View source for ablaut

{{also|Ablaut}}
==English==
{{wikipedia|Indo-European ablaut}}

===Etymology===
{{bor+|en|de|Ablaut|gloss=sound gradation}}, which is from {{m|de|ab-||}} or {{m|de|ab||down, off}}, + {{m|de|Laut||sound}}.<ref>{{cite-book|editor=Morris, William|title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language|year=1969|year_published=1971|publisher=American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc.|location=New York, NY|isbn=0-395-09066-0|page=3}}</ref> {{m|de||Ab}} is used here in the sense of “deviating, varying” as in {{m|de|Abgott||god other than the true God}}, {{m|de|Abart||different sort, variety, anomality}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈɑbˌlaʊt/|/ˈɑpˌlaʊt/|/ˈæbˌlaʊt/|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ablaut.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ablaut2.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{audio|en|en-ca-ablaut.ogg|a=CA}}
* {{rhymes|en|aʊt|s=2}}
* {{hyph|en|ab|lowt}}

===Noun===
{{examples|sense=|examples=
* {{m|en|get}} and {{m|en|got}}
* {{m|en|sing}} and {{m|en|song}}
* {{m|en|hang}} and {{m|en|hung}}
}}
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{lb|en|phonology}} The [[substitution]] of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding [[modification]] of use or meaning; vowel [[permutation]], distinct from the phonetic influence of a succeeding vowel. {{defdate|Mid 19<sup>th</sup> century.}}<ref name=SOED>{{R:SOED5|page=5}}</ref>
#: {{syn|en|alternation}}
#: {{hyper|en|gradation|apophony}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|en|ablauting}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|en|umlaut}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|substitution of one root vowel for another}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|ablaut}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|ձայնդարձ}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|абла́ут|m}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|kmenostup|m}}, {{t|cs|střída|f}}
* Danish: {{t|da|aflyd|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|ablaut|m}}, {{t|nl|klankwisseling|m}}, {{t+|nl|klinkerwisseling|m}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|avljóð|n}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|äännevaihtelu}}, {{t+|fi|ablaut}}
* French: {{t+|fr|apophonie|f}}
* Georgian: {{t+|ka|აბლაუტი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Ablaut|m}} ({{t|de|Vokalabstufung|f}})
* Greek: {{t+|el|μετάπτωση|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t|hu|tőhangváltás}}, {{t|hu|tőhangváltozás}}, {{t|hu|hangmásulás}}, {{t+|hu|ablaut}}, {{t|hu|apofónia}}, {{t+|hu|tőhangzóváltozás}}, {{t|hu|fokváltakozás}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|hljóðskipti|n-p}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|ablabht}}, {{t|ga|grádaíocht|f}}
* Italian: {{t|it|apofonia|f}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|모음 전환}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|ablauts}}
* Lithuanian: {{t+|lt|abliautas}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|przegłos|m}}, {{t|pl|alternacja|f}}, {{t|pl|apofonia|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|ablaut|m}}, {{t+|pt|apofonia|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|apofonie|f}}, {{t+|ro|ablaut|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|абла́ут|m}}, {{t+|ru|абля́ут|m}}, {{t+|ru|апофони́я|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|а̀блаут|m|sc=Cyrl}}, (''Ekavian and Ijekavian'') {{t|sh|пре́вој|m|sc=Cyrl}}, (''Ijekavian'') {{t|sh|прије́вој|m|sc=Cyrl}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|àblaut|m}}, (''Ekavian and Ijekavian'') {{t+|sh|prévoj|m}}, (''Ijekavian'') {{t+|sh|prijévoj|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|apofonía|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|avljud|n}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Vietnamese: {{t-check|vi|Aplau}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|intransitive|linguistics|of a vowel-containing linguistic component}} To undergo a change of vowel.
#* {{quote-book|en|title=Function and Form in the -áya-formations of the Rig Veda and ...|page=209|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3525262191|author=Stephanie W. Jamison|year=1983|passage=This root must once have '''ablauted''', given the associated nominal derivatives prthii- 'broad', prthivl- 'earth'. However, it does not '''ablaut''' at all in its verbal forms.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=Yupik Eskimo prosodic systems: descriptive and comparative studies|page=241|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0933769377|author=Michael E. Krauss|year=1985|passage=What we find is that one cannot predict which members of V a given member of E will cause to '''ablaut'''}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=Catching language: the standing challenge of grammar writing|page=536|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3110186039|author=Felix K. Ameka; Alan Charles Dench; Nicholas Evans|year=2006|passage=It is these co-opted verbs that tend to '''ablaut''' variably in the different Dakotan dialects and that forced morphological restructuring}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=Relative Clauses in Languages of the Americas: A Typological Overview|page=219|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=902720683X|author=w:Bernard Comrie; Zarina Estrada Fernández|year=2012|passage=This allomorph also causes the back vowel to '''ablaut''' to a low vowel.}}
# {{lb|en|transitive|linguistics}} To cause to change a vowel.

====Derived terms====
*{{l|en|unablauted}}

===See also===
* {{pedia|Apophony}}

===References===
<references/>

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aabltu|Butala|tabula}}

==Afrikaans==

===Etymology===
From {{der|af|nl|ablaut}}, borrowed from {{der|af|de|Ablaut}}, from {{prefix|de|ab|Laut|nocat=1}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{hyphenation|af|ab|laut}}

===Noun===
{{af-noun|e|}}

# {{lb|af|linguistics}} {{l|en|ablaut}}

==Finnish==

===Etymology===
From {{bor|fi|de|Ablaut}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{fi-pronunciation}}

===Noun===
{{fi-noun}}

# {{lb|fi|linguistics}} [[#English|ablaut]]

====Declension====
{{fi-decl-risti|ablaut|||a|i=0}}

==Hungarian==
{{wp|tőhangváltás|lang=hu}}

===Etymology===
{{bor+|hu|de|Ablaut|t=ablaut}}.<ref>{{R:TotfalusiEty 2005}}</ref>

===Pronunciation===
* {{hu-IPA}}
* {{hyphenation|hu|ab|laut}}<ref>{{R:OsirisHelyes 2006|426}}</ref>
* {{rhymes|hu|ut|s=3}}

===Noun===
{{hu-noun|ok}}

# {{lb|hu|phonology}} {{l|en|ablaut}} {{gloss|substitution of one root vowel for another}}
#: {{syn|hu|apofónia|tőhangváltás|tőhangváltozás|tőhangzóváltás|tőhangzóváltozás}}

====Declension====
{{hu-infl-nom|ablauto|o}}{{hu-pos-otok|ablaut|j|jai}}

===References===
<references/>

==Indonesian==

===Etymology===
From {{bor|id|en|ablaut}}, from {{der|id|de|Ablaut|gloss=sound gradation}}, which is from {{m|de|ab-||}} or {{m|de|ab||down, off}}, + {{m|de|Laut||sound}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{id-pr}}

===Noun===
{{head|id|noun}}

# [[ablaut#English|ablaut]] {{gl|substitution of one root vowel for another}}

===See also===
* {{l|id|umlaut}}

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|lang=id}}
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

{{c|id|Linguistics|Phonology}}

==Portuguese==

===Noun===
{{pt-noun|m|#s}}

# {{lb|pt|linguistics}} {{l|en|ablaut}} {{gloss|substitution of one root vowel for another}}

==Romanian==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ro|de|Ablaut}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ro|/ˈab.lawt/}}

===Noun===
{{ro-noun|n|uri}}

# {{l|en|ablaut}}
#: {{syn|ro|apofonie}}

====Declension====
{{ro-noun-n-uri}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:DEX}}

==Serbo-Croatian==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|sh|de|Ablaut}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|sh|/ǎblaut/}}

===Noun===
{{sh-noun|g=m|head=àblaut}}

# {{lb|sh|linguistics}} {{l|en|ablaut}} {{gloss|substitution of one root vowel for another}}
#: {{syn|sh|prévoj|prijévoj}}

====Declension====
{{sh-decl-noun
|àblaut|ablauti
|ablauta|ablauta
|ablautu|ablautima
|ablaut|ablaute
|ablaute|ablauti
|ablautu|ablautima
|ablautom|ablautima
}}