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{{also|Appendix:Variations of "ga"}}
==Estonian==

===Etymology===
Derived from {{m|et|kaasas}}, {{m|et|kaasa}}, which became a suffix. Cognate to {{cog|fi|kanssa}}, {{cog|fi|kaa|-kaa}}, ultimately from {{der|et|gem-pro|*hansō}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|et|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes}}

# {{n-g|ending of the [[comitative]] case}}

==Irish==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|ga|-da||after ''l'' and ''n''}}
* {{alter|ga|-dha||obsolete}}

===Suffix===
{{ga-suffix|a}}

# {{non-gloss|Added to nouns to form adjectives.}}

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|ga}}

====Related terms====
{{rel2|ga|-aí|-ta}}

==Ojibwe==

===Noun===
{{head|oj|noun|cat2=animate nouns|cat3=dependent animate nouns|obligatorily possessed}}

# [[mother]]

====Usage notes====
'''-ga''' is used by some older speakers.

====Synonyms====
* {{l|oj|-maamaay}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|oj|ninga|t=my mother}}
* {{l|oj|giga|t=your mother}}
* {{l|oj|ogiin|t=his/her/their mother}}

===References===
* The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/ga-nad

{{C|oj|Family}}

==Old English==
==Old English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|ang|-ca}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*-gō}}, from {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*-gjô}}, {{m|gem-pro|*-gô|pos=suffix}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{ang-IPA|-ga}}


===Suffix===
===Suffix===
{{infl|ang|suffix|g=m}}
{{ang-suffix|g=m}}


# diminutive suffix, used especially in familiar names for pets
# {{non-gloss|Diminutive suffix, used especially in familiar names for pets.}}
#: ''[[docga#Old English|docga]]''
#: {{uxi|ang|[[docga]]|dog}}
#: ''[[frocga#Old English|frocga]]''
#: {{uxi|ang|[[frocga]]|frog}}
#: ''[[picga#Old English|picga]]''
#: {{uxi|ang|[[*picga]]|pig}}
#: {{uxi|ang|[[*snecga]]|snail}}
#: ''[[stacga#Old English|stacga]]''
#: {{uxi|ang|[[stacga]]|stag}}
#: ''[[wicga#Old English|wicga]]''
#: {{uxi|ang|[[wicga]]|insect}}


====Declension====
====Declension====
{{ang-decl-noun|-ga|-gan|-gan|-gan|-gan|-gena|-gan|-gum}}
{{ang-decl-noun-n-m|-g}}

==Pali==

===Alternative forms===
{{pi-alt|Latn=-ga}}

===Etymology===
From the root {{l|pi|gam|to go}}. When used as the second element of an upapada tatpurusha, the vowel and final verbal roots ending in a nasal are reduced to their zero grade, /a/, which is then reinterpreted as the thematic vowel.

===Adjective===
{{pi-adj}}

# [[go]]ing

====Usage notes====
The adjective may be used in an absolute sense, thereby yielding a noun. This suffix is not used as a free-standing adjective.

====Declension====
{{pi-decl-noun|g=m}}
{{pi-decl-noun|g=n}}

====Derived terms====
Words using this suffix are listed in their own [[:Category:Pali terms suffixed with -in|category]]. Note that normally only the Latin script forms are listed, as etymology sections are normally restricted to the Latin script form.

{{suffixsee|pi}}

==Samoan==

===Suffix===
{{head|sm|suffix}}

# {{non-gloss|Used to make a verb into a noun with a related meaning.}}

==Somali==

===Suffix===
{{head|so|suffix}}

# [[the]]

==Tokelauan==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|tkl|poz-pol-pro|*-ŋa}}. Cognates include {{cog|haw|-na}} and {{cog|sm|-ga}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{tkl-IPA|-ga}}

===Suffix===
{{head|tkl|suffix}}

# {{n-g|Used to form [[nouns]] denoting the [[action]] of the suffixed [[verb]]}}; [[-ion]], [[-ing]]
#: {{suffixusex|tkl|iloilo|t1=to examine|iloiloga|t2=examination}}
# {{n-g|Used to form [[nouns]] denoting the [[event]] of the suffixed [[verb]]}}; [[-ion]], [[-ing]]
#: {{suffixusex|tkl|tipi|t1=to cut|tīpiga|t2=surgery}}
# {{n-g|Used to form [[nouns]] denoting the [[object]] of the suffixed [[verb]].}}
#: {{suffixusex|tkl|kave|t1=to carry|kāvega|t2=load}}

====Usage notes====
* To make a distinction between the different senses of the suffix, the first vowel of the produced noun may be [[elongate]]d:
*: {{suffixusex|tkl|tipi|t1=to cut|tipiga|t2=act of cutting}}
*: {{suffixusex|tkl|tipi|t1=to cut|tīpiga|t2=surgery}}

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|tkl}}

===References===
* {{R:tkl:TD|page=133}}

==Uzbek==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|uz|-ka|}}

===Suffix===
{{head|uz|suffix}}


# [[to]] {{gloss|dative case}}
[[Category:Old English suffixes]]

Latest revision as of 07:28, 5 October 2024

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ga"

Estonian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Derived from kaasas, kaasa, which became a suffix. Cognate to Finnish kanssa, Finnish -kaa, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hansō.

Suffix

[edit]

-ga

  1. ending of the comitative case

Irish

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-ga

  1. Added to nouns to form adjectives.

Derived terms

[edit]
Irish terms suffixed with -ga
[edit]

Ojibwe

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

-ga (obligatorily possessed)

  1. mother

Usage notes

[edit]

-ga is used by some older speakers.

Synonyms

[edit]

Derived terms

[edit]
  • ninga (“my mother”)
  • giga (“your mother”)
  • ogiin (“his/her/their mother”)

References

[edit]

Old English

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *-gō, from Proto-Germanic *-gjô, *-gô (suffix).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-ga

  1. Diminutive suffix, used especially in familiar names for pets.
    docga ― dog
    frocga ― frog
    *picga ― pig
    *snecga ― snail
    stacga ― stag
    wicga ― insect

Declension

[edit]
Declension of -ga (weak)
Case Singular Plural
nominative -ga -gan
accusative -gan -gan
genitive -gan -gena
dative -gan -gum

Pali

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]
Alternative scripts

Etymology

[edit]

From the root to go. When used as the second element of an upapada tatpurusha, the vowel and final verbal roots ending in a nasal are reduced to their zero grade, /a/, which is then reinterpreted as the thematic vowel.

Adjective

[edit]

-ga

  1. going

Usage notes

[edit]

The adjective may be used in an absolute sense, thereby yielding a noun. This suffix is not used as a free-standing adjective.

Declension

[edit]
Declension table of "-ga" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)-go-gā
Accusative (second)-gaṃ-ge
Instrumental (third)-gena-gehi or -gebhi
Dative (fourth)-gassa or -gāya or -gatthaṃ-gānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)-gasmā or -gamhā or -gā-gehi or -gebhi
Genitive (sixth)-gassa-gānaṃ
Locative (seventh)-gasmiṃ or -gamhi or -ge-gesu
Vocative (calling)-ga-gā
Declension table of "-ga" (neuter)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)-gaṃ-gāni
Accusative (second)-gaṃ-gāni
Instrumental (third)-gena-gehi or -gebhi
Dative (fourth)-gassa or -gāya or -gatthaṃ-gānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)-gasmā or -gamhā or -gā-gehi or -gebhi
Genitive (sixth)-gassa-gānaṃ
Locative (seventh)-gasmiṃ or -gamhi or -ge-gesu
Vocative (calling)-ga-gāni

Derived terms

[edit]

Words using this suffix are listed in their own category. Note that normally only the Latin script forms are listed, as etymology sections are normally restricted to the Latin script form.

Pali terms suffixed with -ga

Samoan

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-ga

  1. Used to make a verb into a noun with a related meaning.

Somali

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-ga

  1. the

Tokelauan

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Polynesian *-ŋa. Cognates include Hawaiian -na and Samoan -ga.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-ga

  1. Used to form nouns denoting the action of the suffixed verb; -ion, -ing
    ‎iloilo (“to examine”) + ‎-ga → ‎iloiloga (“examination”)
  2. Used to form nouns denoting the event of the suffixed verb; -ion, -ing
    ‎tipi (“to cut”) + ‎-ga → ‎tīpiga (“surgery”)
  3. Used to form nouns denoting the object of the suffixed verb.
    ‎kave (“to carry”) + ‎-ga → ‎kāvega (“load”)

Usage notes

[edit]
  • To make a distinction between the different senses of the suffix, the first vowel of the produced noun may be elongated:
    ‎tipi (“to cut”) + ‎-ga → ‎tipiga (“act of cutting”)
    ‎tipi (“to cut”) + ‎-ga → ‎tīpiga (“surgery”)

Derived terms

[edit]
Tokelauan terms suffixed with -ga

References

[edit]
  • R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎[1], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 133

Uzbek

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-ga

  1. to (dative case)
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