燭

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See also: 烛
燭 U+71ED, 燭
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71ED
← 燬
[U+71EC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 燮 →
[U+71EE]

Translingual

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Han character

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燭 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 火田中戈 (FWLI), four-corner 96827, composition ⿰火蜀)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 685, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19480
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1098, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2241, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+71ED

Chinese

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trad. 燭
simp. 烛*

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (蜀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
襡 *toːʔ, *toːɡs, *doːʔ, *doːɡ, *djoɡ
噣 *toːɡs, *tuɡs, *rtoːɡ, *tjoɡ
斣 *toːɡs
歜 *sdoːmʔ, *tʰjoɡ
斀 *rtoːɡ
孎 *rtoːɡ, *toɡ
濁 *rdoːɡ
鐲 *rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ
鸀 *rdoːɡ, *tjoɡ
擉 *sʰroːɡ
獨 *doːɡ
髑 *doːɡ
韣 *doːɡ, *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
斸 *toɡ
钃 *toɡ
欘 *toɡ
躅 *doɡ
蠋 *doɡ, *tjoɡ
燭 *tjoɡ
囑 *tjoɡ
矚 *tjoɡ
屬 *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
属 *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
蠾 *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
觸 *tʰjoɡ
臅 *tʰjoɡ
觕 *sʰlaː, *zlaːʔ, *tʰjoɡ
蜀 *djoɡ

Etymology

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Compare Tibetan དུགས་པ (dugs pa, “to make warm, to warm, to light”) and Burmese တောက် (tauk, “to shine, to illuminate, to make fire”) (Hill, 2019).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chiak/chek - vernacular;
  • chiok - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 燭
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂu²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡su⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂu²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡sou²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂv̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂu¹³/
Lanzhou /p͡fu³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡səu²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡su³¹/
Guiyang /t͡su²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂu³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂuʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂuəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡suəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡suʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡suəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡soʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡suʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕiu⁵/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂəu²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂəɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡suʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡suk̚¹/
Taoyuan /tʃuk̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sok̚⁵/
Nanning /t͡suk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡suk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡siɔk̚³²/
/t͡sik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡suɔʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sy²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sek̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡sok̚⁵/
/t͡siak̚⁵/
Rime
Character 燭
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 燭 (8)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 之欲切
Baxter tsyowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiok̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕiok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cuawk̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiok̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭwok̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zuk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 燭
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyowk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tok/
English torch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 燭
Reading # 1/1
No. 11828
Phonetic
component 		蜀
Rime
group 		屋
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		燭
Old
Chinese 		/*tjoɡ/

Definitions

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燭

  1. candle; taper
  2. to shine; to illuminate
  3. (Taiwanese Hokkien) candlepower (unit)

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 蠟燭 (“candle”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蠟燭, 蠟炬
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 蠟, 洋蠟
Taiwan 蠟燭
Harbin 洋蠟
Singapore 蠟燭
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 洋蠟 dated
Jinan 蠟燭, 蠟, 洋蠟
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 蠟
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 蠟燭, 洋蠟
Wanrong 蠟, 洋燭
Wanrong (Ronghe) 蠟, 洋蠟
Xi'an 蠟, 洋蠟
Xuzhou 蠟燭
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 蠟燈, 蠟
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 蠟燈
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 蠟, 洋蠟
Lanzhou 蠟, 洋蠟
Ürümqi 洋蠟, 蠟
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 蠟燭, 蠟
Wuhan 蠟燭, 洋蠟, 洋蠟燭
Guiyang 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 燭
Kunming 洋燭, 洋蠟
Guilin 蠟燭
Liuzhou 蠟燭, 洋蠟
Kokang 洋蠟
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Yangzhou 蠟燭
Hefei 蠟燭
Cantonese Guangzhou 蠟燭, 洋燭
Hong Kong 蠟燭, 洋燭
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 蠟燭
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 蠟燭
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 蠟燭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 蠟燭
Macau 蠟燭
Guangzhou (Panyu) 洋燭
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 洋燭
Guangzhou (Conghua) 蠟燭, 洋燭
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 蠟燭
Foshan 蠟燭
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 油燭
Foshan (Shunde) 蠟燭
Foshan (Sanshui) 蠟燭
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 蠟燭
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 洋燭
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 蠟燭
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 蠟燭
Zhuhai (Doumen) 蠟燭
Jiangmen (Baisha) 蠟燭
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 蠟燭
Taishan 蠟燭
Kaiping (Chikan) 蠟燭
Enping (Niujiang) 蠟燭
Heshan (Yayao) 洋燭
Dongguan 蠟燭
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 蠟燭
Yangjiang 蠟燭
Nanning 蠟燭
Wuzhou 蠟燭
Yulin 蠟燭
Hepu (Lianzhou) 蠟燭
Beihai 蠟燭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 蠟燭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 蠟燭
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 蠟燭
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 蠟燭
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 蠟燭
Móng Cái 蠟燭
Gan Nanchang 蠟燭, 洋蠟, 洋蠟燭
Lichuan 蠟燭, 燭
Pingxiang 洋蠟燭, 礦燭
Hakka Meixian 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 蠟燭
Dongguan (Qingxi) 蠟燭
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 蠟燭
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 洋燭
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 火燭
Yudu 洋燭, 洋蠟燭
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 蠟燭
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 蠟燭
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 蠟燭
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 蠟燭
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 蠟燭
Hong Kong 蠟燭
Luchuan (Daqiao) 蠟燭
Senai (Huiyang) 蠟燭
Huizhou Jixi 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Jin Taiyuan 蠟燭, 蠟, 洋蠟
Xinzhou 蠟, 洋蠟
Northern Min Jian'ou 蠟燭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 燭, 蠟燭
Fuqing 燭
Southern Min Xiamen 蠟燭
Quanzhou 蠟燭
Zhangzhou 蠟燭
Dongshan 蠟燭
Tainan 蠟燭
Penang (Hokkien) 燭仔
Singapore (Hokkien) 蠟燭
Manila (Hokkien) 蠟燭, 燭
Zhangping (Yongfu) 蠟
Pingnan (Shangdu) 蠟燭
Guilin (Biyange) 蠟燭
Chaozhou 蠟燭
Shantou 蠟燭
Shantou (Chaoyang) 燭
Jieyang 蠟燭
Bangkok (Teochew) 蠟燭
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 蠟燭
Pontianak (Teochew) 蠟燭
Leizhou 蠟燭, 燭
Wenchang 蠟燭
Haikou 蠟燭
Puxian Min Putian 燭, 洋燭
Xianyou 蠟燭, 洋燭
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 蠟燭
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 蠟燭
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 蠟燭
Wu Shanghai 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Shanghai (Chongming) 蠟燭, 專燭, 洋蠟燭
Suzhou 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Danyang 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Hangzhou 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Ningbo 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 洋燭
Wenzhou 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 洋燭
Jinhua 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Xiang Changsha 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Loudi 蠟燭
Shuangfeng 蠟燭
Quanzhou 蠟燭

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Bouyei: xugt (“candle”)

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai
(extended)

烛

Kyūjitai

燭

Kanji

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燭

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: そく (soku)
  • Kan-on: しょく (shoku)
  • Kun: ともしび (tomoshibi, 燭)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
燭
しょく
Jinmeiyō
kan'on

Pronunciation

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Noun

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燭(しょく) • (shoku) 

  1. a light (source of illumination)
    Synonyms: 明かり, ともしび
  2. a candlepower
    Synonym: 燭光

Counter

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燭(しょく) • (-shoku) 

  1. a candlepower
    Synonym: 燭光

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
燭
ともしび
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 燭 – see the following entry.
【ともしび】
[noun] 灯, 灯火, 燭: light; lamp
Alternative spellings
灯, 灯火
(This term, 燭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

燭 • (chok) (hangeul 촉)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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燭: Hán Nôm readings: chúc, đuốc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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