自殺

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See also: 自杀

Chinese

[edit]
self to kill; to murder; to slaughter
trad. (自殺) 自 殺
simp. (自杀) 自 杀
alternative forms ZS Internet euphemism

Etymology

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The sense of "cutting a fruit" is influenced by Hokkien 刣 (thâi, “to cut open or to kill”).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 自 殺
Reading # 1/1 2/2
Initial (聲) 從 (15) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 脂 (15) 鎋 (75)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III II
Fanqie 疾二切 所八切
Baxter dzijH sreat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ziɪH/ /ʃˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ziH/ /ʃᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡zjɪH/ /ʃæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ziH/ /ʂəɨt̚/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ziH/ /ʃɛt̚/
Wang
Li 		/d͡ziH/ /ʃæt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱiH/ /ʂat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zì sha
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi6 saat3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 自 自 殺
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zì zì shā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzijH › ‹ dzijH › ‹ srɛt ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s.[b]i[t]-s/ /*s.[b]i[t]-s/ /*s<r>at/
English self (adv.) to follow; from kill

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 自 殺
Reading # 1/1 2/2
No. 17879 11010
Phonetic
component 		自 杀
Rime
group 		至 月
Rime
subdivision 		1 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		自 殺
Old
Chinese 		/*ɦljids/ /*sreːd/

Verb

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自殺

  1. (intransitive) to commit suicide; to kill oneself; to take one's own life
    Coordinate term: 他殺／他杀 (tāshā)
    服毒自殺／服毒自杀  ―  fúdú zìshā  ―  to commit suicide by taking poison
    自殺行為／自杀行为  ―  zìshā xíngwéi  ―  suicidal behavior
    自殺危機／自杀危机  ―  zìshā wēijī  ―  suicidal crisis
    自殺傾向／自杀倾向  ―  zìshā qīngxiàng  ―  suicidality
    自殺經歷／自杀经历  ―  zìshā jīnglì  ―  lived experience of suicide
    割腕自殺／割腕自杀  ―  gēwàn zìshā  ―  to commit suicide by cutting one's wrists
    他去年自殺了。／他去年自杀了。  ―  Tā qùnián zìshā le.  ―  He took his own life last year.
    應該在媒體中報導關於自殺的新聞嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    应该在媒体中报导关于自杀的新闻吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Yīnggāi zài méitǐ zhōng bàodǎo guānyú zìshā de xīnwén ma? [Pinyin]
    Should suicides be reported in news media?
  2. (Taiwan, slang) (of the buyer) to cut a fruit, etc., especially a pineapple oneself (instead of asking the vendor to do it)
    Coordinate term: 他殺／他杀 (tāshā)

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 自殺 (“to commit suicide”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 自殺, 自盡, 自裁, 自戕, 自決, 自引
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 自殺, 自盡, 自裁, 自戕, 尋短, 尋短見, 自尋短見, 輕生
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 自殺, 尋短兒, 尋拙志
Taiwan 自殺
Chifeng 自殺
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 自殺
Harbin 自殺
Shenyang 自殺
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 自殺
Tangshan 自殺
Cangzhou 自殺
Baoding 自殺
Shijiazhuang 自殺
Jinan 自殺, 尋死, 尋短見, 自尋短見
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 自殺
Qingdao 自殺
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 尋死
Wanrong 尋短見, 尋死
Zhengzhou 自殺, 自盡
Xi'an 自殺, 自盡
Xining 自殺, 尋短見
Xuzhou 自殺, 自盡, 尋無常, 尋短, 尋死
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 自殺
Lanzhou 自殺, 自盡
Ürümqi 自殺
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 自殺
Chongqing 自殺
Wuhan 自殺, 尋死
Guiyang 自殺, 尋死
Guilin 自殺
Liuzhou 自殺, 尋短見
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 自殺, 自盡, 尋死
Yangzhou 自殺, 自盡, 尋死
Nantong 尋死
Hefei 自殺
Cantonese Hong Kong 自殺
Dongguan 自殺
Nanning 自殺, 自盡
Wuzhou 自殺
Yulin 自殺, 自盡
Hepu (Lianzhou) 自殺, 自盡
Gan Nanchang 自盡
Lichuan 尋死
Pingxiang 尋短見
Hakka Meixian 自盡
Yudu 自縊
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 自殺
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 自殺
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 自殺, 自盡
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 自殺, 自盡
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 自殺, 尋死
Huizhou Jixi 自殺, 尋死
Shexian 自殺
Jin Taiyuan 自殺, 尋死
Xinzhou 尋死
Linhe 自殺
Jining 自殺
Hohhot 自殺
Zhangjiakou 自殺
Handan 自殺
Eastern Min Fuzhou 討死
Southern Min Xiamen 行短路, 揣短路
Quanzhou 行短路, 揣短路
Zhangzhou 行短路, 揣短路
Zhao'an 行短路, 自殺, 自盡
Tainan 行短路
Penang (Hokkien) 自殺
Manila (Hokkien) 自殺
Leizhou 自盡
Haikou 自盡
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 自殺, 自盡
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 尋短見
Wu Shanghai 自殺, 尋死路, 尋死, 尋短見
Shanghai (Chongming) 自家尋死
Suzhou 尋死路, 自殺
Hangzhou 自盡, 尋死
Ningbo 尋死
Wenzhou 自殺
Jinhua 自殺自, 自殺, 尋死, 尋死短見, 尋頭路
Xiang Changsha 尋短路
Loudi 尋路, 尋短
Quanzhou 自殺

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (自殺):
  • → Japanese: 自(じ)殺(さつ) (jisatsu)
  • → Korean: 자살(自殺) (jasal)
  • → Vietnamese: tự sát (自殺)

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
自 殺
じ
Grade: 2 		さつ
Grade: 5
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
自殺 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

自(じ)殺(さつ) • (jisatsu) 

  1. suicide
    • 1988 July 30 [1983 December 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “四畳半ＳＬ旅行 [Yojōhan SL Travel]”, in ひとりぼっちの宇宙戦争 [The One-Man Cosmic War] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 1), 16th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 127:
      パパがあまいからですよ。
      Papa ga amai kara desu yo.
      You’re too easy on him, honey.
      だがな、きびしくして家(いえ)出(で)や自(じ)殺(さつ)でもされてはな。
      Daga na, kibishiku shite iede ya jisatsu demo sarete wa na.
      If I were to be tough on him, he would run away and kill himself.
      そうね。あんな変(か)わった子(こ)ですからね………。
      Sō ne. Anna kawatta ko desu kara ne……….
      You’re right. He’s such a peculiar child....

Coordinate terms

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Derived terms

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Derived terms

Verb

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自(じ)殺(さつ)する • (jisatsu suru) suru (stem 自(じ)殺(さつ)し (jisatsu shi), past 自(じ)殺(さつ)した (jisatsu shita))

  1. to commit suicide

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "自殺する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 自殺し じさつし jisatsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 自殺し じさつし jisatsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 自殺する じさつする jisatsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 自殺する じさつする jisatsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 自殺すれ じさつすれ jisatsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 自殺せよ¹
自殺しろ² 		じさつせよ¹
じさつしろ² 		jisatsu seyo¹
jisatsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 自殺される じさつされる jisatsu sareru
Causative 自殺させる
自殺さす 		じさつさせる
じさつさす 		jisatsu saseru
jisatsu sasu
Potential 自殺できる じさつできる jisatsu dekiru
Volitional 自殺しよう じさつしよう jisatsu shiyō
Negative 自殺しない じさつしない jisatsu shinai
Negative continuative 自殺せず じさつせず jisatsu sezu
Formal 自殺します じさつします jisatsu shimasu
Perfective 自殺した じさつした jisatsu shita
Conjunctive 自殺して じさつして jisatsu shite
Hypothetical conditional 自殺すれば じさつすれば jisatsu sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

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Hanja in this term
自殺

Noun

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自殺 • (jasal) (hangeul 자살)

  1. hanja form? of 자살 (“suicide”)

Vietnamese

[edit]
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
自殺

Verb

[edit]

自殺

  1. chữ Hán form of tự sát (“suicide”).
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