सर्व

See also: स्रव

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सर्व (sárva). Doublet of सब (sab) and हर (har).

Adjective

सर्व • (sarv) (indeclinable)

1. (formal or in compounds) whole, entire, all, every

   Synonyms: सब (sab), सारा (sārā), पूरा (pūrā), पूर्ण (pūrṇ)

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “सर्व-”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सर्व (sárva).

Adjective

सर्व • (sarva)

1. whole, entire, all, every

   सर्वजण

   sarvajaṇ

   everyone

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “सर्व”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “सर्व”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• সৰ্ব (Assamese script)
• ᬲᬃᬯ (Balinese script)
• সর্ব (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰨𑰿𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑀭𑁆𑀯 (Brahmi script)
• သရွ (Burmese script)
• સર્વ (Gujarati script)
• ਸਰ੍ਵ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑌰𑍍𑌵 (Grantha script)
• ꦱꦂꦮ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂩𑂹𑂫 (Kaithi script)
• ಸರ್ವ (Kannada script)
• សវ៌ (Khmer script)
• ສຣ຺ວ (Lao script)
• സര്വ (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᠠᡵᠣᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘨𑘿𑘪 (Modi script)
• ᠰᠠᠷᢦ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧈𑧠𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑐬𑑂𑐰 (Newa script)
• ସର୍ଵ (Odia script)
• ꢱꢬ꣄ꢮ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑆫𑇀𑆮 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖨𑖿𑖪 (Siddham script)
• සර්‍ව (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁𑩼 𑪙𑩾 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚤𑚶𑚦 (Takri script)
• ஸர்வ (Tamil script)
• సర్వ (Telugu script)
• สรฺว (Thai script)
• ས་རྭ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑒩𑓂𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑨫𑩇𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sárwas (“whole, all, entire”), from Proto-Indo-European *sólh₂wos (“whole”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (ha^uruua), Old Persian 𐏃𐎽𐎺 (h-ru-v /⁠haruva⁠/) (whence Persian هر (har)), Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole”), Latin sollus, Albanian gjallë.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐ́ɾ.ʋɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪ɐɾ.ʋɐ/

Adjective

सर्व • (sárva) stem

1. whole, entire, all, every
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.51.9:

     तव॑ प्रया॒जा अ॑नुया॒जाश् च॒ केव॑ल॒ ऊर्ज॑स्वन्तो ह॒विष॑: सन्तु भा॒गाः।
     तवा॑ग्ने य॒ज्ञो॒३॒॑ऽयम॑स्तु॒ सर्व॒स् तुभ्यं॑ नमन्तां प्र॒दिश॒श् चत॑स्रः॥

     táva prayājā́ anuyājā́ś ca kévala ū́rjasvanto havíṣa: santu bhāgā́ḥ.
     távāgne yajñòʼyámastu sárvas túbhyaṃ namantāṃ pradíśaś cátasraḥ.

     Yours be the first oblations and the latter, entire, your forceful share of holy presents.
     Let all this sacrifice be yours, O Agni, and let the world's four regions bow before you.

2. of all sorts, manifold, various, different
3. altogether, wholly, completely, in all parts, everywhere

Declension

Masculine pronominal a-stem declension of सर्व (sárva)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सर्वः sárvaḥ	सर्वौ / सर्वा¹ sárvau / sárvā¹	सर्वे sárve
Vocative	सर्व sárva	सर्वौ / सर्वा¹ sárvau / sárvā¹	सर्वे sárve
Accusative	सर्वम् sárvam	सर्वौ / सर्वा¹ sárvau / sárvā¹	सर्वान् sárvān
Instrumental	सर्वेण sárveṇa	सर्वाभ्याम् sárvābhyām	सर्वैः / सर्वेभिः¹ sárvaiḥ / sárvebhiḥ¹
Dative	सर्वस्मै sárvasmai	सर्वाभ्याम् sárvābhyām	सर्वेभ्यः sárvebhyaḥ
Ablative	सर्वस्मात् sárvasmāt	सर्वाभ्याम् sárvābhyām	सर्वेभ्यः sárvebhyaḥ
Genitive	सर्वस्य sárvasya	सर्वयोः sárvayoḥ	सर्वेषाम् sárveṣām
Locative	सर्वस्मिन् sárvasmin	सर्वयोः sárvayoḥ	सर्वेषु sárveṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine pronominal ā-stem declension of सर्वा (sárvā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सर्वा sárvā	सर्वे sárve	सर्वाः sárvāḥ
Vocative	सर्वे sárve	सर्वे sárve	सर्वाः sárvāḥ
Accusative	सर्वाम् sárvām	सर्वे sárve	सर्वाः sárvāḥ
Instrumental	सर्वया / सर्वा¹ sárvayā / sárvā¹	सर्वाभ्याम् sárvābhyām	सर्वाभिः sárvābhiḥ
Dative	सर्वस्यै sárvasyai	सर्वाभ्याम् sárvābhyām	सर्वाभ्यः sárvābhyaḥ
Ablative	सर्वस्याः sárvasyāḥ	सर्वाभ्याम् sárvābhyām	सर्वाभ्यः sárvābhyaḥ
Genitive	सर्वस्याः sárvasyāḥ	सर्वयोः sárvayoḥ	सर्वासाम् sárvāsām
Locative	सर्वस्याम् sárvasyām	सर्वयोः sárvayoḥ	सर्वासु sárvāsu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter pronominal a-stem declension of सर्व (sárva)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सर्वम् sárvam	सर्वे sárve	सर्वाणि / सर्वा¹ sárvāṇi / sárvā¹
Vocative	सर्व sárva	सर्वे sárve	सर्वाणि / सर्वा¹ sárvāṇi / sárvā¹
Accusative	सर्वम् sárvam	सर्वे sárve	सर्वाणि / सर्वा¹ sárvāṇi / sárvā¹
Instrumental	सर्वेण sárveṇa	सर्वाभ्याम् sárvābhyām	सर्वैः / सर्वेभिः¹ sárvaiḥ / sárvebhiḥ¹
Dative	सर्वस्मै sárvasmai	सर्वाभ्याम् sárvābhyām	सर्वेभ्यः sárvebhyaḥ
Ablative	सर्वस्मात् sárvasmāt	सर्वाभ्याम् sárvābhyām	सर्वेभ्यः sárvebhyaḥ
Genitive	सर्वस्य sárvasya	सर्वयोः sárvayoḥ	सर्वेषाम् sárveṣām
Locative	सर्वस्मिन् sárvasmin	सर्वयोः sárvayoḥ	सर्वेषु sárveṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• सर्वधारी (sarvadhārī)

Borrowed terms

• → Hindi: सर्व (sarv)
• → Marathi: सर्व (sarva)
• → Tamil: சர்வம் (carvam), சருவம் (caruvam)
• → Telugu: సర్వము (sarvamu)

Descendants

• Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯 (savva)
  • Awadhi: सब (sab)
• Dardic:
  • Grangali: [script needed] (ṣōka)
  • Kalami: [script needed] (sō), [script needed] (sūo)
  • Khowar: سف (saf)
  • Shumashti: [script needed] (šauke)
  • Torwali: سوو (sōw)
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Sinhalese: සව (sawa), හව (hawa)
• Kholosi: sāf
• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯 (savva)
  • Assamese: সব (xobo)
  • Bengali: সব্ব (śobbo), সব (śobo), সপ (śop)
  • Bihari:
    • Bhojpuri: सभ (sabh)
    • Maithili: सब (sab), सभ (sabh)
  • Odia: ସବୋ (sabo)
• Pali: sabba
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯 (savva)
  • Garhwali: सब (sab)
  • Hindustani:

    Hindi: सब (sab)

    Urdu: سب (sab)

  • Kumaoni: सब (sab)
  • Nepali: सब (sab)
  • Old Gujarati: सव (sava)
    • Gujarati: સહુ (sahu), સૌ (sau), સવ (sav)
  • Punjabi: ਸਭ (sabh)
  • Romani: savoro, saro
  • Sindhi: सभु (sabhu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “सर्व”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1184/3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 711
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sárva”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press