新加坡

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (新加坡)		新	加	坡
simp. #(新加坡)		新	加	坡

Etymology

Borrowed from English Singapore, from Malay Singapura, from Sanskrit सिंहपुर (siṃhá-pura), from सिंह (siṃha, “lion”) +‎ पुर (pura, “city”).

Shanghainese sense from 莘嘉浦 via phono-semantic matching.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Xīnjiāpō

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄆㄛ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): san¹ gaa³ bo¹ / san¹ gaa³ po¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Sîn-kâ-phô / Sîn-kâ-po

  (Meixian, Guangdong): xin¹ ga¹ po¹

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Sin-ka-pho / Sin-kee-pho / Sin-ka-po

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sing¹ gia¹ bo¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹shin-ka-phu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Xīnjiāpō
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄆㄛ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Sinjiapo
    • Wade–Giles: Hsin¹-chia¹-pʻo¹
    • Yale: Syīn-jyā-pwō
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shinjiapo
    • Palladius: Синьцзяпо (Sinʹczjapo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 新加坡 新嘉坡

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: san¹ gaa³ bo¹ / san¹ gaa³ po¹
    • Yale: sān ga bō / sān ga pō
    • Cantonese Pinyin: san¹ gaa³ bo¹ / san¹ gaa³ po¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sen¹ ga³ bo¹ / sen¹ ga³ po¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn⁵⁵ kaː³³ pɔː⁵⁵/, /sɐn⁵⁵ kaː³³ pʰɔː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sîn-kâ-phô / Sîn-kâ-po
    • Hakka Romanization System: xin^ˊ ga^ˊ po^ˊ / xin^ˊ ga^ˊ bo
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xin¹ ga¹ po¹ / xin¹ ga¹ bo⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /sin²⁴⁻¹¹ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰo²⁴/, /sin²⁴⁻¹¹ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ po⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: xin¹ ga¹ po¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sin⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴ pʰo⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-ka-pho
    • Tâi-lô: Sin-ka-pho
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sinkaphoy
    • IPA (Taipei): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰo⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɤ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /sin³³ ka³³ pʰo³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-kee-pho
    • Tâi-lô: Sin-kee-pho
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Penang, Singapore, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-ka-po
    • Tâi-lô: Sin-ka-po
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sinka'poy
    • IPA (Philippines): /sin³³ ka³³ po³³/
    • IPA (Singapore): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² po⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Penang): /sin³³⁻²¹ ka³³⁻²¹ po³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sing¹ gia¹ bo¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sing kia po
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ³³⁻²³ kia³³⁻²³ po³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹shin-ka-phu
    • MiniDict: shin^平 ka phu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xin-ka-phu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕin⁵⁵ ka³³ pʰu²¹/

Proper noun

新加坡

1. Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony; official name: 新加坡共和國／新加坡共和国)

   新加坡在1969年廢除了陪審團制度，因此所有刑事案件的被告人均由法官審判。 [MSC, trad.]
   新加坡在1969年废除了陪审团制度，因此所有刑事案件的被告人均由法官审判。 [MSC, simp.]

   Xīnjiāpō zài 1969 nián fèichú le péishěntuán zhìdù, yīncǐ suǒyǒu xíngshì ànjiàn de bèigàorén jūn yóu fǎguān shěnpàn. [Pinyin]

   Singapore abolished its jury system in 1969, so all criminal defendants are tried before judges.

   • 1878, 李圭, 環遊地球新錄, volume 4, page 40:

     辰初三刻抵西貢，由新加坡至此二千四百二十一里。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     辰初三刻抵西贡，由新加坡至此二千四百二十一里。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     Chén chū sān kè dǐ Xīgòng, yóu Xīnjiāpō zhì cǐ èr qiān sì bǎi èrshíyī lǐ. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (Shanghainese, slang) Xinzhuang, Jiading and Pudong collectively; three areas in Shanghai surrounding Puxi

Synonyms

• 新國／新国 (Xīnguó), 坡國／坡国 (Pōguó)
• (dated) 新嘉坡 (Xīnjiāpō), 新嘉波 (Xīnjiābō), 星架坡 (Xīngjiàpō), 星架波 (Xīngjiàbō)
• (regional, dated) 實叻／实叻, 實叻坡／实叻坡, 石叻 (Shílè), 息力, 石叻埠, 實叻埠／实叻埠, 叻埠 (Lèfù)

Dialectal synonyms of 新加坡 (“Singapore”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		新加坡
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	新加坡
	Malaysia	新加坡, 新國
	Singapore	新加坡, 星洲 nickname, 獅城 nickname, 小紅點 nickname, 石叻 dated, 石叻埠 dated, 叻埠 dated
Cantonese	Guangzhou	星加坡, 叻埠
	Hong Kong	新加坡, 星加坡, 星國, 星洲 nickname, 叻埠 dated
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	星加坡
	Penang (Guangfu)	星加坡
	Singapore (Guangfu)	星加坡
Southern Min	Xiamen	新加坡, 石叻 dated
	Quanzhou	新加坡
	Zhangzhou	新加坡
	Penang (Hokkien)	新加坡, 實叻坡
	Singapore (Hokkien)	新加坡, 獅城, 石叻 dated
	Manila (Hokkien)	新加坡
	Jieyang	石叻 dated, 叻埠 dated
	Singapore (Teochew)	新加坡, 星洲
	Singapore (Hainanese)	新加坡
Wu	Shanghai	新加坡

Derived terms

• 新加坡元 (Xīnjiāpōyuán)
• 新加坡共和國／新加坡共和国 (Xīnjiāpō Gònghéguó)

 

References

• Duffus, William (1883) “Singapore”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 245

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
新	加	坡

Proper noun

新加坡

1. chữ Hán form of Tân Gia Ba.: Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)