توان
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See also: ثوان
Malay
[edit]Noun
[edit]توان (plural توان-توان or توان۲, informal 1st possessive توانکو, 2nd possessive توانمو, 3rd possessive توانڽ)
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (twbʾn' /tuwān/, “might; power”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell, grow, become strong”). Compare Sanskrit तवस् (tavas, “force, power”), Avestan 𐬙𐬎𐬙𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (tutauua, “to be able”), Proto-Slavic *tỳti (“to become fat”), Ancient Greek σῶς (sôs, “safe and sound”). Note that the verb is from the noun, not the other way around.
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [tu.ˈwɑːn], [ta.ˈwɑːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰæ.vɒ́ːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰä.vɔ́n]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | tuwān, tawān |
Dari reading? | tawān |
Iranian reading? | tavân |
Tajik reading? | tavon |
Noun
[edit]توان • (tavân)
- power, stamina
- ability, competence
- Synonym: توانایی (tavânâyi)
- فراتر از توانم نمیتوانم تلاش کنم.
- farâtar az tavân-am ne-mi-tavânam talâš konam.
- I can't try beyond my ability.
- (physics, engineering) power
- (mathematics) exponent
Derived terms
[edit]Pronunciation 2
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [tu.ˈwɑːn], [ta.ˈwɑːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰä.vɔ́n]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | tuwān, tawān |
Dari reading? | tawān |
Iranian reading? | tavân |
Tajik reading? | tavon |
Verb
[edit]توان • (tavân)
References
[edit]- Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 386-7
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “توان”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- Vullers, Johann August (1855) “توان”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum[1] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 475a
- Wolff, Fritz (1935) Glossar zu Firdosis Schahname[2] (in German), Berlin: Reichsdruckerei, page 250b
Categories:
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- Malay terms in Arabic script
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
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- Persian lemmas
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- fa:Physics
- fa:Engineering
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- Persian non-lemma forms
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