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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{m|da|gmq-oda|-ilse}}, later {{m|da|-ælsæ}}, from {{der|da|osx|-isli}}, {{m|osx|-islo}}. Also used to represent the {{der|da|gml|-}} suffix {{m|gml|-nisse}}.
From {{m|da|gmq-oda|-ilse}}, later {{m|da|-ælsæ}}, from {{der|da|osx|-isli}}, {{m|osx|-islo}}, from {{der|da|gmw-pro|*-islī}}. Also used to represent the {{der|da|gml|-}} suffix {{m|gml|-nisse}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|/-əlsə/|[-əlsə]|lang=da}}
* {{IPA|da|/-əlsə/|[-əlsə]}}


===Suffix===
===Suffix===
{{head|da|suffix|g=c|singular definite|-elsen|plural indefinite|-elser|plural definite|-elserne}}
{{head|da|suffix|g=c|singular definite|-elsen|plural indefinite|-elser|plural definite|-elserne}}


# added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process
# {{ng|Added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process.}}
#: {{suffixusex|da|afbryde|afbrydelse|t1=interrupt|t2=interruption}}
# the result of, or something related to, such an action or process
# {{ng|The result of, or something related to, such an action or process}}


====Synonyms====
====Synonyms====
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{{suffixsee|da}}
{{suffixsee|da}}


====Descendants====
----
* {{desc|nb|-else}}


==Low German==
==Low German==


====Alternative forms====
===Alternative forms===
* {{l|nds|-els}}
* {{l|nds|-els}}
* {{l|nds|-elsch}}
* {{l|nds|-elsch}}
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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|nds|gml|-else}}, from {{der|nds|osx|-isli}}, {{m|osx|-islo}}; from {{der|nds|gem-pro|*-isliją}}. Cognate with {{cog|nl|-sel}}, {{cog|sv|-else}}, {{cog|ang|-else}}.
From {{inh|nds|gml|-else}}, from {{der|nds|osx|-isli}}, {{m|osx|-islo}}; from {{der|nds|gmw-pro|*-islī}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|/əlsə/|[(ə)lzə]|lang=nds}}
* {{IPA|nds|/əlsə/|[(ə)lzə]}}


===Suffix===
===Suffix===
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#: {{m|nds|Radelse||riddle}}: that which is guessed — from {{m|nds|raden||to guess}}; compare German {{m|de|Rätsel}}, Dutch {{m|nl|raadsel}}, Old English {{m|ang|rǣdelse}}
#: {{m|nds|Radelse||riddle}}: that which is guessed — from {{m|nds|raden||to guess}}; compare German {{m|de|Rätsel}}, Dutch {{m|nl|raadsel}}, Old English {{m|ang|rǣdelse}}
#: {{m|nds|Riemelse||rhyme}}: that which is rhymed — from {{m|nds|riemen||to rhyme}}
#: {{m|nds|Riemelse||rhyme}}: that which is rhymed — from {{m|nds|riemen||to rhyme}}

----


==Middle Low German==
==Middle Low German==
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===Alternative forms===
===Alternative forms===
* {{l|gml|-sel}}
* {{l|gml|-sel}}

⚫
===Pronunciation===
⚫
* {{IPA|lang=gml|/əlzə/}}


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|gml|osx|-isli}}, from {{inh|gml|gem-pro|*-isliją}}.
From {{inh|gml|osx|-isli}}, from {{inh|gml|gmw-pro|*-islī}}.

⚫
===Pronunciation===
⚫
* {{IPA|gml|/əlzə/}}


===Suffix===
===Suffix===
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# Creating a noun from a verb, denoting an object which is used to perform the verb.
# Creating a noun from a verb, denoting an object which is used to perform the verb.
#: {{ux|gml|ên deckelse|a cover, a roof, a wrapping; literally 'that which is used to cover'}}
#: {{ux|gml|ên deckelse|a cover, a roof, a wrapping; literally 'that which is used to cover'}}

----


==Norwegian Bokmål==
==Norwegian Bokmål==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{der|nb|osx|-isli}}, {{m|osx|-islo}}. Also used to represent the {{der|nb|gml|-}} suffix {{m|gml|-nisse}}.
Mostly from {{der|nb|da|-else}}, from {{der|nb|gmq-oda|-ælsæ}} {{m|gmq-oda|-ilse}}, with metathesis of -sl- to -ls- from {{der|nb|osx|-isli}}, {{m|osx|-islo}}.

Also from {{bor|nb|gmw|-}} loanwords, partly with metathesis of suffixes -sel and -sle from {{der|nb|gml|-nisse}}, from {{der|nb|osx|-nissi}}, from {{der|nb|gmw-pro|*-nassī|pos=forms abstract nouns}}, from {{m|gmw-pro|*-nass}}, from {{der|nb|gem-pro|*-inassuz}} + {{m|gmw-pro|*-ī}}, from {{der|nb|gem-pro|*-į̄}}, from {{der|nb|ine-pro|*-ih₂|*-i-h₂}}, from {{m|ine-pro|*-h₂|pos=creates collective nouns}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nb|/ˌɛlsə/|/ˌəlsə/}}
* {{audio|nb|nb--else.ogg}}
* {{rhymes|nb|ɛlsə|əlsə}}
* {{hyph|nb|-el|se}}
* {{homophones|nb|Else|-elset}}


===Suffix===
===Suffix===
{{head|nb|suffix|g=m|g2=n}} ''(definite singular neuter {{m|nb|-elset}}, definite singular masculine {{m|nb|-elsen}}, indefinite plural {{m|nb|-elser}}, definite plural {{m|nb|-elsene}} or {{m|nb|-elsa}})''
{{head|nb|suffix}}


# added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process
# {{senseid|nb|noun}} {{n-g|Used to form [[verbal noun]]s denoting an action.}}
#: {{ux|nb|avgjør'''else''', forstå'''else''', anfekt'''else''', bebud'''else''', oppstand'''else'''|decision, understanding, challenge, proclamation, resurrection|inline=1}}
# the result of, or something related to, such an action or process
# {{senseid|nb|noun}} {{n-g|Used to form [[verbal noun]]s synonymous with the {{l|nb|-ing}} ending.}}
#: {{ux|nb|drøft'''else''', oversett'''else''', tilrettelegg'''else''', utdann'''else'''|discussion, translation, facilitation, education|inline=1}}
# {{senseid|nb|noun}} {{n-g|Used to form [[verbal noun]]s denoting a different meaning than the {{l|nb|-ing}} ending.}}
#: {{ux|nb|forbind'''else''', lign'''else'''|connection, parable|inline=1}}
# {{senseid|nb|noun}} {{n-g|Used to form [[verbal noun]]s with a specific meaning, usually the result of an action}}
#: {{ux|nb|skriv'''else''', spøk'''else''', stiv'''else'''|writing, ghost, starch|inline=1}}


====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|nb}}
{{suffixsee|nb}}

====See also====
* {{l|nb|-ing}}, {{l|nb|-ning||forms nouns}}


===References===
===References===
* {{R:The Bokmål Dictionary}}
* {{R:The Bokmål Dictionary}}
* {{R:NAOB}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|nb|esel|esle|lees|lese|sele}}


{{cln|nb|noun-forming suffixes}}
----


==Old English==
==Old English==


===Alternative forms===
===Alternative forms===
* {{l|ang|-elle}}
* {{alter|ang|-elle}}


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
A metathetic form of {{der|ang|gmw-pro|*-islī}}.
A metathetic form of {{der|ang|gem-pro|*-isliją}}, from Proto-Germanic {{m|gem-pro|*-is-}}, a noun particle + Proto-Germanic {{m|gem-pro|*-lij-}}, a verbal particle. More at {{m|ang|-sian}}, {{m|ang|-lian}}


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|/elze/|lang=ang}}
* {{ang-IPA|-else}}


===Suffix===
===Suffix===
{{head|ang|suffix|g=f}}
{{head|ang|suffix|g=f|head=-else}}


# {{lb|ang|feminine suffix for inanimate objects}} suffix creating nouns from verbs
# {{lb|ang|feminine suffix for inanimate objects}} {{n-g|suffix creating nouns from verbs}}
#: {{m|ang|rǣdelse||counsel, advise, riddle, enigma}}
#: {{uxi|ang|[[rǣdelse]]|counsel, advice, riddle, enigma}}
#: {{m|ang|myrrelse}}, {{m|ang|mierrelse||an offense, scandal; stumblingblock}}
#: {{uxi|ang|[[myrrelse]], [[mierrelse]]|an offense, scandal; stumblingblock}}


====Declension====
====Declension====
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* {{l|ang|-els}}
* {{l|ang|-els}}


====Descendants====
====Derived terms====
* {{suffixsee|ang}}
* English [[-le]]


====Descendants====
----
* {{desc|en|-le}}


==Swedish==
==Swedish==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{der|sv|osx|-isli}}, {{m|osx|-islo}}. Also used to represent the {{der|sv|gml|-}} suffix {{m|gml|-nisse}}.
From {{der|sv|osx|-isli}}, {{m|osx|-islo}}, from {{der|sv|gmw-pro|*-islī}}. Also used to represent the {{der|sv|gml|-}} suffix {{m|gml|-nisse}}.


===Suffix===
===Suffix===
{{head|sv|suffix}}
{{head|sv|suffix|g=c}}


# creating nouns from verbs
# {{n-g|suffix creating nouns from verbs}}


====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====

Latest revision as of 06:56, 5 October 2024

See also: else and Else

Danish

[edit]

Etymology

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From -ilse, later -ælsæ, from Old Saxon -isli, -islo, from Proto-West Germanic *-islī. Also used to represent the Middle Low German suffix -nisse.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /-əlsə/, [-əlsə]

Suffix

[edit]

-else c (singular definite -elsen, plural indefinite -elser, plural definite -elserne)

  1. Added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process.
    ‎afbryde (“interrupt”) + ‎-else → ‎afbrydelse (“interruption”)
  2. The result of, or something related to, such an action or process

Synonyms

[edit]

Derived terms

[edit]
Danish terms suffixed with -else

Descendants

[edit]
  • Norwegian Bokmål: -else

Low German

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Low German -else, from Old Saxon -isli, -islo; from Proto-West Germanic *-islī.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /əlsə/, [(ə)lzə]

Suffix

[edit]

-else n

  1. Creating, from a verb, a noun which is created by the action of this verb (not necessarily one with which the verb is supposed to be done).
    Backelse (“pastry”): that which is baked (in a wider sense anything baked like bread and cakes) — from backen (“to bake”)
    Radelse (“riddle”): that which is guessed — from raden (“to guess”); compare German Rätsel, Dutch raadsel, Old English rǣdelse
    Riemelse (“rhyme”): that which is rhymed — from riemen (“to rhyme”)

Middle Low German

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Old Saxon -isli, from Proto-West Germanic *-islī.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-else

  1. Creating a noun from a verb, denoting something on which the verb is performed.
    ên backelse
    a baked good; literally 'that which is created by baking'
  2. Creating a noun from a verb, denoting an object which is used to perform the verb.
    ên deckelse
    a cover, a roof, a wrapping; literally 'that which is used to cover'

Norwegian Bokmål

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Mostly from Danish -else, from Old Danish -ælsæ -ilse, with metathesis of -sl- to -ls- from Old Saxon -isli, -islo.

Also from West Germanic loanwords, partly with metathesis of suffixes -sel and -sle from Middle Low German -nisse, from Old Saxon -nissi, from Proto-West Germanic *-nassī (forms abstract nouns), from *-nass, from Proto-Germanic *-inassuz + *-ī, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄, from Proto-Indo-European *-i-h₂, from *-h₂ (creates collective nouns).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-else m or n (definite singular neuter -elset, definite singular masculine -elsen, indefinite plural -elser, definite plural -elsene or -elsa)

  2. Used to form verbal nouns denoting an action.
    avgjørelse, forståelse, anfektelse, bebudelse, oppstandelse ― decision, understanding, challenge, proclamation, resurrection
  4. Used to form verbal nouns synonymous with the -ing ending.
    drøftelse, oversettelse, tilretteleggelse, utdannelse ― discussion, translation, facilitation, education
  6. Used to form verbal nouns denoting a different meaning than the -ing ending.
    forbindelse, lignelse ― connection, parable
  8. Used to form verbal nouns with a specific meaning, usually the result of an action
    skrivelse, spøkelse, stivelse ― writing, ghost, starch

Derived terms

[edit]
Norwegian Bokmål terms suffixed with -else

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Anagrams

[edit]

Old English

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

A metathetic form of Proto-West Germanic *-islī.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-else f

  1. (feminine suffix for inanimate objects) suffix creating nouns from verbs
    rǣdelse ― counsel, advice, riddle, enigma
    myrrelse, mierrelse ― an offense, scandal; stumblingblock

Declension

[edit]
Declension of -else (weak)
Case Singular Plural
nominative -else -elsan
accusative -elsan -elsan
genitive -elsan -elsena
dative -elsan -elsum

Synonyms

[edit]

Derived terms

[edit]
  • Category Old English terms suffixed with -else not found

Descendants

[edit]

Swedish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Old Saxon -isli, -islo, from Proto-West Germanic *-islī. Also used to represent the Middle Low German suffix -nisse.

Suffix

[edit]

-else c

  1. suffix creating nouns from verbs

Derived terms

[edit]
Swedish terms suffixed with -else
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