いい
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ii"
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Alternative spellings |
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良い 善い 好い |
⟨yo2si⟩ → */jəsi/ → /joɕi/ → /joki/ → */joɣi/ → /joi/ → */jiː/ → /iː/
Ultimately a shift from 良い (yoi), classical 良し (yoshi).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「いい」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Continuative (連用形) | よく | よく | [yóꜜkù] |
Terminal (終止形) | いい | いい | [íꜜì] |
Attributive (連体形) | いい | いい | [íꜜì] |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | よくない | よくない | [yóꜜkùnàì] |
Informal past | よかった | よかった | [yóꜜkàttà] |
Informal negative past | よくなかった | よくなかった | [yóꜜkùnàkàttà] |
Formal | いいです | いいです | [íꜜìdèsù] |
Conjunctive | よくて | よくて | [yóꜜkùtè] |
Conditional | よければ | よければ | [yóꜜkèrèbà] |
Adjective
[edit]いい • (ii) -i (adverbial よく (yoku))
- (colloquial, informal) good
- (colloquial, predicative only) enough, not wanted any more
- (ても~, て~) Indicates permission; can, may
Usage notes
[edit]- Most often written in this form. The kanji spelling 良い is generally reserved for more formal writing.
- This form does not inflect — it is only used in the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) and 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of ii. All other grammatical forms are based on 良い (yoi). Compare the 連用形 (ren’yōkei, “continuative or adverbial form”) yoku or the 過去形 (kakokei, “past tense”) yokatta; there is no *iku or *ikatta form.
- In ironic usages denoting “very bad” or “embarrassing”, this form is preferred to the yoi form.
Inflection
[edit]
Inflection of いい
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | よかろ | yokaro | |
Continuative (連用形) | よく | yoku | |
Terminal (終止形) | いい | ii | |
Attributive (連体形) | いい | ii | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | よけれ | yokere | |
Imperative (命令形) | よかれ | yokare | |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | よくない | yoku nai | |
Informal past | よかった | yokatta | |
Informal negative past | よくなかった | yoku nakatta | |
Formal | いいです | ii desu | |
Formal negative | よくないです | yoku nai desu | |
Formal past | よかったです | yokatta desu | |
Formal negative past | よくなかったです | yoku nakatta desu | |
Conjunctive | よくて | yokute | |
Conditional | よければ | yokereba | |
Provisional | よかったら | yokattara | |
Volitional | よかろう | yokarō | |
Adverbial | よく | yoku | |
Degree | よさ | yosa |
Derived terms
[edit]- 頭がいい (atama ga ii)
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]- stem or continuative form of いう (iu) [godan]
Etymology 3
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of いい – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, いい (ī), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) For a list of all kanji read as いい, see Category:Japanese kanji read as いい.) |
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese い-i adjectives
- Japanese hiragana
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- Japanese informal terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese non-lemma forms
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