سلاح

Arabic

Etymology

From the root س ل ح (s-l-ḥ). Cognate with Hebrew שֶׁלַח (shélach, “dagger, short sword”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si.laːħ/
  • (Moroccan) IPA^(key): /slaːħ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

سِلَاح • (silāḥ) m (plural أَسْلِحَة (ʔasliḥa))

1. weapon, arm
   • 2020 December 10, Al Jazeera‎^[1], archived from the original on 4 January 2021:

     مَدَّدَتِ ٱلْحُكُومَةُ ٱلْأَلْمَانِيَّةُ […] ٱلْحَظْرَ ٱلْمَفْرُوضَ عَلَى تَصْدِيرِ ٱلْأَسْلِحَةِ لِلْمَمْلَكَةِ ٱلْعَرَبِيَّةِ ٱلسَّعُودِيَّةِ حَتَّى نِهَايَةِ عَامِ 2021، وَذَٰلِكَ لِلْخَوْفِ مِنِ ٱسْتِخْدَامِ ٱلسِّلَاحِ فِي ٱلْحَرْبِ ٱلَّتِي تَقُودُهَا ٱلْمَمْلَكَةُ فِي ٱلْيَمَنِ.

     maddadati l-ḥukūmatu l-ʔalmāniyyatu […] l-ḥaẓra l-mafrūḍa ʕalā taṣdīri l-ʔasliḥati lilmamlakati l-ʕarabiyyati s-saʕūdiyyati ḥattā nihāyati ʕāmi 2021, waḏālika lilḵawfi mini stiḵdāmi s-silāḥi fī l-ḥarbi llatī taqūduhā l-mamlakatu fī l-yamani.

     The German government has decided to extend the ban on exporting weapons to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia till the end of 2021, fearing the weapons’ use in the war the Kingdom wages in Yemen.

2. branch of the armed forces
3. armor
4. steel claw
5. plowshare

Declension

Declension of noun سِلَاح (silāḥ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِلَاح silāḥ	السِّلَاح as-silāḥ	سِلَاح silāḥ
Nominative	سِلَاحٌ silāḥun	السِّلَاحُ as-silāḥu	سِلَاحُ silāḥu
Accusative	سِلَاحًا silāḥan	السِّلَاحَ as-silāḥa	سِلَاحَ silāḥa
Genitive	سِلَاحٍ silāḥin	السِّلَاحِ as-silāḥi	سِلَاحِ silāḥi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِلَاحَيْن silāḥayn	السِّلَاحَيْن as-silāḥayn	سِلَاحَيْ silāḥay
Nominative	سِلَاحَانِ silāḥāni	السِّلَاحَانِ as-silāḥāni	سِلَاحَا silāḥā
Accusative	سِلَاحَيْنِ silāḥayni	السِّلَاحَيْنِ as-silāḥayni	سِلَاحَيْ silāḥay
Genitive	سِلَاحَيْنِ silāḥayni	السِّلَاحَيْنِ as-silāḥayni	سِلَاحَيْ silāḥay
Plural	broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَسْلِحَة ʔasliḥa	الْأَسْلِحَة al-ʔasliḥa	أَسْلِحَة ʔasliḥat
Nominative	أَسْلِحَةٌ ʔasliḥatun	الْأَسْلِحَةُ al-ʔasliḥatu	أَسْلِحَةُ ʔasliḥatu
Accusative	أَسْلِحَةً ʔasliḥatan	الْأَسْلِحَةَ al-ʔasliḥata	أَسْلِحَةَ ʔasliḥata
Genitive	أَسْلِحَةٍ ʔasliḥatin	الْأَسْلِحَةِ al-ʔasliḥati	أَسْلِحَةِ ʔasliḥati

Descendants

• → Armenian: սիլահ (silah)
• → Azerbaijani: silah
• → Ottoman Turkish: سلاح (silah)
  • Turkish: silah
  • Crimean Tatar: silâ
  • → Albanian: silah
  • → Aromanian: sileahe, sileafe, șileahe, cileahe
  • → Bulgarian: силя́х (siljáh)
  • → Greek: σιλάχι (siláchi)
  • → Romanian: sileah, sileaf, seleaf
  • → Serbo-Croatian:
    • Cyrillic script: сѝла̄х
    • Latin script: sìlāh
• → Persian: سلاح (selâh), سلیح (selêh) (archaic)
  • → Urdu: سلاح (silā)
• → Swahili: silaha

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic سِلَاح (silāḥ).

Noun

سلاح • (silah) (plural اسلحه)

1. weapon, arms

   سفربرلك وار
   عسكر اولانلر سلاح آلتنه
   سفربرلكك برنجی گنی [...]در

   seferberlik var
   asker olanlar silah altına
   seferberliğin birinci günü [...]dır

   There is mobilization!
   Soldiers under the arms!
   First day of mobilization is [...]

Derived terms

• سلاحدار (silahdar)
• سلاحشور (silahşor)
• سلاحلی (silahlı)
• مسلح (musallah)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: silah
• Crimean Tatar: silâ
• → Albanian: silah
• → Aromanian: sileahe, sileafe, șileahe, cileahe
• → Bulgarian: силя́х (siljáh)
• → Greek: σιλάχι (siláchi)
• → Romanian: sileah, sileaf, seleaf
• → Serbo-Croatian:
  • Cyrillic script: сѝла̄х
  • Latin script: sìlāh

References

• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “سلاح”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[2], Vienna, column 2647
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سلاح”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[3], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1069
• Поленаковиќ, Харалампие (2007) “sileáhe”, in Зузана Тополињска, Петар Атанасов, editors, Турските елементи во ароманскиот [Turskite elementi vo aromanskiot]‎^[4], put into Macedonian from the author’s Serbo-Croatian Turski elementi u aromunskom dijalektu (1939, unpublished) by Веселинка Лаброска, Скопје: Македонска академија на науките и уметностите [Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite], →ISBN, page 174

Persian

Alternative forms

• سلیح (selêh) (archaic)

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سِلَاح (silāḥ).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [si.lɑːh]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sɪ.lɑːʱ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sɪ.lɑːʱ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sɪ.lɑː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [si.lɔː]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [se.lɒːʱ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [si.lɔʱ]

Readings
Classical reading?	silāh
Dari reading?	silāh
Iranian reading?	selâh
Tajik reading?	siloh

Noun

سِلاح • (selâh) (plural سلاح‌ها (selâh-hâ) or اسلحه (aslahe))

1. weapon

   Synonyms: جنگ‌افزار (jang-afzâr), یراق (yarâq)

Descendants

• → Urdu: سلاح (silā)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سلاح (silāh), from Arabic سِلَاح (silāḥ).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /sɪ.lɑː/

Noun

سِلاح • (silāh) f (formal plural اسلحہ, Hindi spelling सिला)

1. weapon
2. arms
3. armor