashes January 2009 Agdam military incident September 2009 Agdam military incident 2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes 2010 Mardakert clashes 2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes 2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes 2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown 2016 Odundağ clashes 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 2017 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict Shelling of Alxanlı 2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes 2019 clash near Chinari July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes Incidents Protests in Azerbaijan Reactions
Second war (2020)	Timeline Casualties International reactions Allegations of third-party involvement Madagiz offensive Aras Valley campaign Bombardments (Barda, Ganja, Ghazanchetsots Cathedral, Martuni, Stepanakert, Tartar) Battle of Hadrut Lachin offensive Battle of Shusha Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown War crimes Treatment of Armenian POWs
Post-ceasefire events	Azerbaijan's construction in gained areas 2020–2021 Armenian protests Chaylaggala and Hin Tagher Border crisis September 2022 escalation Susuzluq Shusha Farukh 2022 Armenian protests Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh 2023 Azerbaijani offensive Protests in Armenia Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians Berkadzor fuel depot explosion
Main locations	Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh Stepanakert Askeran Province Hadrut Province Kashatagh Province Martakert Province Martuni Province Shahumyan Province Shushi Province Armenian-occupied territories Aghdam District Fuzuli District Jabrayil District Kalbajar District Lachin District Lachin corridor Qubadli District Zangilan District
Political leaders	Armenia Levon Ter-Petrosyan Robert Kocharyan Serzh Sargsyan Nikol Pashinyan Republic of Artsakh Artur Mkrtchyan Robert Kocharyan Leonard Petrosyan Arkadi Ghukasyan Bako Sahakyan Arayik Harutyunyan Samvel Shahramanyan Azerbaijan Ayaz Mutallibov Abulfaz Elchibey Heydar Aliyev Ilham Aliyev Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh Bayram Safarov Nizami Bahmanov Tural Ganjaliyev Russia Mikhail Gorbachev Boris Yeltsin Vladimir Putin Turkey Turgut Özal Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Military leaders	Armenia Vazgen Sargsyan Gurgen Dalibaltayan Norat Ter-Grigoryants Jirair Sefilian Tiran Khachatryan Seyran Ohanyan Republic of Artsakh Samvel Babayan Kristapor Ivanyan Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan Monte Melkonian Jalal Harutyunyan Mikael Arzumanyan Azerbaijan Isgandar Hamidov Rahim Gaziyev Surat Huseynov Valeh Barshadly Mais Barkhudarov Hikmat Mirzayev Hikmat Hasanov Russia Viktor Polyanichko Pavel Grachev Rustam Muradov Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Shamil Basayev Afghanistan Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
Peace process	Baker rules Bishkek Protocol Tehran Communiqué Zheleznovodsk Communiqué OSCE Minsk Group Prague Process Madrid Principles 2020 ceasefire agreement 2020–2024 monitoring and peacekeeping Russia OSCE EU EUMCAP Oct–Dec 2022 EUPAT Dec 2022–Jan 2023 EUMA Feb 2023–present 2023 ceasefire agreement
International documents	Astrakhan Declaration Nagorno-Karabakh Declaration NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration OIC Resolution 10/11 OIC Resolution 10/37 PACE Resolution 1416 PACE Resolution 2085 UNGA Resolution 48/114 UNGA Resolution 60/285 UNGA Resolution 62/243 UNSC resolutions 822 853 874 884