糾: difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Latest revision as of 01:11, 18 November 2024

See also: 糺 and 纠

糾	U+7CFE, 糾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CFE

← 糽
[U+7CFD]

CJK Unified Ideographs

糿 →
[U+7CFF]

Translingual

Han character

糾 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+2 in Chinese, 糸+3 in Japanese, 8 strokes in Chinese, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 女火女中 (VFVL), four-corner 2290₀, composition ⿰糹丩)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 915, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27227
Dae Jaweon: page 1342, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3362, character 2
Unihan data for U+7CFE

Chinese

trad.		糾
simp.		纠
alternative forms		丩𠃏𠃖𠃚糺／纠丩𠃏𠃖𠃚糺／纠𥾆紏𠛩𠞎𠜉𠝙𢒥

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 糾
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (丩) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
艽	krɯːw, qʰrɯːw, ɡu, ɡʷrɯw
芁	*kriːw
荍	*ɡiw
叫	*kiːws
訆	*kiːws
嘂	*kiːws
收	qʰljɯw, qʰljɯws
糾	kɯw, krɯwʔ
朻	kɯw, krɯw, *krɯwʔ
丩	kɯw, krɯw
赳	krɯw, krɯwʔ
虬	*ɡrɯw
虯	*ɡrɯw
觓	*ɡrɯw

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯw, *krɯwʔ) : phonetic 丩 (OC *kɯw, *krɯw, “to entangle”) + semantic 糹 (“silk”). Originally written 丩.

Etymology

Compare possibly Burmese ကျိုး (kyui:, “result, effect, advantage”) (Luce, 1981).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiū, jiǔ (jiu¹, jiu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡ, ㄐㄧㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gau² / dau²
Eastern Min (BUC): giēu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiù

(Teochew, Peng'im): giu⁶
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹ciau / ¹cieu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiū
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiou
  - Wade–Giles: chiu¹
  - Yale: jyōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiou
  - Palladius: цзю (czju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiǒu
  - Wade–Giles: chiu³
  - Yale: jyǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeou
  - Palladius: цзю (czju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gau² / dau²
  - Yale: gáu / dáu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gau² / dau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: geo² / deo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³⁵/, /tɐu̯³⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: giēu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kieu³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiù
  - Tâi-lô: kiù
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiux
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiu²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiu²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiu¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiu²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: giu⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiu³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹ciau
  - MiniDict: ciau^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jiau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɔ⁵³/
- (Northern: Suzhou, Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹cieu
  - MiniDict: cieu^平
  - MiniDict: ciu^平
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕʏ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕiø³³⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 糾
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕiou⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕiou⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕiou²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiou²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiou²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕiou²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiou²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiɯ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕiəu⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiou⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕiɤu⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕiəu⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕiəu⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕiəu⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiəu⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕiəɯ³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiɯ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕiəu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕiəu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕiɤ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕiɤ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕiø³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕau³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕiu³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕiu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕiəu³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕiəɯ³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕiu⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/keu⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kiu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tɐu³⁵/
	Nanning	/tɐu³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kɐu³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kiu²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kieu³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kiu²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kiu⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kiu²¹³/

Middle Chinese: kjiwX

Rime
Character	糾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	幽 (138)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居黝切
Baxter	kjiwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiɪu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kieu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjiw^X/
Li Rong	/kiĕu^X/
Wang Li	/kiəu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kieu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k<r>iwʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kɯw/, /*krɯwʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	糾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiū
Middle Chinese	‹ kjiw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*k<r>iwʔ/
English	plait, unite
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	糾	糾
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6923	6929
Phonetic component	丩	丩
Rime group	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	鳩	糾
Old Chinese	/*kɯw/	/*krɯwʔ/
Notes	丩今分化字

Definitions

糾

to investigate; to inspect
to correct
to entwine; to wind
to gather; to amass; to assemble
to inform against; to inform on
(Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to contract; to shrink; to tense; to taut (of muscles, etc.)
(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, specifically) to shrink due to absorbing water (of cloth, etc.)
(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, specifically) to become skinny, contracted, or disappear (caused by some reason)

Synonyms

(to contract, to shrink due to absorbing water, to become skinny): (Hokkien) 勼 (jiū)

Compounds

References

“糾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“Query for 糾”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

糾

(Jōyō kanji)

twist, ask, investigate, verify

Readings

Go-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}
Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}
Kun: あざなう (azanau, 糾う)、ただす (tadasu, 糾す)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 糾 (MC kjiwX).

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

糾

Wikisource

糾 (eumhun 꼴 규 (kkol gyu))

hanja form^? of 규 (“twist, writhe”)
hanja form^? of 규 (“investigate, inspect”)

Compounds

규명 (糾明, gyumyeong, “investigation”)
규문 (糾問, gyumun, “arraignment”)
규탄 (糾彈, gyutan, “denunciation”)
규합 (糾合, gyuhap, “rally, gathering”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Chữ Hán

糾: Hán Nôm readings: củ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{also|糺|纠}}
-{{character info/new}}
+{{character info}}
 ==Translingual==
@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ====References====
 {{Han ref|kx=0915.080|dkj=27227|dj=1342.060|hdz=53362.020|uh=7CFE}}
-----
 ==Chinese==
-{{zh-forms|s=纠|alt=紏,糺,𠃏}}
+{{zh-forms|s=纠|alt=丩,𠃏,𠃖,𠃚,糺,𥾆,紏,𠛩,𠞎,𠜉,𠝙,𢒥}}
 ===Glyph origin===
 {{Han etym}}
+{{liushu|ic}} and {{Han compound|丩|糸|c1=p|c2=s|t1=to entangle|t2=silk|alt2=糹|ls=psc|nocap=y}}. Originally written {{zh-l|*丩}}.
+===Etymology===
+Compare possibly {{cog|my|ကျိုး|t=result, effect, advantage}} ({{zh-ref|Luce, 1981}}).
 ===Pronunciation===
 {{zh-pron
+|m=jiū,jiǔ,1nb=standard in Mainland and Taiwan,2nb=variant in Taiwan
-|m=jiū
 |m-s=
 |c=gau2,dau2
@@ Line 27: / Line 29: @@
 |j=
 |mb=
-|md=
+|md=giēu
 |mn=kiù
 |mn-t=giu6
+|w=sh:1ciau;sz,hz:1cieu
-|w=
 |x=
 |mc=y
@@ Line 38: / Line 40: @@
 ===Definitions===
-{{zh-hanzi}}
+{{head|zh|hanzi}}
-# to [[investigate]]; to [[inspect]]; to [[correct]]
+# to [[investigate]]; to [[inspect]]
+# to [[correct]]
+# to [[entwine]]; to [[wind]]
+# to [[gather]]; to [[amass]]; to [[assemble]]
+# to [[inform]] against; to inform on
+# {{lb|zh|Xiamen Hokkien|Zhangzhou Hokkien|&|Taiwanese Hokkien}} to [[contract]]; to [[shrink]]; to [[tense]]; to [[taut]] {{gl|of muscles, etc.}}
+# {{lb|zh|Xiamen Hokkien|&|Zhangzhou Hokkien|specifically}} to [[shrink]] due to [[absorb]]ing [[water]] {{gl|of cloth, etc.}}
+# {{lb|zh|Xiamen Hokkien|&|Zhangzhou Hokkien|specifically}} to [[become]] [[skinny]], [[contracted]], or [[disappear]] {{gl|caused by some reason}}
+====Synonyms====
+* {{s|to contract, to shrink due to absorbing water, to become skinny}} {{q|Hokkien}} {{zh-l|勼}}
 ===Compounds===
-{{zh-der|勞資糾紛|桃色糾紛|猛糾|矜糾收繚|糾合|糾察|糾察隊|糾彈|糾正|糾正權|糾眾|糾糾|糾紛|糾結|糾繆繩違|糾繩|糾纏|糾纏不清|糾舉|糾舉權|糾葛|糾集|繚糾|繩愆糾謬|雄糾糾|黝糾}}
+{{col3|zh|勞資糾紛|桃色糾紛|猛糾|矜糾收繚|糾合|糾察|糾察隊|糾彈|糾正|糾正權|糾眾|糾糾|糾紛|糾結|糾繆繩違|糾繩|糾纏|糾纏不清|糾舉|糾舉權|糾葛|糾集|繚糾|繩愆糾謬|雄糾糾|黝糾|糾蓼|糾水|糾腸|糾腸糾肚|糾筋|糾心|糾布|糾紗|糾紙|糾帶|糾簡|糾絞}}
 ===References===
 * {{R:yue:Hanzi}}
 * {{R:nan:thcwdq}}
-----
 ==Japanese==
@@ Line 65: / Line 75: @@
 |nanori=
 }}
-----
 ==Korean==
+===Etymology===
+From {{der|ko|ltc|-}} {{ltc-l|糾|id=1}}.
 ===Hanja===
+{{ko-hanja-search}}
-{{ko-hanja|hangeul=[[규]], [[교]]|eumhun=|rv=gyu, gyo|mr=kyu, kyo|y=kyu, kyo}}
+{{ko-hanja|꼬다|꼴|규}}
+# {{hanja form of|규|[[twist]], [[writhe]]}}
-# {{defn|lang=ko|sort=糸02}}
+# {{hanja form of|규|[[investigate]], [[inspect]]}}
+====Compounds====
-----
+{{der-top|Compounds}}
+* {{ko-l|규명|[[investigation]]|糾明}}
+* {{ko-l|규문|[[arraignment]]|糾問}}
+* {{ko-l|규탄|[[denunciation]]|糾彈}}
+* {{ko-l|규합|[[rally]], [[gather]]ing|糾合}}
+{{der-bottom}}
+===References===
+* {{R:hanjadoc|9107}}
 ==Vietnamese==
-===Han character===
+===Chữ Hán===
 {{vi-readings|rs=糸02|reading=củ}}
-# {{defn|lang=vi|sort=糸02}}
+# {{rfdef|vi|sort=糸02}}
 ====References====

糾: difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 01:11, 18 November 2024

Contents