恍

恍 U+604D, 恍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-604D ← 恌 [U+604C] CJK Unified Ideographs 恎 → [U+604E]

Translingual

Han character

恍 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心火一山 (PFMU), four-corner 9901₁, composition ⿰忄光)

Derived characters

• 𦞔

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 384, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10546
• Dae Jaweon: page 714, character 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2295, character 4
• Unihan data for U+604D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		恍
alternative forms		怳 芒

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (光) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
光	*kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs
灮	*kʷaːŋ
洸	*kʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋ
桄	*kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs
胱	*kʷaːŋ
垙	*kʷaːŋ
輄	*kʷaːŋ
恍	*kʷaːŋ, *qʰʷaːŋʔ
茪	*kʷaːŋ
侊	*kʷaːŋ, *kʷraːŋ
晃	*ɡʷaːŋʔ
幌	*ɡʷaːŋʔ
榥	*ɡʷaːŋʔ
滉	*ɡʷaːŋʔ
觥	*kʷraːŋ
駫	*kʷeːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaːŋ, *qʰʷaːŋʔ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 光 (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs). This character replaced 怳 (OC *hmaŋʔ)'s usage in the late Middle Chinese.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huǎng (huang³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fong²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fóng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horng³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hóng / hóaⁿ
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵huaon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huǎng
    • Wade–Giles: huang³
    • Yale: hwǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hoang
    • Palladius: хуан (xuan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fong²
    • Yale: fóng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fong²
    • Guangdong Romanization: fong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fóng
    • Hakka Romanization System: fong^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fong³
    • Sinological IPA: /foŋ³¹/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: horng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: horng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng
    • Tâi-lô: hóng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: horng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /hɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: huánn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hvoar
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huã⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /huã⁵³/

Note:

• hóng - literary;
• hóaⁿ - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵huaon
    • MiniDict: huaon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²huaan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /huɑ̃³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: kwang

Rime
Character	恍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古黃切
Baxter	kwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kwɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaŋ/
Li Rong	/kuɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kuɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kwɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwong1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷaːŋ/, /*qʰʷaːŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恍	恍
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	4513	4518
Phonetic component	光	光
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kʷaːŋ/	/*qʰʷaːŋʔ/
Notes		怳俗訛體

Definitions

恍

1. seemingly, as if (often used with 如 (rú), 若 (ruò))

   恍如夢境／恍如梦境  ―  huǎngrú mèngjìng  ―  as if in a dream

2. absent-minded

   恍狂  ―  huǎngkuáng  ―  delirious

3. Used in 恍惚 (huǎnghū) and 惚恍 (hūhuǎng).

Compounds

• 心神恍惚 (xīnshénhuǎnghū)
• 心緒恍惚／心绪恍惚
• 忽恍 (hūhuǎng)
• 恍如 (huǎngrú)
• 恍如隔世 (huǎngrúgéshì)
• 恍忽 (huǎnghū)
• 恍怳
• 恍恍
• 恍恍忽忽
• 恍惘
• 恍惚 (huǎnghū)
• 恍然 (huǎngrán)
• 恍然大悟 (huǎngrándàwù)
• 恍若 (huǎngruò)
• 恍若隔世
• 惚恍 (hūhuǎng)
• 惝恍
• 愴恍／怆恍
• 朦朧恍惚／朦胧恍惚
• 神思恍惚
• 神情恍惚
• 精神恍惚
• 迷離倘恍／迷离倘恍

 

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “恍”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 94.

Japanese

Kanji

恍

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. unclear
2. senile
3. stupid
4. joke

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō)^{←くわう (kwau, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←くわう (kwau, historical)}
• Kun: ほのか (honoka, 恍か)、とぼける (tobokeru, 恍ける)、ほれる (horeru, 恍れる)、うっとりする (uttorisuru)、くらい (kurai)

Korean

Hanja

恍 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)

1. seemingly
2. absent-minded

Vietnamese

Han character

恍: Hán Nôm readings: hoảng, đoảng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.