機關

See also: 機関 and 机关

Chinese

		machine; opportunity; secret	to close; to shut; to turn off to close; to shut; to turn off; to concern; to involve; mountain pass
trad. (機關)		機	關
simp. (机关)		机	关
anagram		關機／关机

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīguān

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ ㄍㄨㄢ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gei¹ gwaan¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gei¹ gan¹

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kî-kôan
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ki-koan

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gi¹ guang¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīguān
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ ㄍㄨㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiguan
    • Wade–Giles: chi¹-kuan¹
    • Yale: jī-gwān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiguan
    • Palladius: цзигуань (cziguanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 機關／机关 箕關／箕关 雞冠／鸡冠

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gei¹ gwaan¹
    • Yale: gēi gwāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gei¹ gwaan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: géi¹ guan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯⁵⁵ kʷaːn⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: gei¹ gan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei³³ kan³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî-kôan
    • Hakka Romanization System: gi^ˊ guan^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gi¹ guan¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴⁻¹¹ ku̯an²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-koan
    • Tâi-lô: ki-kuan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ki'koafn
    • IPA (Longyan): /ki³³⁴ kuan³³⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³ kuan³³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gi¹ guang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ki kuang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³³⁻²³ kuaŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: kj+j kwaen

Rime
Character	機	關
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	微 (20)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	居依切	古還切
Baxter	kj+j	kwaen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨi/	/kˠuan/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨi/	/kʷᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəi/	/kuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨj/	/kwaɨn/
Li Rong	/kiəi/	/kuan/
Wang Li	/kĭəi/	/kwan/
Bernard Karlgren	/ke̯i/	/kwan/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jī	guān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei1	gwaan1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kəj  [k]ˤro[n]|kˤro[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯl  kroːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	機	關	關	關
Reading #	1/1	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jī	guān	guān	guān
Middle Chinese	‹ kjɨj ›	‹ kwæn ›	‹ kwæn ›	‹ kwæn ›
Old Chinese	/*kəj/	/*[k]ˁro[n]/	/*[k]ˁro[n]/	/*kˁro[n]/
English	mechanism	barrier	關關 kwæn.kwæn [bird’s cry]	間關 sound of a chariot"s linchpin (Ode 218.1)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	機	關
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5788	8640
Phonetic component	幾	卵
Rime group	微	元
Rime subdivision	1	3
Corresponding MC rime	機	關
Old Chinese	/*kɯl/	/*kroːn/

Noun

機關

1. government organization; institution; institute; organ; agency; body; authority (Classifier: 個／个 m)

   金融機關／金融机关  ―  jīnróng jīguān  ―  financial institution

   慈善機關／慈善机关  ―  císhàn jīguān  ―  charitable organisation

   研究機關／研究机关  ―  yánjiū jīguān  ―  research institute

   司法機關／司法机关  ―  sīfǎ jīguān  ―  judicial authorities

   民政機關／民政机关  ―  mínzhèng jīguān  ―  civil administration organ

   機關幹部／机关干部  ―  jīguān gànbù  ―  government officer

   最高立法機關／最高立法机关  ―  zuìgāo lìfǎ jīguān  ―  top legislative body

2. mechanism (Classifier: 個／个 m)

   啟動機關／启动机关  ―  qǐdòng jīguān  ―  starting mechanism

3. (figurative) scheme; intrigue

Synonyms

• (scheme):

edit

• 圖謀／图谋 (túmóu)
• 心機／心机 (xīnjī)
• 招 (figurative)
• 攻略 (gōnglüè)
• 機謀／机谋 (jīmóu) (formal)
• 策略 (cèlüè)
• 計策／计策 (jìcè)
• 計謀／计谋 (jìmóu)
• 謀略／谋略 (móulüè)
• 鈐／钤 (qián) (literary, or in compounds)

 

Adjective

機關

1. (attributive) machine-operated

Derived terms

• 國家機關／国家机关 (guójiā jīguān)
• 外交代表機關／外交代表机关 (wàijiāo dàibiǎo jīguān)
• 機關刊物／机关刊物 (jīguān kānwù)
• 機關報／机关报 (jīguānbào)
• 機關槍／机关枪 (jīguānqiāng)
• 機關炮／机关炮 (jīguānpào)
• 機關算盡／机关算尽
• 稅務機關／税务机关 (shuìwù jīguān)
• 立法機關／立法机关 (lìfǎ jīguān)
• 自治機關／自治机关 (zìzhì jīguān)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (機關):

• → Japanese: 機(き)関(かん) (kikan)
• → Korean: 기관(機關) (gigwan)
• → Vietnamese: cơ quan (機關)

Others:

• → Zhuang: gihgvanh

Japanese

Kanji in this term
機	關
き Grade: 4	かん Hyōgai
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 機關 – see the following entry.

【機関きかん】 [noun] engine, machine [noun] body organ [noun] organization, institute, agency, authority, establishment [noun] facility

(This term, 機關, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
機	關

Noun

機關 • (gigwan) (hangeul 기관)

1. hanja form^? of 기관 (“engine; machine; agency”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
機	關

Noun

機關

1. chữ Hán form of cơ quan (“organ”).