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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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From {{m|da|gmq-oda|-ilse}}, later {{m|da|-ælsæ}}, from {{der|da|osx|-isli}}, {{m|osx|-islo}}. Also used to represent the {{der|da|gml|-}} suffix {{m|gml|-nisse}}. |
From {{m|da|gmq-oda|-ilse}}, later {{m|da|-ælsæ}}, from {{der|da|osx|-isli}}, {{m|osx|-islo}}, from {{der|da|gmw-pro|*-islī}}. Also used to represent the {{der|da|gml|-}} suffix {{m|gml|-nisse}}. |
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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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{{head|da|suffix|g=c|singular definite|-elsen|plural indefinite|-elser|plural definite|-elserne}} |
{{head|da|suffix|g=c|singular definite|-elsen|plural indefinite|-elser|plural definite|-elserne}} |
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# |
# {{ng|Added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process.}} |
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#: {{suffixusex|da|afbryde|afbrydelse|t1=interrupt|t2=interruption}} |
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# |
# {{ng|The result of, or something related to, such an action or process}} |
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====Synonyms==== |
====Synonyms==== |
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{{suffixsee|da}} |
{{suffixsee|da}} |
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====Descendants==== |
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---- |
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* {{desc|nb|-else}} |
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==Low German== |
==Low German== |
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===Alternative forms=== |
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* {{l|nds|-els}} |
* {{l|nds|-els}} |
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* {{l|nds|-elsch}} |
* {{l|nds|-elsch}} |
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#: {{m|nds|Radelse||riddle}}: that which is guessed — from {{m|nds|raden||to guess}}; compare German {{m|de|Rätsel}}, Dutch {{m|nl|raadsel}}, Old English {{m|ang|rǣdelse}} |
#: {{m|nds|Radelse||riddle}}: that which is guessed — from {{m|nds|raden||to guess}}; compare German {{m|de|Rätsel}}, Dutch {{m|nl|raadsel}}, Old English {{m|ang|rǣdelse}} |
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#: {{m|nds|Riemelse||rhyme}}: that which is rhymed — from {{m|nds|riemen||to rhyme}} |
#: {{m|nds|Riemelse||rhyme}}: that which is rhymed — from {{m|nds|riemen||to rhyme}} |
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---- |
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==Middle Low German== |
==Middle Low German== |
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# Creating a noun from a verb, denoting an object which is used to perform the verb. |
# Creating a noun from a verb, denoting an object which is used to perform the verb. |
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#: {{ux|gml|ên deckelse|a cover, a roof, a wrapping; literally 'that which is used to cover'}} |
#: {{ux|gml|ên deckelse|a cover, a roof, a wrapping; literally 'that which is used to cover'}} |
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---- |
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==Norwegian Bokmål== |
==Norwegian Bokmål== |
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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Mostly from {{der|nb|da|-else}}, from {{der|nb|gmq-oda|-ælsæ}} {{m|gmq-oda|-ilse}}, with metathesis of -sl- to -ls- from {{der|nb|osx|-isli}}, {{m|osx|-islo}}. |
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Also from {{bor|nb|gmw|-}} loanwords, partly with metathesis of suffixes -sel and -sle from {{der|nb|gml|-nisse}}, from {{der|nb|osx|-nissi}}, from {{der|nb|gmw-pro|*-nassī|pos=forms abstract nouns}}, from {{m|gmw-pro|*-nass}}, from {{der|nb|gem-pro|*-inassuz}} + {{m|gmw-pro|*-ī}}, from {{der|nb|gem-pro|*-į̄}}, from {{der|nb|ine-pro|*-ih₂|*-i-h₂}}, from {{m|ine-pro|*-h₂|pos=creates collective nouns}}. |
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===Pronunciation=== |
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* {{IPA|nb|/ˌɛlsə/|/ˌəlsə/}} |
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* {{audio|nb|nb--else.ogg}} |
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* {{rhymes|nb|ɛlsə|əlsə}} |
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* {{hyph|nb|-el|se}} |
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* {{homophones|nb|Else|-elset}} |
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===Suffix=== |
===Suffix=== |
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{{head|nb|suffix|g=m|g2=n}} ''(definite singular neuter {{m|nb|-elset}}, definite singular masculine {{m|nb|-elsen}}, indefinite plural {{m|nb|-elser}}, definite plural {{m|nb|-elsene}} or {{m|nb|-elsa}})'' |
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{{head|nb|suffix}} |
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# |
# {{senseid|nb|noun}} {{n-g|Used to form [[verbal noun]]s denoting an action.}} |
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#: {{ux|nb|avgjør'''else''', forstå'''else''', anfekt'''else''', bebud'''else''', oppstand'''else'''|decision, understanding, challenge, proclamation, resurrection|inline=1}} |
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# the result of, or something related to, such an action or process |
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# {{senseid|nb|noun}} {{n-g|Used to form [[verbal noun]]s synonymous with the {{l|nb|-ing}} ending.}} |
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#: {{ux|nb|drøft'''else''', oversett'''else''', tilrettelegg'''else''', utdann'''else'''|discussion, translation, facilitation, education|inline=1}} |
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# {{senseid|nb|noun}} {{n-g|Used to form [[verbal noun]]s denoting a different meaning than the {{l|nb|-ing}} ending.}} |
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#: {{ux|nb|forbind'''else''', lign'''else'''|connection, parable|inline=1}} |
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# {{senseid|nb|noun}} {{n-g|Used to form [[verbal noun]]s with a specific meaning, usually the result of an action}} |
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#: {{ux|nb|skriv'''else''', spøk'''else''', stiv'''else'''|writing, ghost, starch|inline=1}} |
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====Derived terms==== |
====Derived terms==== |
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{{suffixsee|nb}} |
{{suffixsee|nb}} |
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====See also==== |
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* {{l|nb|-ing}}, {{l|nb|-ning||forms nouns}} |
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===References=== |
===References=== |
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* {{R:The Bokmål Dictionary}} |
* {{R:The Bokmål Dictionary}} |
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* {{R:NAOB}} |
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===Anagrams=== |
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* {{anagrams|nb|esel|esle|lees|lese|sele}} |
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{{cln|nb|noun-forming suffixes}} |
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---- |
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==Old English== |
==Old English== |
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===Suffix=== |
===Suffix=== |
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{{ang |
{{head|ang|suffix|g=f|head=-else}} |
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# {{lb|ang|feminine suffix for inanimate objects}} {{n-g|suffix creating nouns from verbs}} |
# {{lb|ang|feminine suffix for inanimate objects}} {{n-g|suffix creating nouns from verbs}} |
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#: {{uxi|ang|[[rǣdelse]]|counsel, |
#: {{uxi|ang|[[rǣdelse]]|counsel, advice, riddle, enigma}} |
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#: {{uxi|ang|[[myrrelse]], [[mierrelse]]|an offense, scandal; stumblingblock}} |
#: {{uxi|ang|[[myrrelse]], [[mierrelse]]|an offense, scandal; stumblingblock}} |
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====Synonyms==== |
====Synonyms==== |
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* {{l|ang|-els}} |
* {{l|ang|-els}} |
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====Derived terms==== |
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* {{suffixsee|ang}} |
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====Descendants==== |
====Descendants==== |
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* {{desc|en|-le}} |
* {{desc|en|-le}} |
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---- |
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==Swedish== |
==Swedish== |
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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From {{der|sv|osx|-isli}}, {{m|osx|-islo}}. Also used to represent the {{der|sv|gml|-}} suffix {{m|gml|-nisse}}. |
From {{der|sv|osx|-isli}}, {{m|osx|-islo}}, from {{der|sv|gmw-pro|*-islī}}. Also used to represent the {{der|sv|gml|-}} suffix {{m|gml|-nisse}}. |
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===Suffix=== |
===Suffix=== |
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{{head|sv|suffix}} |
{{head|sv|suffix|g=c}} |
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# creating nouns from verbs |
# {{n-g|suffix creating nouns from verbs}} |
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====Derived terms==== |
====Derived terms==== |
Latest revision as of 06:56, 5 October 2024
Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From -ilse, later -ælsæ, from Old Saxon -isli, -islo, from Proto-West Germanic *-islī. Also used to represent the Middle Low German suffix -nisse.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-else c (singular definite -elsen, plural indefinite -elser, plural definite -elserne)
- Added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process.
- afbryde (“interrupt”) + -else → afbrydelse (“interruption”)
- The result of, or something related to, such an action or process
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Norwegian Bokmål: -else
Low German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Low German -else, from Old Saxon -isli, -islo; from Proto-West Germanic *-islī.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-else n
- Creating, from a verb, a noun which is created by the action of this verb (not necessarily one with which the verb is supposed to be done).
- Backelse (“pastry”): that which is baked (in a wider sense anything baked like bread and cakes) — from backen (“to bake”)
- Radelse (“riddle”): that which is guessed — from raden (“to guess”); compare German Rätsel, Dutch raadsel, Old English rǣdelse
- Riemelse (“rhyme”): that which is rhymed — from riemen (“to rhyme”)
Middle Low German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Saxon -isli, from Proto-West Germanic *-islī.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-else
- Creating a noun from a verb, denoting something on which the verb is performed.
- ên backelse
- a baked good; literally 'that which is created by baking'
- Creating a noun from a verb, denoting an object which is used to perform the verb.
- ên deckelse
- a cover, a roof, a wrapping; literally 'that which is used to cover'
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Mostly from Danish -else, from Old Danish -ælsæ -ilse, with metathesis of -sl- to -ls- from Old Saxon -isli, -islo.
Also from West Germanic loanwords, partly with metathesis of suffixes -sel and -sle from Middle Low German -nisse, from Old Saxon -nissi, from Proto-West Germanic *-nassī (forms abstract nouns), from *-nass, from Proto-Germanic *-inassuz + *-ī, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄, from Proto-Indo-European *-i-h₂, from *-h₂ (creates collective nouns).
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˌɛlsə/, /ˌəlsə/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ɛlsə, -əlsə
- Hyphenation: -el‧se
- Homophones: Else, -elset
Suffix
[edit]-else m or n (definite singular neuter -elset, definite singular masculine -elsen, indefinite plural -elser, definite plural -elsene or -elsa)
- Used to form verbal nouns denoting an action.
- avgjørelse, forståelse, anfektelse, bebudelse, oppstandelse ― decision, understanding, challenge, proclamation, resurrection
- Used to form verbal nouns synonymous with the -ing ending.
- drøftelse, oversettelse, tilretteleggelse, utdannelse ― discussion, translation, facilitation, education
- Used to form verbal nouns denoting a different meaning than the -ing ending.
- forbindelse, lignelse ― connection, parable
- Used to form verbal nouns with a specific meaning, usually the result of an action
- skrivelse, spøkelse, stivelse ― writing, ghost, starch
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Old English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]A metathetic form of Proto-West Germanic *-islī.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-else f
- (feminine suffix for inanimate objects) suffix creating nouns from verbs
Declension
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- Category Old English terms suffixed with -else not found
Descendants
[edit]- English: -le
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Saxon -isli, -islo, from Proto-West Germanic *-islī. Also used to represent the Middle Low German suffix -nisse.
Suffix
[edit]-else c
- suffix creating nouns from verbs
Derived terms
[edit]- Danish terms derived from Old Saxon
- Danish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Middle Low German
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish suffixes
- Danish common-gender suffixes
- Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German
- Low German terms derived from Middle Low German
- Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Low German lemmas
- Low German suffixes
- Low German neuter suffixes
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Low German lemmas
- Middle Low German suffixes
- Middle Low German terms with usage examples
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Danish
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Danish
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Saxon
- Norwegian Bokmål terms borrowed from West Germanic languages
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from West Germanic languages
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Middle Low German
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/ɛlsə
- Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/əlsə
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with homophones
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål suffixes
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine suffixes
- Norwegian Bokmål neuter suffixes
- Norwegian Bokmål suffixes with multiple genders
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples
- Norwegian Bokmål noun-forming suffixes
- Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English suffixes
- Old English feminine suffixes
- Old English terms with usage examples
- Old English feminine n-stem nouns
- Swedish terms derived from Old Saxon
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Middle Low German
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish suffixes
- Swedish common-gender suffixes