View source for a.m.

{{also|Appendix:Variations of "am"}}
{{character info|㏂}}

==English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|en|a. m.|am|AM|A. M.|A.M.}}
* {{alt|en|a|A||chiefly American}}

===Etymology===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*h₂en-}}
Abbreviation of [[ante meridiem]] ("before noon").

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|en|En-us-a.m..ogg|a=US}}

===Adverb===
{{en-adv|-}}

# {{lb|en|used after the hour}} In the 12-hour period from [[midnight]] to [[noon]] (the first half of the day) when using the [[12-hour clock]].
#* '''1967''', United States Travel Service, ''Plant Tours for International Visitors to the United States'', [https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Plant_Tours_for_International_Visitors_t/4RL4okrhIlIC?gbpv=1&pg=PA49 page 49]:
#*: Greenfield [...] Monday thru Friday, 9 to 12 '''a.m.'''
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2001|publisher=United States General Accounting Office|title=Customs Service effects of proposed legislation on officers' pay|pageurl=https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Customs_Service_effects_of_proposed_legi/FmBFUpWcv2EC?&gbpv=1&pg=PA45|page=45
|passage=One of the most common night shifts is the 12 '''a.m.'''-to-8 '''a.m.''' shift.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2007|author=Khurana Rohit|title=Number Game 4|pageurl=https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Number_Game_4/RiiONnE6LKMC?gbpv=1&pg=PA144|page=144
|passage=We never say 12 '''a.m.''' or 12 p.m. It's either 12 midnight or 12 noon, respectively.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2009|author=Robert Bill|title=Medical Mathematics and Dosage Calculations for Veterinary Professionals|pageurl=https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Medical_Mathematics_and_Dosage_Calculati/jsOtutlXsuwC?gbpv=1&pg=PA348|page=348
|passage=The 12-hour clock uses '''A.M.''' for the morning hours of midnight (12:00 '''A.M.''') to almost noon (11:59 '''A.M.''') and the P.M. designation for the hours from noon (12:00 P.M.) to almost midnight (11:59 PM).}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2015|author=Arhlene A. Flowers|title=Global Writing for Public Relations|pageurl=https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Global_Writing_for_Public_Relations/VcQ0CwAAQBAJ?&gbpv=1&pg=PT141|page=141
|passage=The 12-hour clock, which is used in the U.S., Canada, and a few other countries, divides time into two cycles: '''a.m.''' (ante meridiem, Latin for before midday) from midnight, 12 '''a.m.''', to 11:59 '''a.m.'''; and p.m. (post meridiem, Latin for after midday) from noon, 12 p.m., to 11:59 p.m.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2021|author=Jukka Heinonen; Ortzi Akizu-Gardoki; Sanna Ala-Mantila|title=Energy Efficient Cities of Today and Tomorrow|pageurl=https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Energy_Efficient_Cities_of_Today_and_Tom/Fd4mEAAAQBAJ?gbpv=1&pg=PA196|page=196
|passage=The following daylight peaks are identified around lunchtime, from 12 '''am''' to 1 pm, while for weekend days, the curve show several daylight peaks from 7 '''am''' to late lunchtime, around 1 pm.}}

====Usage notes====
* As seen in the quotes above, "12 a.m." has sometimes been used to mean either noon or midnight. However, the National Institute of Standards and Technology contends that those uses are incorrect.
* Some argue that it should not be used in English as a noun meaning "morning" on account of the fact that it is an abbreviation for a Latin adverbial phrase.

====Synonyms====
* in the [[forenoon]]

====Antonyms====
* {{l|en|p.m.}}
* in the [[afternoon]]

====Translations====
{{trans-top|before noon}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|قَبْلَ الظُّهْر}}, {{t|ar|صَبَاحًا}}, {{t+|ar|ص}} {{q|abbreviation}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|上午|tr=shàngwǔ}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|dopoledne}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|'s morgens}}, {{t+|nl|'s ochtends}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|atm.}}, {{t|eo|a.t.m.}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|ap.}}, {{t+|fi|ap}}, {{t+|fi|e. pp.}}
* French: {{t|fr|[[du]] [[matin]]}}, {{t+|fr|avant-midi}} {{qualifier|Canada, Belgium}}
* German: {{t+|de|morgens}}, {{t+|de|vormittags}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|π.μ.}} (p.m.)<!--sic-->
* Haitian Creole: {{t|ht|di maten}}, {{t|ht|nan maten}}, {{t|ht|maten}}
* Hindi: {{t|hi|सुबह के|sc=Deva}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|árdegis}}, {{t+|is|fyrir hádegi}}, {{t+|is|f.h.}}, {{t|is|a.m.}}
* Italian: {{t+check|it|mattina|alt=di mattina}} <!-- was "di [[mattina]]" - assumed inflected form or vocalised spelling; please verify if linking is acceptable. see [[User:Kephir/gadgets/xte#Translation_fixing]] -->
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|午前|tr=ごぜん, gozen}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|таң}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|오전}}, {{t+|ko|오전|alt=오전에}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|pagi}}
* Mongolian: {{t|mn|ҮӨ}}
* Navajo: {{t|nv|abínígo neeznáágóó oolkiłgo|alt=abínígo neeznáágóó oolkiłgo...}} {{qualifier|10 a.m. in the future}}, {{t|nv|abínídą́ą́ʼ neeznáadi oolkił yę́ędą́ą́ʼ|alt=abínídą́ą́ʼ neeznáadi oolkił yę́ędą́ą́ʼ...}} {{qualifier|10 a.m. in the past}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|پیشین|tr=pišin}}, {{t|fa|پیش از نیمروز|tr=piš az nimruz}}, {{t|fa|ق.ظ}}
* Polish: {{t|pl|[[przed]] [[południe]]m}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|a.m.}}, {{t|pt|[[da]] [[manhã]]}}
* Russian: {{t|ru|до полу́дня}}, {{t+|ru|но́чи}} {{qualifier|till 3 AM}}, {{t+|ru|утра́}} {{qualifier|after 3 AM}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|m}}, {{t|gd|sa mhadainn}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|a. m.}}, {{t|es|AM}}, {{t|es|[[de]] [[la]] [[mañana]]}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|fm}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|n.u.}}, {{t-check|tl|n.u.}} <!-- "ng umaga" - to be put at target entry -->
* Tatar: {{t|tt|өйләгә кадәр}}, {{t|tt|төнге}}, {{t|tt|таңгы}}, {{t|tt|иртәнге}}
* Tigrinya: {{t|ti|ንጉሆ ሰዓት}}
* Turkish: {{t|tr|ÖÖ.}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|صبح کے|tr=subah ke|sc=ur-Arab}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|y.b.}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Adjective===
{{en-adj|-}}

# {{initialism of|en|ad modum}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=am|-ma-|M&A|M.A.|MA|Ma|ma}}

{{C|en|Time}}

==Dutch==

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-a.m..ogg}}

===Adverb===
{{head|nl|adverb}}

# {{abbreviation of|nl|amica manu}}: (delivered) by the hand of a friend (put on an address)
# {{abbreviation of|nl|ante meridiem}}: {{l|en|a.m.}}, in the forenoon

====Synonyms====
* {{l|nl|'s morgens}}
* {{l|nl|'s ochtends}}

==Portuguese==

===Adverb===
{{pt-adv|hascomp=no}}

# {{l|en|a.m.}} {{gloss|before noon}}/{{gloss|antes do meio dia}} (Portuguese language)