皆

See also: 昆

皆 U+7686, 皆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7686 ← 皅 [U+7685] CJK Unified Ideographs 皇 → [U+7687]

Translingual

Han character

皆 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心心竹日 (PPHA), four-corner 2160₁, composition ⿱比白)

Derived characters

• 偕, 勓, 喈, 堦, 揩, 楷, 湝, 瑎, 稭, 蝔, 諧(谐), 鍇(锴), 階, 𩀊, 鶛(𱊐), 龤

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 786, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22699
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2647, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7686

Chinese

trad.		皆
simp. #		皆
alternative forms		𣅜

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 皆
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (皆) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
皆	*kriːl
偕	*kriːl
階	*kriːl
喈	*kriːl
稭	*kriːl, *kriːd
堦	*kriːl
楷	*kriːl, *kʰriːlʔ
鶛	*kriːl
湝	*kriːl, *ɡriːl
蝔	*kriːl, *ɡriːl
鍇	*kriːl, *kʰriːlʔ
揩	*kʰriːl
諧	*ɡriːl
瑎	*ɡriːl
龤	*ɡriːl

Attested in bronze script as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 比 (“two people; to compare”) + 曰 (“to speak”); to compare several people, hence all. 曰 later corrupts into 白. Based on the corrupted form, Shuowen reinterprets this character as a ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 比 + 白.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiē (jie¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaai¹

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kai

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gai¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiē
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jie
    • Wade–Giles: chieh¹
    • Yale: jyē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jie
    • Palladius: цзе (cze)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gaai¹
    • Yale: gāai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaai¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gai¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːi̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kai
    • Tâi-lô: kai
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kay
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kai³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gai¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kai
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kai³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: keaj

Rime
Character	皆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古諧切
Baxter	keaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛi/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæi/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəɨj/
Li Rong	/kɛi/
Wang Li	/kɐi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kăi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaai1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤrij/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kriːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	皆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiē
Middle Chinese	‹ kɛj ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁrij/
English	all
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	皆
Reading #	1/1
No.	6415
Phonetic component	皆
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	皆
Old Chinese	/*kriːl/

Definitions

皆

1. (literary) all; every; everybody

   自古皆有死  ―  zìgǔ jiē yǒu sǐ  ―  from of old, everyone is mortal (see 自古皆有死，民無信不立／自古皆有死，民无信不立 (zìgǔ jiē yǒu sǐ, mín wúxìnbùlì))

2. (Taiwan) zetta- (SI unit prefix)

   Synonym: 泽 (zé) (mainland)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 都 (“all; both”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		皆, 均, 俱
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		都, 全, 皆, 均, 俱
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	都, 全
	Taiwan	都
	Malaysia	都
	Singapore	都
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	都, 全
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	都
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	都, 下
	Wuhan	都, 下
	Guilin	都
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	都, 全
	Hefei	都
Cantonese	Guangzhou	都
	Hong Kong	都
	Yangjiang	都
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	都
	Singapore (Guangfu)	都
Gan	Nanchang	都
Hakka	Meixian	都
	Wuhua (Meilin)	都
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	都
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	都
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	都
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	都
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	都
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	攏
Jin	Taiyuan	都, 全
Northern Min	Jian'ou	都
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	都
Southern Min	Xiamen	攏, 計, 計計
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	攏
	Quanzhou	攏, 計, 計計
	Zhangzhou	攏, 計, 計計
	Zhao'an	攏
	Dongshan	攏
	Tainan	攏
	Penang (Hokkien)	到了
	Singapore (Hokkien)	攏, 攏總, 計
	Manila (Hokkien)	攏, 攏總
	Chaozhou	攏
	Shantou	攏
	Jieyang	攏
	Singapore (Teochew)	攏
	Wenchang	都
	Qionghai	攏
	Singapore (Hainanese)	攏
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	都
Wu	Shanghai	儕, 禿 obsolete
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	儕
	Shanghai (Chongming)	儕, 孩
	Suzhou	儕
	Wuxi	儕
	Nantong (Haimen)	儕, 孩, 純, 恆, 禿
	Tongxiang	儕
	Ningbo	和
	Wenzhou	沃
	Lishui	都
	Qingyuan	都
Xiang	Changsha	下, 都
	Shuangfeng	下

Compounds

• 一座皆驚／一座皆惊
• 人盡皆知／人尽皆知 (rénjìnjiēzhī)
• 俯拾皆是 (fǔshíjiēshì)
• 公私皆辦／公私皆办
• 六經皆史／六经皆史
• 前功皆棄／前功皆弃
• 啼笑皆非 (tíxiàojiēfēi)
• 四大皆空
• 婦孺皆知／妇孺皆知 (fùrújiēzhī)
• 有口皆碑 (yǒukǒujiēbēi)
• 每戰皆北／每战皆北
• 比比皆是 (bǐbǐjiēshì)
• 比比皆然
• 比肩皆是
• 毛髮皆豎／毛发皆竖
• 率皆
• 百堵皆作
• 百念皆灰
• 皆大歡喜／皆大欢喜 (jiēdàhuānxǐ)
• 皆是 (jiēshì)
• 皆然
• 皆知 (jiēzhī)
• 盡人皆知／尽人皆知 (jìnrénjiēzhī)
• 萬事皆休／万事皆休
• 萬馬皆瘖／万马皆瘖
• 窮通皆命／穷通皆命
• 草木皆兵 (cǎomùjiēbīng)
• 觸目皆是／触目皆是
• 連戰皆捷／连战皆捷 (liánzhànjiējié)
• 雞犬皆仙／鸡犬皆仙

 

Japanese

Kanji

皆

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
• Kun: みな (mina, 皆, Jōyō)、みんな (minna, 皆)
• Nanori: とも (tomo)、み (mi)、みち (michi)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
皆
みな Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 皆 – see the following entry.

【みな】 [noun] everyone, everybody [noun] all, everything

(This term, 皆, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
皆
みんな Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 皆 – see the following entry.

【みんな】 [noun] everyone, everybody [noun] all, everything Alternative spelling 皆んな

(This term, 皆, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
皆
かい Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 皆 (MC keaj).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka̠i]

Affix

皆(かい) • (kai) 

1. all; every

Korean

Hanja

皆 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

皆: Hán Nôm readings: giai

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Zhuang

Verb

皆

1. Sawndip form of gai (“to sell”)