卒業

See also: 卒业

Chinese

		to finish	business; occupation; study
trad. (卒業)		卒	業
simp. (卒业)		卒	业
alternative forms		出業／出业 Min Nan

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zúyè

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨˊ ㄧㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zeot¹ jip⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chut-ngia̍p
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chut-gia̍p
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷tseq-gniq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zúyè
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨˊ ㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zúyè
    • Wade–Giles: tsu²-yeh⁴
    • Yale: dzú-yè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzwuyeh
    • Palladius: цзуе (czuje)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su³⁵ jɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zeot¹ jip⁶
    • Yale: jēut yihp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoet⁷ jip⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêd¹ yib⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵt̚⁵ jiːp̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chut-ngia̍p
    • Hakka Romanization System: zud^ˋ ngiab
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zud⁵ ngiab⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sut̚² ŋi̯ap̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chut-gia̍p
    • Tâi-lô: tsut-gia̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zutgiap
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sut̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡiap̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sut̚³²⁻⁵ ɡiap̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷tseq-gniq
    • MiniDict: tseh^入 nyih
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tseq-nyiq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡səʔ³³ n̠ʲiɪʔ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: tswit ngjaep

Rime
Character	卒	業
Reading #	1/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	術 (52)	業 (147)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	子聿切	魚怯切
Baxter	tswit	ngjaep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siuɪt̚/	/ŋɨɐp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʷit̚/	/ŋiɐp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sjuet̚/	/ŋiɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡swit̚/	/ŋɨap̚/
Li Rong	/t͡siuĕt̚/	/ŋiap̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭuĕt̚/	/ŋĭɐp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si̯uĕt̚/	/ŋi̯ɐp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ju	yè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zeot1	jip6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ut  [m-qʰ](r)[a]p/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsud  ŋab/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	卒	業
Reading #	1/2	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zú	yè
Middle Chinese	‹ tswit ›	‹ ngjæp ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ut/	/*[m-qʰ](r)[a]p/
English	finish, die	work (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	卒	業
Reading #	3/3	1/1
No.	17964	14819
Phonetic component	卒	業
Rime group	物	盍
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	卒	業
Old Chinese	/*ʔsud/	/*ŋab/
Notes	裘錫圭康殷皆雲金文象衣加劃表衣縫製完結

Verb

卒業 (intransitive)

1. (literary) to graduate
2. (Classical) to finish a task
3. (Classical) to finish reading aloud

Synonyms

• (to graduate):

edit

• 出業／出业 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 完成學業／完成学业 (wánchéng xuéyè)
• 畢業／毕业 (bìyè)
• 結束學習／结束学习 (jiéshù xuéxí)

 

Derived terms

• 卒業生／卒业生 (zúyèshēng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (卒業):

• → Japanese: 卒業(そつぎょう) (sotsugyō)
• → Korean: 졸업(卒業) (joreop)
• → Vietnamese: tốt nghiệp (卒業)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
卒	業
そつ Grade: 4	ぎょう Grade: 3
kan'on

Alternative spelling
卆業

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) そつぎょー [sòtsúgyóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [so̞t͡sɨɡʲo̞ː]

Noun

卒(そつ)業(ぎょう) • (sotsugyō) ^{←そつげふ (sotugefu)?}

1. graduation

   人間(にんげん)卒業(そつぎょう)

   ningen sotsugyō

   (humorous) transcending humanity; superhuman

2. outgrowth
3. (Japanese entertainment) graduation (leaving a group)

Coordinate terms

• (graduation): 修了(しゅうりょう) (shūryō): completion (of a course)
• (outgrowth): 脱却(だっきゃく) (dakkyaku): escape

Derived terms

• 卒業試験(そつぎょうしけん) (sotsugyō shiken): (n.) graduation exam
• 卒業式(そつぎょうしき) (sotsugyō-shiki): (n.) commencement ceremony, graduation ceremony
• 卒業証書(そつぎょうしょうしょ) (sotsugyō shōsho): (n.) diploma
• 卒業生(そつぎょうせい) (sotsugyōsei): (n.) alumnus, alumni
• 卒業論文(そつぎょうろんぶん) (sotsugyō ronbun): graduation thesis

Verb

卒(そつ)業(ぎょう)する • (sotsugyō suru) ^{←そつげふ (sotugefu)?}suru (stem 卒(そつ)業(ぎょう)し (sotsugyō shi), past 卒(そつ)業(ぎょう)した (sotsugyō shita))

1. to graduate

   大学(だいがく)を卒業(そつぎょう)する

   daigaku o sotsugyō suru

   graduate from college

2. to outgrow

   工業社会(こうぎょうしゃかい)を卒業(そつぎょう)して、情報社会(じょうほうしゃかい)に移行(いこう)する

   kōgyō shakai o sotsugyō shite, jōhō shakai ni ikō suru

   outgrow the industrial society and shift to the information society

3. (Japanese entertainment) to graduate (leave a group)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "卒業する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	卒業し	そつぎょうし	sotsugyō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	卒業し	そつぎょうし	sotsugyō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	卒業する	そつぎょうする	sotsugyō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	卒業する	そつぎょうする	sotsugyō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	卒業すれ	そつぎょうすれ	sotsugyō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	卒業せよ¹ 卒業しろ²	そつぎょうせよ¹ そつぎょうしろ²	sotsugyō seyo¹ sotsugyō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	卒業される	そつぎょうされる	sotsugyō sareru
Causative	卒業させる 卒業さす	そつぎょうさせる そつぎょうさす	sotsugyō saseru sotsugyō sasu
Potential	卒業できる	そつぎょうできる	sotsugyō dekiru
Volitional	卒業しよう	そつぎょうしよう	sotsugyō shiyō
Negative	卒業しない	そつぎょうしない	sotsugyō shinai
Negative continuative	卒業せず	そつぎょうせず	sotsugyō sezu
Formal	卒業します	そつぎょうします	sotsugyō shimasu
Perfective	卒業した	そつぎょうした	sotsugyō shita
Conjunctive	卒業して	そつぎょうして	sotsugyō shite
Hypothetical conditional	卒業すれば	そつぎょうすれば	sotsugyō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
卒	業

Noun

卒業 • (joreop) (hangeul 졸업)

1. hanja form^? of 졸업 (“graduation”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
卒	業

Verb

卒業

1. chữ Hán form of tốt nghiệp (“to graduate”).