–

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See also: ‐ [U+2010 HYPHEN], - [U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS], − [U+2212 MINUS SIGN], — [U+2014 EM DASH], ― [U+2015 HORIZONTAL BAR], and 一 [U+4E00 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E00]

– U+2013, –
EN DASH
← ‒
[U+2012] 		General Punctuation — →
[U+2014]
Character variations
︲ U+FE32, ︲
PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL EN DASH
← ︱
[U+FE31] 		CJK Compatibility Forms ︳ →
[U+FE33]

Translingual

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Punctuation mark

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– (English name en dash) (Alt + 0150)

  1. Indicates ranges.
    6–10 years ― six to ten years
  2. Indicates items in a list.
    Things to buy:
    – Toilet paper
    – Towels
  3. Indicates a quotation or a line of dialogue.
    – Could you direct me to the bus station?
    – It's just on your right at the end of the road.

Quotations

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For quotations using this term, see Citations:–.

See also

[edit]
quotation marks and quotation dashes by language (edit)
quotation marks - all matched-pairs
quotation marks and quotation dashes - all single characters
  • Curved double quotation marks: “ · ” · „ · ‟
  • Curved single quotation marks and apostrophes: ‘ · ’ · ‚ · ‛
  • Straight double quotation mark: "
  • Straight single quotation mark and apostrophe: '
  • Prime quotation marks: 〝 · 〞 · 〟
  • Guillemets: « · »
  • Single guillemets: ‹ · ›
  • Corner brackets: 「 · 」 · 『 · 』
  • Quotation dashes: — (em dash) · ― (horizontal bar) · – (en dash)

Punctuation

English

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Symbol

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–

  1. Used in a compound term when the constituent parts are already hyphenated.
    high-priority–high-pressure tasks
  2. Used to hide letters
    G–d for God
  3. Used to connect compound terms with the sense of "to" or to show a relationship
    The Boston–Washington race
    blood–brain barrier
  4. Used to connect a spaced or hyphenated term.
    • 2005, Tara Ariano, Adam Sternbergh, “The Suburbs”, in Hey! It’s That Guy!: The Fametracker.com Guide to Character Actors, Philadelphia, Pa.: Quirk Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, section “Celia Weston: Hey! It’s That Vintage Southern Belle/Lockjawed New England Matriarch!”, page 212:
      The last of these, [K-PAX,] in fact, is practically a parody of all blowsy Southern dames; [Celia] Weston plays a Miss Havisham–esque hospital inmate who, in her dementia, still makes up her face and puts on her costume jewelry and sets her table as if eternally expecting a gentleman caller.
    • 2006, Alison Culliford, Night+Day Paris (Cool Cities), Pulse Guides, →ISBN, page 59:
      The glass doors open and you are greeted by a walkie-talkie–carrying personal assistant in a Star Trek–ish designer black tracksuit who whisks you to a pod seating booth in the bar.
    • 2008 September 17, Kimberly Chun, “No castaways here: We drool over these Treasure Island jewels”, in The San Francisco Bay Guardian, volume 42, number 51, section “Mike Relm”, page 28:
      With Reservoir Dogs–like skinny-tie suavitude and fleet fingers on his editing gear, the SF mix-maestro mashes up songs and sights with the smarts of a pop-cultie compulsive. Can we expect more of the same Clown Alley–style burger-’n’-vino fun with Spectacle, his studio debut on his own Radio Fryer label?
    • 2014 April 15, Zandria F[elice] Robinson, “Post-Soul Blues”, in This Ain’t Chicago: Race, Class, and Regional Identity in the Post-Soul South, Chapel Hill, N.C.: The University of North Carolina Press, →ISBN, page 78:
      Further, this socialization implores black Memphians to strive to challenge the increasingly complex structural inequalities of race and class in the post–civil rights era.
    • 2017, Holly Hughes, Best Food Writing 2017:
      Then it’s filled egg roll–style with Mexican rice, beans (black, pinto, sometimes refried), salsa, and some chopped or shredded meat (carnitas, grilled or stewed chicken, carne asada, or offally things like tongue, chitterlings, or brains).
    • 2018, Dotty Griffith, The Ultimate Tortilla Press Cookbook, page 116:
      The Tex-Mex–style chalupas I’m most familiar with are built on flat, crisp-fried corn tortillas.
    • 2020, Shawn Stevenson, Eat Smarter: Use the Power of Food to Reboot Your Metabolism, Upgrade Your Brain, and Transform Your Life, Little, Brown Spark, published 2021, →ISBN:
      Plus, today there is a wide array of nondairy yogurt options, from coconut milk to oat milk–based, and more.

Synonyms

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  • (hide letters): ‐ (hyphen)

German

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Symbol

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–

  1. Used to replace two zeroes after the decimal point in monetary values in running text (in tables, the em dash — is used).
    Dieses Gerät kostet 12,– DM.
  2. Used to replace a zero before the decimal point, i. e. for monetary values below 1.
    Diese Packung Milch kostet –,89 DM.

Hungarian

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Etymology

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First recognized in the 10th edition of A magyar helyesírás szabályai (“The rules of Hungarian orthography”) in 1954.

Punctuation mark

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–

  1. The nagykötőjel, used to connect words or parts of words:[1]
    1. Used to connect proper nouns to indicate an occasional (non-fixed) relationship.
      1. Used to connect names of multiple people (e.g. authors of a work) in a coordinative compound.
        Merriam–Webster-szótár ― Merriam–Webster dictionary
        Guillain–Barré-szindróma ― Guillain–Barré syndrome
      2. Used to connect proper nouns to indicate a “between” relationship.
        Budapest–Bécs-járat ― Budapest–Vienna line
    2. Used to connect names of peoples or languages to indicate an occasional relationship.
      lett–litván határ ― Latvian–Lithuanian border
      angol–magyar zsebszótár ― English–Hungarian pocket dictionary
    3. Used to connect names of academic programs or degrees.
      földrajz–történelem szak ― Geography and History program
    4. Used to connect terms to indicate a “from ... to ...” relationship, i.e., a range between a starting point and an endpoint (e.g. in time or space).
      a 16–19. században ― in the 16th–19th centuries
      az október–decemberi időszakban ― in the October–December period
      1848–49-es forradalom és szabadságharc ― Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence of 1848–1849
      100–104. oldal ― pages 100–104
    5. Used in names of types of machines containing numbers.
      Apollo–11 ― Apollo 11
    6. (sometimes proscribed) Used in scientific literature to connect terms to indicate a “between” relationship or a combination of things.
      vér–agy gát ― blood–brain barrier
      izoniazid–rifampicin–pirazinamid–etambutol kezelés ― isoniazid-rifampicin-pyrazinamide-ethambutol therapy

References

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  1. ^ Laczkó, Krisztina with Attila Mártonfi (2006) Helyesírás [Orthography], Budapest: Osiris Kiadó, →ISBN, pages 353–354

Further reading

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Lithuanian

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Lithuanian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia lt

Punctuation mark

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– (–)

  1. Indicates zero (omission) of the present tense of būti.
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