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{{also|laus}} |
{{also|laus|Laus}} |
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==Icelandic== |
==Icelandic== |
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===Etymology=== |
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From {{inh|is|non|-lauss}}, from {{der|is|gem-pro|*-lausaz}}, from {{m|gem-pro|*lausaz|t=loose, free}}. Cognate with {{cog|da|-løs}}, {{cog|nn|-laus}}, {{cog|sv|-lös}}, {{cog|en|-less}} and {{cog|de|-los}}. |
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===Suffix=== |
===Suffix=== |
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{{head|is|suffix|feminine|-laus|neuter|-laust|comparative|-lausari|superlative|-lausastur}} |
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'''-laus''' {{m|f}}, [[-laust]] {{n}} |
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# [[-less]], [[free]] of something |
# [[-less]], [[free]] of something |
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====Usage notes==== |
====Usage notes==== |
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* The suffix '''-laus''' is most often used combined with a |
* The suffix '''-laus''' is most often used combined with a genitive form or the stem of a word, meaning "free of something" ''e.g.'': |
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*: genitive of {{m|is|heili||a brain}} and '''-laus''' → {{m|is|heila||of a brain}} and '''-laus''' → {{m|is|heilalaus|heila'''laus'''|brain'''less'''}} |
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*: the {{gen}} of ''[[heili]]'' (meaning "[[brain]]") is ''[[heila]]'' |
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*:: ''[[heila]]'' + '''-laus''' |
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====Inflection==== |
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*:: which becomes ''[[heilalaus]]'' meaning "[[brainless]]" |
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{{is-decl-adj-1|-l|au|s}} |
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====Derived terms==== |
====Derived terms==== |
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{{suffixsee|is}} |
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* [[aðburðalaus]] {{m|f}}, [[aðburðalaust]] {{n}} |
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{{der-top}} |
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* [[aðburðarlaus]] {{m|f}}, [[aðburðarlaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|aðburðalaus}} |
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* [[aðgerðalaus]] {{m|f}}, [[aðgerðalaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|aðburðarlaus}} |
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* [[aðgerðarlaus]] {{m|f}}, [[aðgerðarlaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|aðgerðalaus}} |
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* [[aðgæslulaus]] {{m|f}}, [[aðgæslulaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|aðgerðarlaus}} |
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* [[afborgunarlaus]] {{m|f}}, [[afborgunarlaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|aðgæslulaus}} |
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* [[afdráttarlaus]] {{m|f}}, [[afdráttarlaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|afborgunarlaus}} |
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* [[afdrifalaus]] {{m|f}}, [[afdrifalaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|afdráttarlaus}} |
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* [[affallalaus]] {{m|f}}, [[affallalaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|afdrifalaus}} |
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* [[aflalaus]] {{m|f}}, [[aflalaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|affallalaus}} |
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* [[afllaus]] {{m|f}}, [[afllaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|aflalaus}} |
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* [[afskiptalaus]] {{m|f}}, [[afskiptalaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|afllaus}} |
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* [[agalaus]] {{m|f}}, [[agalaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|afskiptalaus}} |
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* [[aldurlaus]] {{m|f}}, [[aldurlaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|agalaus}} |
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* [[allslaus]] {{m|f}}, [[allslaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|aldurlaus}} |
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* [[alsaklaus]] {{m|f}}, [[alsaklaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|allslaus}} |
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* [[alvitlaus]] {{m|f}}, [[alvitlaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|alsaklaus}} |
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* [[alvörulaus]] {{m|f}}, [[alvörulaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|alvitlaus}} |
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* [[amalaus]] {{m|f}}, [[amalaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|alvörulaus}} |
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* [[andlaus]] {{m|f}}, [[andlaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|amalaus}} |
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* [[andlitslaus]] {{m|f}}, [[andlitslaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|andlaus}} |
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* [[andskotalaus]] {{m|f}}, [[andskotalaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|andlitslaus}} |
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* [[andvaralaus]] {{m|f}}, [[andvaralaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|andskotalaus}} |
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* [[angurlaus]] {{m|f}}, [[angurlaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|andvaralaus}} |
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* [[angurslaus]] {{m|f}}, [[angurslaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|angurlaus}} |
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* [[ankalaus]] {{m|f}}, [[ankalaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|angurslaus}} |
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* [[annkramalaus]] {{m|f}}, [[annkramalaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|ankalaus}} |
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* [[annmarkalaus]] {{m|f}}, [[annmarkalaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|annkramalaus}} |
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* [[arðlaus]] {{m|f}}, [[arðlaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|annmarkalaus}} |
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* [[augnalaus]] {{m|f}}, [[augnalaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|arðlaus}} |
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* [[arfavitlaus]] {{m|f}}, [[arfavitlaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|arfavitlaus}} |
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* [[fjalllaus]] {{m|f}}, [[fjalllaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|heilalaus}} |
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* [[heilalaus]] {{m|f}}, [[heilalaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|gallalaus}} |
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* [[efalaus]] {{m|f}}, [[efalaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|óttalaus}} |
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* [[gallalaus]] {{m|f}}, [[gallalaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|flekklaus}} |
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* [[neflaus]] {{m|f}}, [[neflaust]] {{n}} |
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* {{l|is|ámælislaus}} |
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* [[óttalaus]] {{m|f}}, [[óttalaust]] {{n}} |
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{{der-bottom}} |
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* [[flekklaus]] {{m|f}}, [[flekklaus]] {{m}} |
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* [[ámælislaus]] {{m|f}}, [[ámælislaust]] {{n}} |
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* [[hóflaus]] {{m|f}}, [[hóflaust]] {{n}} |
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* [[virðingarlaus]] {{m|f}}, [[virðingarlaust]] {{n}} |
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* [[vitlaus]] {{m|f}}, [[vitlaust]] {{n}} |
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* [[saklaus]] {{m|f}}, [[saklaust]] {{n}} |
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====See also==== |
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[[Category:Icelandic suffixes|laus]] |
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* {{l|is|-vana}} |
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* {{l|is|-vani}} |
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Latest revision as of 08:52, 27 November 2023
Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse -lauss, from Proto-Germanic *-lausaz, from *lausaz (“loose, free”). Cognate with Danish -løs, Norwegian Nynorsk -laus, Swedish -lös, English -less and German -los.
Suffix
[edit]-laus (feminine -laus, neuter -laust, comparative -lausari, superlative -lausastur)
Usage notes
[edit]- The suffix -laus is most often used combined with a genitive form or the stem of a word, meaning "free of something" e.g.:
Inflection
[edit] positive (strong declension)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -laus | -laus | -laust |
| accusative | -lausan | -lausa | -laust |
| dative | -lausum | -lausri | -lausu |
| genitive | -lauss | -lausrar | -lauss |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | -lausir | -lausar | -laus |
| accusative | -lausa | -lausar | -laus |
| dative | -lausum | -lausum | -lausum |
| genitive | -lausra | -lausra | -lausra |
positive (weak declension)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -lausi | -lausa | -lausa |
| accusative | -lausa | -lausu | -lausa |
| dative | -lausa | -lausu | -lausa |
| genitive | -lausa | -lausu | -lausa |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | -lausu | -lausu | -lausu |
| accusative | -lausu | -lausu | -lausu |
| dative | -lausu | -lausu | -lausu |
| genitive | -lausu | -lausu | -lausu |
comparative
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -lausari | -lausari | -lausara |
| accusative | -lausari | -lausari | -lausara |
| dative | -lausari | -lausari | -lausara |
| genitive | -lausari | -lausari | -lausara |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | -lausari | -lausari | -lausari |
| accusative | -lausari | -lausari | -lausari |
| dative | -lausari | -lausari | -lausari |
| genitive | -lausari | -lausari | -lausari |
superlative (strong declension)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -lausastur | -lausust | -lausast |
| accusative | -lausastan | -lausasta | -lausast |
| dative | -lausustum | -lausastri | -lausustu |
| genitive | -lausasts | -lausastrar | -lausasts |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | -lausastir | -lausastar | -lausust |
| accusative | -lausasta | -lausastar | -lausust |
| dative | -lausustum | -lausustum | -lausustum |
| genitive | -lausastra | -lausastra | -lausastra |
superlative (weak declension)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -lausasti | -lausasta | -lausasta |
| accusative | -lausasta | -lausustu | -lausasta |
| dative | -lausasta | -lausustu | -lausasta |
| genitive | -lausasta | -lausustu | -lausasta |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | -lausustu | -lausustu | -lausustu |
| accusative | -lausustu | -lausustu | -lausustu |
| dative | -lausustu | -lausustu | -lausustu |
| genitive | -lausustu | -lausustu | -lausustu |
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- aðburðalaus
- aðburðarlaus
- aðgerðalaus
- aðgerðarlaus
- aðgæslulaus
- afborgunarlaus
- afdráttarlaus
- afdrifalaus
- affallalaus
- aflalaus
- afllaus
- afskiptalaus
- agalaus
- aldurlaus
- allslaus
- alsaklaus
- alvitlaus
- alvörulaus
- amalaus
- andlaus
- andlitslaus
- andskotalaus
- andvaralaus
- angurlaus
- angurslaus
- ankalaus
- annkramalaus
- annmarkalaus
- arðlaus
- arfavitlaus
- heilalaus
- gallalaus
- óttalaus
- flekklaus
- ámælislaus