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{{character info}}
{{character info}}
==Translingual==
==Translingual==
{{stroke order|strokes=5}}
{{stroke order|strokes=5|type=jbw}}
{{stroke order|type=jbw}}
{{stroke order|strokes=5|type=tbw}}
{{stroke order|type=alternative}}
<div style="float:right;">{{stroke order|type=janimate}}</div>
<div style="float:right;">{{stroke order|type=tanimate}}</div>
<div style="float:right;">{{stroke order|type=canimate}}</div>


===Han character===
===Han character===
Line 9: Line 13:


====Derived characters====
====Derived characters====
* [[宓]] [[祕]] [[秘]] [[泌]] [[覕]] [[苾]] [[佖]] [[𠛡]] [[𠨘]] [[𢗺]] [[𨸼]] [[㘠]] [[㧙]] [[咇]] [[妼]] [[怭]] [[泌]] [[邲]] [[𠰣]] [[𡊭]] [[𡶇]] [[𢁽]] [[𨒜]] [[𪣊]] [[鉍]]([[铋]]) [[𫗣]]
* {{l|mul|[[佖]] [[咇]] [[𪣊]] [[妼]] [[𢁽]] [[怭]] [[㧙]] [[泌]] [[𨸼]] [[柲]] [[珌]] [[䏟]] [[祕]] [[䀣]] [[𥑖]] [[秘]] [[袐]] [[䎵]] [[䖩]] [[䛑]] [[䟤]] [[鉍]] ([[铋]]) [[䩛]] [[䪐]] [[飶]] ([[𫗣]]) [[馝]] [[駜]] [[𩨲]] [[𪬤]] [[𰀜]] [[鮅]] ([[𫚑]])}}
* {{l|mul|[[𢖮]] [[𨒜]] [[𣭈]] [[䫾]] ([[𫠈]]) [[𠛡]] [[𠨘]] [[邲]] [[覕]] [[鴓]] [[宓]] [[苾]] [[毖]] [[瑟]] [[𫵘]] [[𤵘]] [[虙]] [[𠚊]] [[𠰣]] [[𡊭]] [[𡶇]] [[𢗺]] [[𤽣]] [[𥁑]] [[閟]] ([[𮤲]]) [[㘠]] [[𱈶]]}}


====References====
====References====
* {{Han ref|kx=0375.020|dkj=10299|dj=0701.040|hdz=42267.020|uh=5FC5|ud=24517|bh=A5B2|bd=42418}}
* {{Han ref|kx=0375.020|dkj=10299|dj=0701.040|hdz=42267.020|uh=5FC5|ud=24517|bh=A5B2|bd=42418}}

----


==Chinese==
==Chinese==
Line 26: Line 29:


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
Etymology not clear ({{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}}).
{{unk|zh|Unclear}} ({{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}}).


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
{{zh-pron
{{zh-pron
|m=bì
|m=bì
|m-s=
|m-s=bi2
|c=bit1
|c=bit1
|c-t=
|c-t=
|g=
|g=bit6
|h=pfs=pit
|h=pfs=pit;gd=bid5
|j=
|j=bieh4
|mb=bĭ
|mb=bĭ
|md=bék
|md=bék
|mn=pit
|mn=pit
|mn-t=big4
|mn-t=big4/bêg4
|mn-t_note=bêg4 - Jieyang
|w=4piq
|w=sh:7piq
|x=
|x=bi6
|mc=y
|mc=y
|oc=y
|oc=y
Line 50: Line 54:


===Definitions===
===Definitions===
{{zh-hanzi}}
{{head|zh|hanzi}}


# [[surely]]; [[most]] [[certainly]]; [[always]]; [[invariably]]
# [[surely]]; [[most]] [[certainly]]; [[always]]; [[invariably]]
Line 56: Line 60:
# [[must]]; [[have to]]; [[shall]]
# [[must]]; [[have to]]; [[shall]]
#* {{zh-x|王 曰：「雖然，必 告 不穀。」|"Nevertheless, you '''have to''' tell me," said the king.|ref=Zuozhuan}}
#* {{zh-x|王 曰：「雖然，必 告 不穀。」|"Nevertheless, you '''have to''' tell me," said the king.|ref=Zuozhuan}}
#* {{zh-x|耶和華 神 對 蛇 說，你 既 作 了 這 事，就 必 受 咒詛，比 一切 的 牲畜{chù} 野獸 更 甚。你 必 用 肚子{zi} 行走，終身 吃 土。|And the LORD God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed ''['''must''' receive a curse]'' above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly '''shalt''' thou go [you '''must''' use your belly to go], and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life.}}
#* {{zh-q|耶和華 神 對 蛇 說，你 既 作 了 這 事，就 必 受 咒詛，比 一切 的 牲畜{chù} 野獸 更 甚。你 必 用 肚子{zi} 行走，終身 吃 土。|And the LORD God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed ''['''must''' receive a curse]'' above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly '''shalt''' thou go [you '''must''' use your belly to go], and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life.}}
# {{lb|zh|literary}} {{n-g|conjunction indicating the condition of a [[concession]] or [[exception]], especially a [[hypothetical]] or [[implied]] one}}
# {{lb|zh|literary}} {{n-g|conjunction indicating the condition of a [[concession]] or [[exception]], especially a [[hypothetical]] or [[implied]] one}}
#* {{zh-x|子曰：「君子 無 所 爭，必 也 射 乎！揖讓 而 升，下 而 飲{yìn}，其 爭 也 君子。」|The Master said, "The student of virtue has no contentions. '''If it be said he cannot avoid them''', shall this be in archery? But he bows complaisantly to his competitors; thus he ascends the hall, descends, and exacts the forfeit of drinking. In his contention, he is still the ''Junzi''."|ref=Analects}}
#* {{zh-x|子曰：「君子 無 所 爭，必 也 射 乎！揖讓 而 升，下 而 飲{yìn}，其 爭 也 君子。」|The Master said, "The student of virtue has no contentions. '''If it be said he cannot avoid them''', shall this be in archery? But he bows complaisantly to his competitors; thus he ascends the hall, descends, and exacts the forfeit of drinking. In his contention, he is still the ''Junzi''."|ref=Analects}}
#* {{zh-x|必 不得已 而 去，於 斯 三-者 何 先？|'''If''' it cannot be helped, and one of these must be dispensed with, which of the three should be foregone first?|ref=Analects}}
#* {{zh-x|必 不得已 而 去，於 斯 三-者 何 先？|'''If''' it cannot be helped, and one of these must be dispensed with, which of the three should be foregone first?|ref=Analects}}
# {{lb|zh|Min Nan}} {{lb|zh|of skin}} to [[chap]]
# {{lb|zh|Hakka|Southern Min}} to [[crack]]
# {{lb|zh|Min Nan}} to [[crack]]
# {{lb|zh|Southern Min}} to [[chap]] {{gl|of skin}}
# {{lb|zh|Teochew}} [[crowded]]; [[packed]]; [[congested]]


====Compounds====
====Compounds====
{{zh-der|必須|勢所必然|事在必行|必必剝剝|必備|必定|安必思危|必剝|必要條件|信賞必罰|志在必得|剝極必復|勢必|何必|不必|務必|必需品|忘戰必危|必要|必若|必爭之地|必然|必得|必律律|必修科|必修|令出必行|必經之路|哀兵必勝|必不得已|勢在必行|必需|分秒必爭|想必|大可不必|事必躬親|否極必泰|物極必反|早名必折|盛筵必散|直木必伐|知過必改|盛極必衰|盈則必虧|是必|甘泉必竭|理所必然|有求必應|操刀必割|日中必彗|末大必折|盛必慮衰|未必|未必盡然|每戰必勝|睚眥必報|言必有中|言出必行|遊必有方|諒必|驕者必敗|驕兵必敗|蘇必略湖|飛必沖天|錙銖必較|過盛必衰|若必|阿必尚|言多必失|言必有據|有其父必有其子|多行不義必自斃|積善之家，必有餘慶}}
{{col3|zh|必須|勢所必然|事在必行|必必剝剝|必備|必定|安必思危|必剝|必要條件|信賞必罰|志在必得|剝極必復|勢必|何必|不必|務必|必需品|忘戰必危|必要|必若|必爭之地|必然|必得|必律律|必修科|必修|令出必行|必經之路|哀兵必勝|必不得已|勢在必行|必需|分秒必爭|想必|大可不必|事必躬親|否極必泰|物極必反|早名必折|盛筵必散|直木必伐|知過必改|盛極必衰|盈則必虧|是必|甘泉必竭|理所必然|有求必應|操刀必割|日中必彗|末大必折|盛必慮衰|未必|未必盡然|每戰必勝|睚眥必報|言必有中|言出必行|遊必有方|諒必|驕者必敗|驕兵必敗|蘇必略湖|飛必沖天|錙銖必較|過盛必衰|若必|阿必尚|言多必失|言必有據|有其父必有其子|多行不義必自斃|積善之家，必有餘慶}}


===Descendants===
===Descendants===
{{CJKV||ひつ|필|tất}}
{{CJKV||ひつ|필|tất}}


{{zh-cat|Intermediate}}
{{cat|cmn|Intermediate Mandarin}}

----


==Japanese==
==Japanese==
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* {{ja-r|必携|ひっけい|handbook, manual}}
* {{ja-r|必携|ひっけい|handbook, manual}}
* {{ja-r|必死|ひっし|frantic, desperate}}
* {{ja-r|必死|ひっし|frantic, desperate}}
* {{ja-r|必需|ひつしゅ|necessary}}
* {{ja-r|必%需|ひつ%じゅ|necessary}}
* {{ja-r|必%需品|ひつ%しゅひん|necessities}}
* {{ja-r|必%需品|ひつ%しゅひん|necessities}}
{{mid3}}
* {{ja-r|必殺|ひっさつ|definite kill}}
* {{ja-r|必殺|ひっさつ|definite kill}}
* {{ja-r|必修|ひっしゅう|required (subject)}}
* {{ja-r|必修|ひっしゅう|required (subject)}}
Line 104: Line 106:
* {{ja-r|必%然|ひつ%ぜん|inevitable, necessary}}
* {{ja-r|必%然|ひつ%ぜん|inevitable, necessary}}
* {{ja-r|必%然%的|ひつ%ぜん%てき|inevitable, necessary}}
* {{ja-r|必%然%的|ひつ%ぜん%てき|inevitable, necessary}}
{{mid3}}
* {{ja-r|必%着|ひっ%ちゃく|must arrive}}
* {{ja-r|必%着|ひっ%ちゃく|must arrive}}
* {{ja-r|必%読|ひつ%とく|should be read by all}}
* {{ja-r|必%読|ひつ%とく|should be read by all}}
Line 114: Line 115:
* {{ja-r|必見|ひっけん|a must-see}}
* {{ja-r|必見|ひっけん|a must-see}}
{{bottom}}
{{bottom}}

----


==Korean==
==Korean==
Line 172: Line 171:
===References===
===References===
* {{R:hanjadoc|3315}}
* {{R:hanjadoc|3315}}

----


==Vietnamese==
==Vietnamese==

Latest revision as of 22:00, 1 October 2024

See also: 心
必 U+5FC5, &#24517;
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FC5
← 忄
[U+5FC4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 忆 →
[U+5FC6]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order (Japan)
5 strokes
Stroke order (Taiwan)
5 strokes
Stroke order
(alternative)
Stroke order
(Japan)
Stroke order
(Taiwan)
Stroke order
(Chinese)

Han character

[edit]

必 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 心竹 (PH), four-corner 33000, composition ⿻心丿)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 375, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10299
  • Dae Jaweon: page 701, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2267, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5FC5

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 必

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 必
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (必) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
泌 *mpriɡs, *priɡ, *bliɡ
秘 *mpriɡs
毖 *priɡs
閟 *priɡs
柲 *priɡs, *bliːɡ, *priɡ, *bliɡ
鉍 *priɡs, *priɡ
邲 *priɡs, *bliɡ, *briɡ
覕 *pliŋs, *mbliːɡ
咇 *bliːɡ, *priɡ, *bliɡ
苾 *bliːɡ, *bliɡ
馝 *bliːɡ, *bliɡ
飶 *bliːɡ, *bliɡ
鴓 *mbliːɡ
鮅 *pliɡ, *bliɡ
必 *pliɡ
珌 *pliɡ
佖 *bliɡ, *briɡ
駜 *bliɡ, *briɡ
怭 *bliɡ
妼 *bliɡ
宓 *mriɡ, *mliɡ
樒 *mriɡ
密 *mriɡ
蔤 *mriɡ
滵 *mriɡ
蜜 *mliɡ
謐 *mliɡ
榓 *mliɡ
淧 *mliɡ
瑟 *smriɡ, *smriɡ
璱 *sriɡ
飋 *sriɡ
虙 *blɯɡ

Likely a pictogram (象形) – weapon handle made of bamboo strips; the original character for 柲 (OC *priɡs, *bliːɡ, *priɡ, *bliɡ). The character was phonetically borrowed for the senses of "certainly" and "must".

Unrelated to 心, as bronze script makes clear, but in current form very similar.

Etymology

[edit]

Unclear (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note: bêg4 - Jieyang.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 必
Mandarin Beijing /pi⁵¹/
Harbin /pi⁵³/
Tianjin /pi⁴⁵/
Jinan /pi⁵⁵/
Qingdao /pi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /pi⁴²/
Xi'an /pi²¹/
Xining /pji⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /pi¹³/
Lanzhou /pi¹³/
Ürümqi /pi²¹³/
Wuhan /pi²¹³/
Chengdu /pi³¹/
Guiyang /pi²¹/
Kunming /pi³¹/
Nanjing /piʔ⁵/
Hefei /piəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /piəʔ²/
Pingyao /piʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /piəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /piɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /piəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /piəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /pi²¹³/
Hui Shexian /piʔ²¹/
Tunxi /pi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /pi²⁴/
Xiangtan /pi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /piʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /pit̚¹/
Taoyuan /pit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pit̚⁵/
Nanning /pit̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /pit̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /pit̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /pɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pi²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /pik̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔbit̚⁵/
Rime
Character 必
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 質 (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 卑吉切
Baxter pjit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/piɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pit̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pit̚/
Li
Rong 		/piĕt̚/
Wang
Li 		/pĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bat1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 必
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjit ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pi[t]/
English necessarily

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 必
Reading # 1/1
No. 568
Phonetic
component 		必
Rime
group 		質
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		必
Old
Chinese 		/*pliɡ/

Definitions

[edit]

必

  1. surely; most certainly; always; invariably
  2. must; have to; shall
  3. (literary) conjunction indicating the condition of a concession or exception, especially a hypothetical or implied one
  4. (Hakka, Southern Min) to crack
  5. (Southern Min) to chap (of skin)
  6. (Teochew) crowded; packed; congested

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (必):
  • → Japanese: 必(ひつ) (hitsu)
  • → Korean: 필(必) (pil)
  • → Vietnamese: tất (必)

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
必

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. inevitably, certainly

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 必 (MC pjit).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

必 (eumhun 반드시 필 (bandeusi pil))

  1. hanja form? of 필 (“surely; certainly; without fail”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

必: Hán Nôm readings: tất, ắt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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