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See also: Appendix:Variations of "am"

㏂	U+33C2, ㏂ SQUARE AM

← ㏁
[U+33C1]

CJK Compatibility

㏃ →
[U+33C3]

English

Alternative forms

a. m., am, AM, A. M., A.M.
a, A (chiefly American)

Etymology

Abbreviation of ante meridiem ("before noon").

Pronunciation

Audio (US): (file)

Adverb

a.m. (not comparable)

(used after the hour) In the 12-hour period from midnight to noon (the first half of the day) when using the 12-hour clock.
- 1967, United States Travel Service, Plant Tours for International Visitors to the United States, page 49:
  Greenfield [...] Monday thru Friday, 9 to 12 a.m.
- 2001, Customs Service effects of proposed legislation on officers' pay, United States General Accounting Office, page 45:
  One of the most common night shifts is the 12 a.m.-to-8 a.m. shift.
- 2007, Khurana Rohit, Number Game 4, page 144:
  We never say 12 a.m. or 12 p.m. It's either 12 midnight or 12 noon, respectively.
- 2009, Robert Bill, Medical Mathematics and Dosage Calculations for Veterinary Professionals, page 348:
  The 12-hour clock uses A.M. for the morning hours of midnight (12:00 A.M.) to almost noon (11:59 A.M.) and the P.M. designation for the hours from noon (12:00 P.M.) to almost midnight (11:59 PM).
- 2015, Arhlene A. Flowers, Global Writing for Public Relations, page 141:
  The 12-hour clock, which is used in the U.S., Canada, and a few other countries, divides time into two cycles: a.m. (ante meridiem, Latin for before midday) from midnight, 12 a.m., to 11:59 a.m.; and p.m. (post meridiem, Latin for after midday) from noon, 12 p.m., to 11:59 p.m.
- 2021, Jukka Heinonen, Ortzi Akizu-Gardoki, Sanna Ala-Mantila, Energy Efficient Cities of Today and Tomorrow, page 196:
  The following daylight peaks are identified around lunchtime, from 12 am to 1 pm, while for weekend days, the curve show several daylight peaks from 7 am to late lunchtime, around 1 pm.

Usage notes

As seen in the quotes above, "12 a.m." has sometimes been used to mean either noon or midnight. However, the National Institute of Standards and Technology contends that those uses are incorrect.
Some argue that it should not be used in English as a noun meaning "morning" on account of the fact that it is an abbreviation for a Latin adverbial phrase.

Synonyms

in the forenoon

Antonyms

p.m.
in the afternoon

Translations

before noon

Arabic: قَبْلَ الظُّهْر (qabla ẓ-ẓuhr), صَبَاحًا (ṣabāḥan), ص (ar) (ṣ) (abbreviation)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 上午 (zh) (shàngwǔ)
Czech: dopoledne (cs)
Dutch: 's morgens (nl), 's ochtends (nl)
Esperanto: atm., a.t.m.
Finnish: ap. (fi), ap (fi), e. pp. (fi)
French: du matin, avant-midi (fr) (Canada, Belgium)
German: morgens (de), vormittags (de)
Greek: π.μ. (el) (p.m.) (p.m.)
Haitian Creole: di maten, nan maten, maten
Hindi: सुबह के (subah ke)
Icelandic: árdegis (is), fyrir hádegi (is), f.h. (is), a.m.
Italian: ^{(please verify)} di mattina (it)
Japanese: 午前 (ja) (ごぜん, gozen)
Kazakh: таң (tañ)
Korean: 오전 (ko) (ojeon), 오전에 (ko) (ojeone)
Malay: pagi (ms)
Mongolian: ҮӨ (ÜÖ)
Navajo: abínígo neeznáágóó oolkiłgo... (10 a.m. in the future), abínídą́ą́ʼ neeznáadi oolkił yę́ędą́ą́ʼ... (10 a.m. in the past)
Persian: پیشین (fa) (pišin), پیش از نیمروز (piš az nimruz), ق.ظ
Polish: przed południem
Portuguese: a.m., da manhã
Russian: до полу́дня (do polúdnja), но́чи (ru) (nóči) (till 3 AM), утра́ (ru) (utrá) (after 3 AM)
Scottish Gaelic: m, sa mhadainn
Spanish: a. m. (es), AM, de la mañana
Swedish: fm (sv)
Tagalog: n.u., ^{(please verify)} n.u.
Tatar: өйләгә кадәр (öylägä qadär), төнге (tönge), таңгы (tañgı), иртәнге (irtänge)
Tigrinya: ንጉሆ ሰዓት (nəguho säʿat)
Turkish: ÖÖ.
Urdu: صبح کے (subah ke)
Welsh: y.b. (cy)

Adjective

a.m. (not comparable)

Initialism of ad modum.

Anagrams

-ma-, M&A, M.A., MA, Ma, ma

Dutch

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Adverb

a.m.

Abbreviation of amica manu.: (delivered) by the hand of a friend (put on an address)
Abbreviation of ante meridiem.: a.m., in the forenoon

Synonyms

Portuguese

Adverb

a.m. (not comparable)

a.m. (before noon)/(antes do meio dia) (Portuguese language)

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{also|Appendix:Variations of "am"}}
-{{character info/new|㏂}}
+{{character info|㏂}}
 ==English==
 ===Alternative forms===
-* {{l|en|am}}
+* {{alt|en|a. m.|am|AM|A. M.|A.M.}}
-* {{l|en|AM}}
+* {{alt|en|a|A||chiefly American}}
-* {{l|en|A.M.}}
 ===Etymology===
+{{root|en|ine-pro|*h₂en-}}
-Abbreviation of {{bor|en|la|ante}} {{m|la|meridiem}} "before noon".
+Abbreviation of [[ante meridiem]] ("before noon").
 ===Pronunciation===
-* {{audio|en|En-us-a.m..ogg|Audio (US)}}
+* {{audio|en|En-us-a.m..ogg|a=US}}
 ===Adverb===
 {{en-adv|-}}
+# {{lb|en|used after the hour}} In the 12-hour period from [[midnight]] to [[noon]] (the first half of the day) when using the [[12-hour clock]].
-# [[before|Before]] [[noon]].
+#* '''1967''', United States Travel Service, ''Plant Tours for International Visitors to the United States'', [https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Plant_Tours_for_International_Visitors_t/4RL4okrhIlIC?gbpv=1&pg=PA49 page 49]:
+#*: Greenfield [...] Monday thru Friday, 9 to 12 '''a.m.'''
+#* {{quote-text|en|year=2001|publisher=United States General Accounting Office|title=Customs Service effects of proposed legislation on officers' pay|pageurl=https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Customs_Service_effects_of_proposed_legi/FmBFUpWcv2EC?&gbpv=1&pg=PA45|page=45
+|passage=One of the most common night shifts is the 12 '''a.m.'''-to-8 '''a.m.''' shift.}}
+#* {{quote-book|en|year=2007|author=Khurana Rohit|title=Number Game 4|pageurl=https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Number_Game_4/RiiONnE6LKMC?gbpv=1&pg=PA144|page=144
+|passage=We never say 12 '''a.m.''' or 12 p.m. It's either 12 midnight or 12 noon, respectively.}}
+#* {{quote-book|en|year=2009|author=Robert Bill|title=Medical Mathematics and Dosage Calculations for Veterinary Professionals|pageurl=https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Medical_Mathematics_and_Dosage_Calculati/jsOtutlXsuwC?gbpv=1&pg=PA348|page=348
+|passage=The 12-hour clock uses '''A.M.''' for the morning hours of midnight (12:00 '''A.M.''') to almost noon (11:59 '''A.M.''') and the P.M. designation for the hours from noon (12:00 P.M.) to almost midnight (11:59 PM).}}
+#* {{quote-book|en|year=2015|author=Arhlene A. Flowers|title=Global Writing for Public Relations|pageurl=https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Global_Writing_for_Public_Relations/VcQ0CwAAQBAJ?&gbpv=1&pg=PT141|page=141
+|passage=The 12-hour clock, which is used in the U.S., Canada, and a few other countries, divides time into two cycles: '''a.m.''' (ante meridiem, Latin for before midday) from midnight, 12 '''a.m.''', to 11:59 '''a.m.'''; and p.m. (post meridiem, Latin for after midday) from noon, 12 p.m., to 11:59 p.m.}}
+#* {{quote-book|en|year=2021|author=Jukka Heinonen; Ortzi Akizu-Gardoki; Sanna Ala-Mantila|title=Energy Efficient Cities of Today and Tomorrow|pageurl=https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Energy_Efficient_Cities_of_Today_and_Tom/Fd4mEAAAQBAJ?gbpv=1&pg=PA196|page=196
+|passage=The following daylight peaks are identified around lunchtime, from 12 '''am''' to 1 pm, while for weekend days, the curve show several daylight peaks from 7 '''am''' to late lunchtime, around 1 pm.}}
+====Usage notes====
+* As seen in the quotes above, "12 a.m." has sometimes been used to mean either noon or midnight. However, the National Institute of Standards and Technology contends that those uses are incorrect.
+* Some argue that it should not be used in English as a noun meaning "morning" on account of the fact that it is an abbreviation for a Latin adverbial phrase.
 ====Synonyms====
@@ Line 28: / Line 45: @@
 ====Translations====
 {{trans-top|before noon}}
-* Arabic: {{t|ar|قَبْلَ الظُّهْر}}, {{t|ar|صَبَاحًا}}
+* Arabic: {{t|ar|قَبْلَ الظُّهْر}}, {{t|ar|صَبَاحًا}}, {{t+|ar|ص}} {{q|abbreviation}}
 * Chinese:
-*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|上午|tr=shàngwǔ|sc=Hani}}
+*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|上午|tr=shàngwǔ}}
 * Czech: {{t+|cs|dopoledne}}
 * Dutch: {{t+|nl|'s morgens}}, {{t+|nl|'s ochtends}}
-* Esperanto: {{t|eo|atm.}}
+* Esperanto: {{t|eo|atm.}}, {{t|eo|a.t.m.}}
-* Finnish: {{t+|fi|ap}}
+* Finnish: {{t+|fi|ap.}}, {{t+|fi|ap}}, {{t+|fi|e. pp.}}
-* French: {{t+|fr|matin|alt=du matin}}
+* French: {{t|fr|[[du]] [[matin]]}}, {{t+|fr|avant-midi}} {{qualifier|Canada, Belgium}}
 * German: {{t+|de|morgens}}, {{t+|de|vormittags}}
 * Greek: {{t+|el|π.μ.}} (p.m.)<!--sic-->
+* Haitian Creole: {{t|ht|di maten}}, {{t|ht|nan maten}}, {{t|ht|maten}}
 * Hindi: {{t|hi|सुबह के|sc=Deva}}
 * Icelandic: {{t+|is|árdegis}}, {{t+|is|fyrir hádegi}}, {{t+|is|f.h.}}, {{t|is|a.m.}}
 * Italian: {{t+check|it|mattina|alt=di mattina}} <!-- was "di [[mattina]]" - assumed inflected form or vocalised spelling; please verify if linking is acceptable. see [[User:Kephir/gadgets/xte#Translation_fixing]] -->
+* Japanese: {{t+|ja|午前|tr=ごぜん, gozen}}
-{{trans-mid}}
-* Japanese: {{t+|ja|午前|tr=gozen}}
+* Kazakh: {{t|kk|таң}}
-* Korean: {{t+|ko|오전}}
+* Korean: {{t+|ko|오전}}, {{t+|ko|오전|alt=오전에}}
-* Malay: {{t+|ms|pagi}}, {{t+|ms|pagi}}
+* Malay: {{t+|ms|pagi}}
+* Mongolian: {{t|mn|ҮӨ}}
 * Navajo: {{t|nv|abínígo neeznáágóó oolkiłgo|alt=abínígo neeznáágóó oolkiłgo...}} {{qualifier|10 a.m. in the future}}, {{t|nv|abínídą́ą́ʼ neeznáadi oolkił yę́ędą́ą́ʼ|alt=abínídą́ą́ʼ neeznáadi oolkił yę́ędą́ą́ʼ...}} {{qualifier|10 a.m. in the past}}
-* Persian: {{t|fa|ق.ظ}}
+* Persian: {{t+|fa|پیشین|tr=pišin}}, {{t|fa|پیش از نیمروز|tr=piš az nimruz}}, {{t|fa|ق.ظ}}
 * Polish: {{t|pl|[[przed]] [[południe]]m}}
 * Portuguese: {{t|pt|a.m.}}, {{t|pt|[[da]] [[manhã]]}}
-* Russian: {{t|ru|до полу́дня}}
+* Russian: {{t|ru|до полу́дня}}, {{t+|ru|но́чи}} {{qualifier|till 3 AM}}, {{t+|ru|утра́}} {{qualifier|after 3 AM}}
-* Spanish: {{t+|es|a. m.}}, {{t|es|[[de]] [[la]] [[mañana]]}}
+* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|m}}, {{t|gd|sa mhadainn}}
+* Spanish: {{t+|es|a. m.}}, {{t|es|AM}}, {{t|es|[[de]] [[la]] [[mañana]]}}
 * Swedish: {{t+|sv|fm}}
-* Tagalog: {{t-check|tl|n.u.}} <!-- "ng umaga" - to be put at target entry -->
+* Tagalog: {{t|tl|n.u.}}, {{t-check|tl|n.u.}} <!-- "ng umaga" - to be put at target entry -->
+* Tatar: {{t|tt|өйләгә кадәр}}, {{t|tt|төнге}}, {{t|tt|таңгы}}, {{t|tt|иртәнге}}
+* Tigrinya: {{t|ti|ንጉሆ ሰዓት}}
+* Turkish: {{t|tr|ÖÖ.}}
 * Urdu: {{t|ur|صبح کے|tr=subah ke|sc=ur-Arab}}
 * Welsh: {{t+|cy|y.b.}}
@@ Line 65: / Line 88: @@
 * {{anagrams|en|a=am|-ma-|M&A|M.A.|MA|Ma|ma}}
+{{C|en|Time}}
-[[Category:English terms spelled with .]]
-[[Category:en:Time]]
-----
 ==Dutch==
 ===Pronunciation===
-* {{audio|nl|Nl-a.m..ogg|Audio}}
+* {{audio|nl|Nl-a.m..ogg}}
-===Abbreviation===
+===Adverb===
-{{head|nl|abbreviation}}
+{{head|nl|adverb}}
 # {{abbreviation of|nl|amica manu}}: (delivered) by the hand of a friend (put on an address)
@@ Line 84: / Line 104: @@
 * {{l|nl|'s morgens}}
 * {{l|nl|'s ochtends}}
-----
 ==Portuguese==
 ===Adverb===
-{{pt-adv|-}}
+{{pt-adv|hascomp=no}}
 # {{l|en|a.m.}} {{gloss|before noon}}/{{gloss|antes do meio dia}} (Portuguese language)

a.m.: difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 01:38, 16 October 2024

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