釵

See also: 钗

釵 U+91F5, 釵 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91F5 ← 釴 [U+91F4] CJK Unified Ideographs 釶 → [U+91F6]

Translingual

Han character

釵 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+3, 11 strokes, cangjie input 金水戈 (CEI), four-corner 8714₀, composition ⿰釒叉)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1297, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40191
• Dae Jaweon: page 1800, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4173, character 14
• Unihan data for U+91F5

Chinese

trad.		釵
simp.		钗

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (叉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
叉	*sʰraːl, *sʰreːl
杈	*sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːls
靫	*sʰraːl, *sʰreːl
汊	*sʰraːls
衩	*sʰraːls, *sʰreːls
扠	*hr'eːl
釵	*sʰreːl
芆	*sʰreːl
訍	*sʰreːls

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chāi (chai¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄞ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caai¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhâi
• Eastern Min (BUC): chăi
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thoe / the / chhai

  (Teochew, Peng'im): toi¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chāi
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄞ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chai
    • Wade–Giles: chʻai¹
    • Yale: chāi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chai
    • Palladius: чай (čaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: caai¹
    • Yale: chāai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cai¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːi̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâi
    • Hakka Romanization System: cai^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cai¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chăi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thoe
    • Tâi-lô: thue
    • Phofsit Daibuun: toef
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰue³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰue⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: the
    • Tâi-lô: the
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tef
    • IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰe⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhai
    • Tâi-lô: tshai
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhay
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰai³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰai⁴⁴/

Note: thoe/the - vernacular, chhai - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: toi¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thoi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoi³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsrhea

Rime
Character	釵
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	楚佳切
Baxter	tsrhea
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠɛ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰæi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨj/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰɛ/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰai/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰai/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chāi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caai1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰreːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	釵
Reading #	1/1
No.	1182
Phonetic component	叉
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	釵
Old Chinese	/*sʰreːl/

Definitions

釵

1. (dated) ornamental forked hairpin

Synonyms

• 鈿／钿 (diàn)

Compounds

• 分釵斷帶／分钗断带
• 分釵破鏡／分钗破镜
• 十二金釵／十二金钗
• 土釵／土钗
• 寶釵／宝钗
• 寶釵樓／宝钗楼
• 布裙荊釵／布裙荆钗
• 插釵／插钗
• 斷釵重合／断钗重合
• 爵釵／爵钗
• 瑤釵／瑶钗
• 破鏡分釵／破镜分钗
• 紫玉釵／紫玉钗
• 紫釵記／紫钗记
• 花釵／花钗
• 荊釵布裙／荆钗布裙
• 荊釵布襖／荆钗布袄
• 荊釵裙布／荆钗裙布
• 荊釵記／荆钗记
• 薛寶釵／薛宝钗
• 裙布荊釵／裙布荆钗
• 裙釵／裙钗
• 金釵／金钗 (jīnchāi)
• 金釵十二／金钗十二
• 釵股／钗股
• 釵腳漏痕／钗脚漏痕
• 釵釧／钗钏
• 釵釧記／钗钏记
• 釵雲／钗云
• 釵頭符／钗头符
• 釵頭鳳／钗头凤
• 鏡破釵分／镜破钗分
• 鐶釵／镮钗
• 雀釵／雀钗
• 髮釵／发钗
• 鬢亂釵橫／鬓乱钗横
• 鳳釵／凤钗

 

References

• “Query for 釵”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

釵

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: せ (se)
• Kan-on: さい (sai)
• Kan’yō-on: さ (sa)
• Kun: かんざし (kanzashi)、かざし (kazashi)

Etymology 1

釵 (sai): An antique Okinawan sai.

From Middle Chinese 釵 (MC tsrhea). Compare modern Mandarin 釵／钗 (chāi, “hairpin; sai (weapon)”).

This character was originally used in Japanese to mean (ornamental) hairpin, and was read with a kun'yomi of kanzashi. The similarity in shape between a hairpin and the weapon called a sai later led to this character being used to refer to the weapon. In modern Japanese, this character is read primarily with its on'yomi of sai, and is used to refer to the weapon. The hairpin sense and kanzashi reading are more often spelled 簪.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sa̠i]

Noun

釵(さい) • (sai) 

1. (weaponry) a sai: a short blunt weapon with a wide guard, used mainly for defense against opponents armed with swords

See also

• 十手 (じって, ​jitte)

Etymology 2

釵 (kanzashi): A 舞子 (maiko, “apprentice geisha”) with the willow-themed kanzashi for the month of June.

/kamusaɕi/ → /kanzaɕi/

Originally a compound of 髪 (kamu, “hair, hair of the head”, Old Japanese combining form) +‎ 挿し (sashi, “sticker-through (something that sticks through)”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 挿す sasu “to stick through, to insert”). The sashi changes to zashi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Alternative forms

• 簪, 髪挿, 鈿

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かんざい [kàńzáí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kã̠nd͡za̠i]

Noun

釵(かんざし) • (kanzashi) 

1. a hairpin, particularly a fancy decorative hairpin used in Japanese women's hairstyles

Usage notes

This sense is more commonly spelled in kanji as 簪 or in kana as かんざし.

Etymology 3

May be a sound shift from kanzashi.

/kanzaɕi/ → /kazaɕi/

Alternately, this may be a compound of 髪 (ka, “hair”, apophonic form of 毛 ke “hair”) +‎ 挿し (sashi, “sticker-through”).

A folk etymology occasionally encountered is that this as a compound of 花 (ka, “flower”) + 挿し (sashi, “sticker-through”), as many decorative hairpins have floral themes. However, this etymology would mix the Chinese-derived on'yomi of ka and the Old Japanese-derived kun'yomi of sashi, which seems less probable than the above two possibilities.

Alternative forms

• 挿頭

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かざし [kàzáshí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠za̠ɕi]

Noun

釵(かざし) • (kazashi) 

1. (obsolete) an ornamental hairpin (see above)

Related terms

• 挿頭(かざ)す (kazasu): to stick in one's hair (as for decoration); to add decoration on top of something

Korean

Hanja

釵 • (chae, cha) (hangeul 채, 차, revised chae, cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, ch'a, Yale chay, cha)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

釵: Hán Nôm readings: thoa, soa, sai

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.