Rus

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See also: rus, RUS, rus', rus., ruš, Rus., Rus', R Us, and Ruś

English

Alternative forms

  • Rus'
  • Rūs (in the context of transliteration from Arabic)

Etymology

Earlier form Russ from German Russe etc., from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ). More recent use influenced by Russian Русь (Rusʹ), from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ). Use with macron was probably influenced by the transliteration of Arabic رُوس (rūs).

Compare Russ, Russian, Russie, Russniak, Rusyn, Ruthenian.

Also compare Swedish Ryss, Dutch Rus, German Russe, French Russe, Byzantine Greek Ῥῶς (Rhôs), Russian Русь (Rusʹ), Belarusian Русь (Rusʹ), Ukrainian Русь (Rusʹ). Also compare Russian ру́сский (rússkij, “Ethnic Russian, of Rus”), россия́нин (rossijánin, “Russian national”), Росси́я (Rossíja, “Russia”).

See further Etymology of Rus and derivatives.

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Rus (countable and uncountable, plural Rus)

  1. A people made up of Scandinavian warrior merchants who travelled Eastern European river-roads from the eighth century, and whose settlements around Novgorod, Kiev and the Volga and Dnieper gave rise to the Rus' principalities. [from 19th c.]
    • 2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 504:
      In 860 the Rus’ streamed southwards and laid siege to Constantinople itself.
  2. Kievan Rus', the medieval East Slavic state established by these same warrior merchants in the 9th century, whose capital was in Kiev.
  3. Any of the medieval East Slavic principalities ruled by this class, especially Kievan Rus.
  4. (poetic) The nation of Russia, especially in a transcendent or romantic sense referring to the history and culture of the country.

Usage notes

This neutral term is used more often instead of Russia or medieval Russia, acknowledging that the Belarusian, Russian, and Ukrainian people share the heritage of Rus.

With this innovation, it is sometimes unclear how to replace the adjective Russian in the same context. Alternatives include using the attributive noun, as in “the Rus princes”, or rewriting to use “of Rus”. The nonstandard adjective Rusian is seen very rarely.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

Rus (plural Rus)

  1. A person from Rus.
    • 1959, Boris Dmitrievich Grekov, Kiev Rus, Foreign Languages Pub. House, p 244:
      And if a Rus hits a Greek, or a Greek a Rus with a sword, a spear or any other weapon, he shall pay five litres of silver for his offence, in accordance with Rus law; and if he be unable (insolvent—Author) his property shall be sold for the best price it fetches, including the very clothes . . .
    • 1959, Sergeĭ Mikhaĭlovich Solov’ev, History of Russia from the Earliest Times [2000], v 3 (The Shift Northward: Kievan Rus, 1154–1228), p 223:
      If a Varangian claimed money from a Rus, or a Rus from a Varangian, and the debtor refused to pay, the plaintiff, accompanied by twelve witnesses, . . .
    • 1973, Donald W. Treadgold, The West in Russia and China: Religious and Secular Thought in Modern Times, v 1 (Russia, 1472–1917), →ISBN, p xxxv:
      The Church of Kievan Rus knew men well-versed in Scripture and apparently other learning of the time, such as the Metropolitans Ioann II (d. 1089) and Klimetn Smoliatich (twelfth century). The former was Greek, and the latter a Rus.

References

Anagrams

Afrikaans

Noun

Rus (plural Russe, diminutive Russie)

  1. Russian (person from Russia or of Russian descent)

Central Franconian

Etymology

From Old High German rōsa, from Latin rosa.

Pronunciation

Noun

Rus f (plural Ruse, diminutive Rüsje or Riesche)

  1. (most dialects) rose

Usage notes

  • The diminutive Rüsje is Ripuarian; the form Riesche is Moselle Franconian.

Czech

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech Rus.

Noun

Rus m anim (female equivalent Ruska)

  1. Russian (person)
    Synonym: (colloquial) Rusák
Declension
Declension of Rus (hard masculine animate)
singular plural
nominative Rus Rusové, Rusi
genitive Rusa Rusů
dative Rusovi, Rusu Rusům
accusative Rusa Rusy
vocative Ruse Rusové, Rusi
locative Rusovi, Rusu Rusech
instrumental Rusem Rusy

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Czech Rus.

Proper noun

Rus f

  1. (literary) Russia
    mátuška Rus ― Mother Russia
  2. (historical) Rus
    Kyjevská Rus ― Kievan Rus
Declension
Declension of Rus (sg-only i-stem feminine)
singular
nominative Rus
genitive Rusi
dative Rusi
accusative Rus
vocative Rusi
locative Rusi
instrumental Rusí

Further reading

  • “Rus”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “Rus”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Proper noun

Rus m anim (female equivalent Rusová)

  1. a male surname

Declension

Declension of Rus (hard masculine animate)
singular plural
nominative Rus Rusové
genitive Rusa Rusů
dative Rusovi Rusům
accusative Rusa Rusy
vocative Ruse Rusové
locative Rusovi Rusech
instrumental Rusem Rusy

Further reading

  • “Rus”, in Příjmení.cz (in Czech)

Dutch

Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nl

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ʏs
  • IPA(key): /rʏs/

Noun

Rus m (plural Russen, diminutive Rusje n, feminine Russin)

  1. Russian
  2. (Bargoens) detective

Derived terms

Polish

Etymology

From rusy or Rus ("Ruthenian" or "Russian").

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Rus m pers

  1. a male surname

Declension

Declension of Rus
singular plural
nominative Rus Rusowie
genitive Rusa Rusów
dative Rusowi Rusom
accusative Rusa Rusów
instrumental Rusem Rusami
locative Rusie Rusach
vocative Rusie Rusowie

Proper noun

Rus f (indeclinable)

  1. a female surname

Further reading

  • “Rus”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022

Romanian

Etymology

From rus.

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Rus m

  1. A village in Dumbrăvița, Maramureș, Romania
  2. A commune of Sălaj, Romania
  3. A village in Rus, Sălaj, Romania

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Rȕs m (Cyrillic spelling Ру̏с)

  1. Russian (male person)

Declension

Declension of Rus
singular plural
nominative Rȕs Rȕsi
genitive Rusa Rusa
dative Rusu Rusima
accusative Rusa Ruse
vocative Ruse Rusi
locative Rusu Rusima
instrumental Rusom Rusima

Further reading

  • “Rus” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovak

Pronunciation

Noun

Rus m pers (female equivalent Ruska)

  1. Russian (person)

Declension

Declension of Rus
singular plural
nominative Rus Rusi
genitive Rusa Rusov
dative Rusovi Rusom
accusative Rusa Rusov
locative Rusovi Rusoch
instrumental Rusom Rusmi

Proper noun

Rus m pers (female equivalent Rusová)

  1. a male surname originating as an ethnonym

References

  • “Rus”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Further reading

Slovene

Pronunciation

Noun

Rȗs m anim (female equivalent Rúsinja)

  1. Russian (male person)

Inflection

 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing. Rús
gen. sing. Rúsa
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		Rús Rúsa Rúsi
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		Rúsa Rúsov Rúsov
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		Rúsu Rúsoma Rúsom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		Rúsa Rúsa Rúse
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		Rúsu Rúsih Rúsih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		Rúsom Rúsoma Rúsi

Further reading

  • “Rus”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • “Rus”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references

Turkish

Noun

Rus

  1. A Russian person (nationality)
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