聞

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 闻, 間, and 閒
聞 U+805E, 聞
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-805E
← 聝
[U+805D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 聟 →
[U+805F]

Translingual

[edit]
Japanese 聞
Simplified 闻
Traditional 聞
Stroke order
14 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
14 strokes

Alternative forms

[edit]

This character has a slight difference between Chinese and Japanese forms.

  • In Chinese: 聞
  • in Japanese: 聞
  • in Korean: 聞

Han character

[edit]

聞 (Kangxi radical 128, 耳+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 日弓尸十 (ANSJ), four-corner 77401, composition ⿵門耳)

Derived characters

[edit]
[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 968, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29104
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1418, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4294, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+805E

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 聞
simp. 闻
alternative forms 𦔵

Glyph origin

[edit]
Characters in the same phonetic series (門) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蔄 *roːs, *mruːns
闅 *min, *mrɯn, *mɯn
閩 *mrɯn, *mɯn
蕄 *mɯːŋ, *mrɯːŋ
門 *mɯːn
捫 *mɯːn
悶 *mɯːns
聞 *mɯn, *mɯns
閿 *mɯn
問 *mɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯn, *mɯns) : phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn) + semantic 耳 (“ear”). Compare 問 (OC *mɯns).

Etymology

[edit]

Probably derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-nam (“to smell”), whence Tibetan མནམ་པ (mnam pa, “to smell of”), Tibetan སྣོམ་པ (snom pa, “to smell”), Jingpho manam (mə³¹ nam⁵⁵, “smell”), Burmese နမ် (nam, “to smell”), Burmese နံ (nam, “to stink”) (Schuessler, 2007). The inversion of n and m in Chinese is the result of labial dissimilation or prefix-preemption.

In almost all major Tibeto-Burman languages, this etymon means only "to smell". One or other factors may help explain the application of "to hear" in Chinese. The semantic affinities of hear ~ smell have a parallel in Tibeto-Burman *na "ear ~ nose" and hence perhaps in Sino-Tibetan (see *r/g-na (“ear”)). The Chinese stem may have converged with a Mon-Khmer etymon (cf. Proto-Monic *smaaɲ (“to inquire”) (ibid.). Also note Tibetan མཉན་པ (mnyan pa, “to listen to; to hear”) which is phonologically quite close to Chinese.

Pronunciation 2 ("be heard about; renowned; fame") is a derivation of pronunciation 1, with passive suffix *-s (ibid.).

問 (OC *mɯns, “to ask”) is the exoactive derivation of pronunciation 1 with suffix *-s, literally "let (me) hear" (ibid.).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note:
  • 3men - colloquial;
  • 3ven - literary.
    Rime
    Character 聞
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 文 (59)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 無分切
    Baxter mjun
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/mɨun/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/miun/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/miuən/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/mun/
    Li
    Rong         		/miuən/
    Wang
    Li         		/mĭuən/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/mi̯uən/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wén
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		man4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 聞
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wén
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ mjun ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mu[n]/
    English hear (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 聞
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 8963
    Phonetic
    component         		門
    Rime
    group         		文
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		文
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mɯn/

    Definitions

    [edit]

    聞

    1. (literary or Jiangyong Tuhua) to hear; to listen
      百聞不如一見／百闻不如一见  ―  bǎi wén bùrú yī jiàn  ―  seeing is believing (literally, “hearing something one hundred times is not as good as seeing it once”)
    2. to smell; to detect; to get a sniff at
      聞味道／闻味道  ―  wén wèidào  ―  to smell the scent
      我乜嘢都聞唔到嘅？ [Cantonese, trad.]
      我乜嘢都闻唔到嘅？ [Cantonese, simp.]
      ngo5 mat1 je5 dou1 man4 m4 dou3 ge2? [Jyutping]
      Why don't I smell anything?
    3. (literary) to spread; to transmit
    4. (literary) to be famous
    5. knowledge; expertise
    6. news; message
      新聞／新闻  ―  xīnwén  ―  news
      奇聞／奇闻  ―  qíwén  ―  thrilling or fantastic story
    7. a surname
      聞一多／闻一多  ―  Wén Yīduō  ―  Wen Yiduo (Chinese poet)
    Synonyms
    [edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 聽 (“to hear; to listen”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 聞, 聽, 聆
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 聽
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 聽
    Taiwan 聽
    Malaysia 聽
    Singapore 聽
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 聽
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 聽
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 聽
    Wanrong 聽
    Xi'an 聽
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 聽
    Wuhan 聽
    Guilin 聽
    Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 聽
    Hefei 聽
    Cantonese Guangzhou 聽
    Hong Kong 聽
    Macau 聽
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 聽
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 聽
    Taishan 聽
    Yangjiang 聽
    Beihai 聽
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 聽
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 聽
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 聽
    Danzhou 聽
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 聽
    Singapore (Guangfu) 聽
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 聽
    Móng Cái 聽
    Gan Nanchang 聽
    Lichuan 聽
    Pingxiang 聽
    Hakka Meixian 聽
    Xingning 聽
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 聽
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 聽
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 知
    Changting 知
    Wuping 聽
    Wuping (Pingyu) 聽
    Liancheng 聽
    Ninghua 聽
    Ruijin 聽
    Shicheng 知
    Shangyou (Shexi) 聽
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 聽
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 聽
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 聽
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 聽
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 聽
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 聽
    Kuching (Hepo) 聽
    Huizhou Jixi 聽
    Jin Taiyuan 聽
    Northern Min Jian'ou 聽聆
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 聽聆
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 聽
    Pucheng (Shibei) 聽聆
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 聽
    Southern Min Xiamen 聽
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 聽
    Quanzhou 聽
    Zhangzhou 聽
    Zhao'an 聽
    Taipei 聽 GT
    Penang (Hokkien) 聽
    Singapore (Hokkien) 聽
    Manila (Hokkien) 聽
    Chaozhou 聽
    Shantou 聽
    Jieyang 聽
    Singapore (Teochew) 聽
    Pontianak (Teochew) 聽
    Leizhou 聽
    Wenchang 聽
    Haikou 聽
    Qionghai 聽
    Singapore (Hainanese) 聽
    Wu Shanghai 聽
    Shanghai (Chongming) 聽
    Suzhou 聽
    Wuxi 聽
    Danyang 聽
    Wenzhou 聽
    Lishui 聽
    Jinhua 聽
    Xiang Changsha 聽
    Shuangfeng 聽
    Xiangnan Tuhua Jiangyong 聞
    Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
    Dialectal synonyms of 聞 (“to smell”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 聞, 嗅
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 聞, 嗅
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 聞
    Taiwan 聞
    Harbin 聞
    Malaysia 嗅
    Singapore 嗅, 聞
    Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 聞
    Jinan 聞
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 聽
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 聞
    Wanrong 聞
    Xi'an 聞
    Xining 聞
    Xuzhou 聞
    Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 聞
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 聞
    Wuhan 聞
    Guiyang 聞
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 聞
    Yangzhou 聞
    Hefei 聞
    Cantonese Guangzhou 聞, 嗅
    Hong Kong 聞
    Taishan 聞
    Dongguan 聞
    Yangjiang 聞
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 聞
    Singapore (Guangfu) 聞
    Gan Nanchang 嗅
    Lichuan 聽
    Pingxiang 聽
    Hakka Meixian 鼻
    Xingning 鼻
    Huidong (Daling) 鼻
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 鼻, 聞
    Wuhua (Shuizhai) 鼻
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 鼻
    Wuhua (Changbu) 鼻
    Wuhua (Mianyang) 鼻
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 嗅
    Wengyuan 鼻
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 聞
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 鼻
    Liannan 聞
    Jiexi 鼻
    Luhe 鼻
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 鼻
    Changting 鼻
    Wuping 鼻
    Wuping (Yanqian) 鼻
    Wuping (Pingyu) 鼻
    Liancheng 鼻
    Ninghua 鼻
    Ningdu 鼻
    Ruijin 鼻
    Shicheng 嗅
    Shangyou (Shexi) 嗅
    Tonggu (Sandu) 嗅
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 嗅
    Dayu 嗅
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 鼻
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 鼻
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 鼻
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 鼻
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 鼻
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 鼻
    Hong Kong 鼻
    Mengshan (Xihe) 鼻
    Luchuan 嗅
    Senai (Huiyang) 鼻
    Kuching (Hepo) 鼻
    Jin Taiyuan 聞
    Xinzhou 聞
    Northern Min Jian'ou 鼻
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 鼻
    Songxi 鼻
    Zhenghe 鼻
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 鼻
    Jianyang 鼻
    Wuyishan 鼻
    Pucheng (Shibei) 鼻
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 鼻
    Fuzhou (Changle) 鼻
    Fuqing 鼻
    Yongtai 鼻
    Gutian 嗅
    Fu'an 嗅
    Ningde 嗅
    Shouning 嗅
    Zhouning 嗅
    Fuding 嗅
    Matsu 鼻
    Southern Min Xiamen 鼻
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 鼻
    Quanzhou 鼻
    Yongchun 鼻
    Zhangzhou 鼻
    Zhao'an 鼻
    Tainan 鼻
    Penang (Hokkien) 味
    Singapore (Hokkien) 鼻
    Manila (Hokkien) 鼻
    Chaozhou 鼻
    Shantou 鼻
    Shantou (Chenghai) 鼻
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 鼻
    Jieyang 鼻
    Haifeng 鼻
    Bangkok (Teochew) 鼻
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 鼻
    Singapore (Teochew) 鼻
    Leizhou 鼻
    Wenchang 鼻
    Haikou 鼻
    Singapore (Hainanese) 鼻
    Puxian Min Putian 鼻
    Xianyou 鼻
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 聞
    Wu Shanghai 聞, 嗅 dated
    Shanghai (Chongming) 聽
    Suzhou 聞
    Danyang 聞
    Hangzhou 聞
    Ningbo 嗅
    Wenzhou 嗅, 聽
    Lishui 聞
    Jinhua 聞
    Xiang Changsha 聞
    Loudi 聞
    Shuangfeng 嗅
    Xiangnan Tuhua Jiangyong 聞

    Compounds

    [edit]

    Pronunciation 2

    [edit]
    Rime
    Character 聞
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 文 (59)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 亡運切
    Baxter mjunH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/mɨunH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/miunH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/miuənH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/munH/
    Li
    Rong         		/miuənH/
    Wang
    Li         		/mĭuənH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/mi̯uənH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wèn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		man6
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 聞
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 8968
    Phonetic
    component         		門
    Rime
    group         		文
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		問
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mɯns/

    Definitions

    [edit]

    聞

    1. (literary) reputation; renown; prestige
    2. (literary) famous; renowned

    Compounds

    [edit]

    Japanese

    [edit]

    Kanji

    [edit]
    聞

    (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. hear

    Readings

    [edit]

    Compounds

    [edit]

    Korean

    [edit]

    Hanja

    [edit]

    聞 (eumhun 들을 문 (deureul mun))

    1. hanja form? of 문 (“hear”)

    Compounds

    [edit]

    Vietnamese

    [edit]

    Han character

    [edit]

    聞: Hán Nôm readings: văn, vẳn

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=聞&oldid=80548350"