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فرض

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Arabic

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Etymology 1

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Root
ف ر ض (f r ḍ)
10 terms

Verb

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فَرَضَ (faraḍa) I (non-past يَفْرِضُ (yafriḍu), verbal noun فَرْض (farḍ))

  1. to ordain
  2. to make obligatory, to oblige
    • 2004, عَلِيّ شَرِيعَتِي (ʕaliyy šarīʕatī), translated by هادي السيد ياسين, النباهة والاستحمار, دار الأمير:
      إِنَّ أَكْبَرَ قِيَمِ الإِنْسَانِ هِيَ تِلْكَ الَّتِي يَبْدَأُ مِنْهَا (بِالرَّفْضِ) وَ(عَدَمِ التَّسْلِيمِ) اللَّذَيْنِ يَتَلَخَّصَانِ بِكَلِمَةِ (لَا) وَمِنْهَا بَدَأَ آدَمٌ أَبُو البَشَرِ.. أُمِرَ أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الثَّمَرَةِ، لٰكِنَّهُ اَكَلَ، فَصَارَ بَعْدَئِذٍ بَشَرًا وَهَبَطَ إِلَىٰ الأَرْضِ، وِإِلَّا لَكَانَ مَلَكًا لَا مِيزَةَ لَهُ، وَلَصَارَ غَيْرُهُ آدَمَ وَلَفُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ أَمَامَهُ، لَكِنَّهُ تَمَرَّدَ فَصَارَ آدَم.
      ʔinna ʔakbara qiyami l-ʔinsāni hiya tilka llatī yabdaʔu minhā (bi-r-rafḍi) wa(ʕadami t-taslīmi) al-laḏayni yatalaḵḵaṣāni bikalimati (lā) waminhā badaʔa ʔādamun ʔabū l-bašari.. ʔumira ʔan lā yaʔkula min tilka ṯ-ṯamarati, lākinnahu akala, faṣāra baʕdaʔiḏin bašaran wahabaṭa ʔilā l-ʔarḍi, wiʔillā lakāna malakan lā mīzata lahu, walaṣāra ḡayruhu ʔādama walafuriḍa ʕalayhi ʔan yasjuda ʔamāmahu, lakinnahu tamarrada faṣāra ʔādam.
      For sure the biggest human value is that from which s/he begings by "refusing" and "not consenting" that are summarised in the word "no" and from it began Adam the father of humanity.. He had been ordered not to eat from that fruit, but he ate, and henceforth he became a human and landed on Earth, if he had not he would have been an angel with no distinguishing feature, and someone else would have become Adam and he would have been obliged to prostrate before him, but he rebelled and so he became Adam.
  3. to impose
Conjugation
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Verb

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فَرَّضَ (farraḍa) II (non-past يُفَرِّضُ (yufarriḍu), verbal noun تَفْرِيض (tafrīḍ))

  1. to notch, to make incisions in
Conjugation
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Etymology 2

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Noun

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فَرْض (farḍm (plural فُرُوض (furūḍ))

  1. verbal noun of فَرَضَ (faraḍa) (form I)
  2. duty
Declension
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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Malay

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Noun

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فرض (plural فرض-فرض or فرض۲, informal 1st possessive فرضکو, 2nd possessive فرضمو, 3rd possessive فرضڽ)

  1. Jawi spelling of fardu‎.

Persian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic فَرْض (farḍ).

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? farz
Dari reading? farz
Iranian reading? farz
Tajik reading? farz

Noun

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فرض (farz) (plural فرض‌ها (farz-hâ))

  1. hypothesis, supposition
  2. presumption, supposition
  3. obligation, duty, must
  4. (Islam) fard, religious duty

Adjective

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Dari فرض
Iranian Persian
Tajik фарз

فرض (farz)

  1. essential, obligatory

Derived terms

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Descendants

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See also

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South Levantine Arabic

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Root
ف ر ض
2 terms

Etymology

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From Arabic فَرَضَ (faraḍa).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /fa.radˤ/, [ˈfɑ.rˤɑdˤ]
  • Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

Verb

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فرض (faraḍ) I (present بفرض (bifriḍ))

  1. to assume, to stipulate
  2. to impose

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of فرض (faraḍ)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m فرضت (faraḍt) فرضت (faraḍt) فرض (faraḍ) فرضنا (faraḍna) فرضتو (faraḍtu) فرضو (faraḍu)
f فرضتي (faraḍti) فرضت (farḍat)
present m بفرض (bafriḍ) بتفرض (btifriḍ) بفرض (bifriḍ) منفرض (mnifriḍ) بتفرضو (btifriḍu) بفرضو (bifriḍu)
f بتفرضي (btifriḍi) بتفرض (btifriḍ)
subjunctive m أفرض (ʔafriḍ) تفرض (tifriḍ) يفرض (yifriḍ) نفرض (nifriḍ) تفرضو (tifriḍu) يفرضو (yifriḍu)
f تفرضي (tifriḍi) تفرض (tifriḍ)
imperative m افرض (ifriḍ) افرضو (ifriḍu)
f افرضي (ifriḍi)

Urdu

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Etymology

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First attested in c. 1534[1] as Middle Hindi فرض (farz), borrowed from Classical Persian فَرْض (farz), from Arabic فَرْض (farḍ).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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فَرْض (farz) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling फ़र्ज़)

  1. obligatory; compulsory

Noun

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فَرْض (farzm (formal plural فَرَائِض (farāiz), Hindi spelling फ़र्ज़)

  1. duty (ie. responsibility)
  2. moral obligation
  3. (chiefly Jurisprudence) a compulsory; mandatory act
  4. (religion) fard, a religious duty or a divine command
  5. (by extension, Islam) the fard prayer
  6. right (often moral but not limited to, also legal)
  7. (by extension) rightful inheritance (ie. the right of inheritors to inherit the deceased's wealth)
  8. supposition

Declension

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    Declension of فرض
singular plural
direct فَرْض (farz) فَرْض (farz)
oblique فَرْض (farz) فَرْضوں (farzõ)
vocative فَرْض (farz) فَرْضو (farzo)

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ فرض”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

Further reading

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  • فرض”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “فرض”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
  • Platts, John T. (1884) “فرض”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
  • S. W. Fallon (1879) “فرض”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
  • John Shakespear (1834) “فرض”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC