戒心

Chinese

		swear off; warn against	heart; mind
simp. and trad. (戒心)		戒	心

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jièxīn

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄒㄧㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaai³ sam¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kài-sim

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gai³ sim¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jièxīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄒㄧㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jièsin
    • Wade–Giles: chieh⁴-hsin¹
    • Yale: jyè-syīn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiehshin
    • Palladius: цзесинь (czesinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaai³ sam¹
    • Yale: gaai sām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaai³ sam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gai³ sem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːi̯³³ sɐm⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kài-sim
    • Tâi-lô: kài-sim
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kaesym
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kai²¹⁻⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sim³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kai²¹⁻⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kai¹¹⁻⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai²¹⁻⁴¹ sim⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gai³ sim¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kài sim
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sim³³/

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• Middle Chinese: keajH sim

Rime
Character	戒	心
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	古拜切	息林切
Baxter	keajH	sim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛiH/	/siɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæiH/	/sim/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐiH/	/sjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəɨjH/	/sim/
Li Rong	/kɛiH/	/siəm/
Wang Li	/kɐiH/	/sĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kăiH/	/si̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiè	xīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaai3	sam1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤrək-s  səm/

  (Zhengzhang): /*krɯːɡs  slɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戒	心
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiè	xīn
Middle Chinese	‹ kɛjH ›	‹ sim ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁrək-s/ (~ kˁrək)	/*səm/
English	be on guard	heart
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戒	心
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6544	13801
Phonetic component	戒	心
Rime group	代	侵
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	誡	心
Old Chinese	/*krɯːɡs/	/*slɯm/

Noun

戒心

1. wariness; vigilance

   • 當在薛也，予有戒心。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     当在薛也，予有戒心。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Dāng zài Xuē yě, yǔ yǒu jièxīn. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (戒心):

• → Japanese: 戒心(かいしん) (kaishin)
• → Korean: 계심(戒心) (gyesim)
• → Vietnamese: giới tâm (戒心)