صور

Arabic

Etymology 1

Denominal verb from صُورَة (ṣūra, “form, image”).

Root
ص و ر (ṣ w r)
9 terms

Verb

صَوَّرَ • (ṣawwara) II (non-past يُصَوِّرُ (yuṣawwiru), verbal noun تَصْوِير (taṣwīr))

1. to form, to create
2. to paint, to draw
3. to illustrate
4. to depict
5. to represent
6. to photograph

Conjugation

    Conjugation of صَوَّرَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَصْوِير)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَصْوِير taṣwīr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُصَوِّر muṣawwir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُصَوَّر muṣawwar
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	صَوَّرْتُ ṣawwartu	صَوَّرْتَ ṣawwarta	صَوَّرَ ṣawwara		صَوَّرْتُمَا ṣawwartumā	صَوَّرَا ṣawwarā		صَوَّرْنَا ṣawwarnā	صَوَّرْتُمْ ṣawwartum	صَوَّرُوا ṣawwarū
	f		صَوَّرْتِ ṣawwarti	صَوَّرَتْ ṣawwarat			صَوَّرَتَا ṣawwaratā			صَوَّرْتُنَّ ṣawwartunna	صَوَّرْنَ ṣawwarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُصَوِّرُ ʔuṣawwiru	تُصَوِّرُ tuṣawwiru	يُصَوِّرُ yuṣawwiru		تُصَوِّرَانِ tuṣawwirāni	يُصَوِّرَانِ yuṣawwirāni		نُصَوِّرُ nuṣawwiru	تُصَوِّرُونَ tuṣawwirūna	يُصَوِّرُونَ yuṣawwirūna
	f		تُصَوِّرِينَ tuṣawwirīna	تُصَوِّرُ tuṣawwiru			تُصَوِّرَانِ tuṣawwirāni			تُصَوِّرْنَ tuṣawwirna	يُصَوِّرْنَ yuṣawwirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُصَوِّرَ ʔuṣawwira	تُصَوِّرَ tuṣawwira	يُصَوِّرَ yuṣawwira		تُصَوِّرَا tuṣawwirā	يُصَوِّرَا yuṣawwirā		نُصَوِّرَ nuṣawwira	تُصَوِّرُوا tuṣawwirū	يُصَوِّرُوا yuṣawwirū
	f		تُصَوِّرِي tuṣawwirī	تُصَوِّرَ tuṣawwira			تُصَوِّرَا tuṣawwirā			تُصَوِّرْنَ tuṣawwirna	يُصَوِّرْنَ yuṣawwirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُصَوِّرْ ʔuṣawwir	تُصَوِّرْ tuṣawwir	يُصَوِّرْ yuṣawwir		تُصَوِّرَا tuṣawwirā	يُصَوِّرَا yuṣawwirā		نُصَوِّرْ nuṣawwir	تُصَوِّرُوا tuṣawwirū	يُصَوِّرُوا yuṣawwirū
	f		تُصَوِّرِي tuṣawwirī	تُصَوِّرْ tuṣawwir			تُصَوِّرَا tuṣawwirā			تُصَوِّرْنَ tuṣawwirna	يُصَوِّرْنَ yuṣawwirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		صَوِّرْ ṣawwir			صَوِّرَا ṣawwirā				صَوِّرُوا ṣawwirū
	f		صَوِّرِي ṣawwirī							صَوِّرْنَ ṣawwirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	صُوِّرْتُ ṣuwwirtu	صُوِّرْتَ ṣuwwirta	صُوِّرَ ṣuwwira		صُوِّرْتُمَا ṣuwwirtumā	صُوِّرَا ṣuwwirā		صُوِّرْنَا ṣuwwirnā	صُوِّرْتُمْ ṣuwwirtum	صُوِّرُوا ṣuwwirū
	f		صُوِّرْتِ ṣuwwirti	صُوِّرَتْ ṣuwwirat			صُوِّرَتَا ṣuwwiratā			صُوِّرْتُنَّ ṣuwwirtunna	صُوِّرْنَ ṣuwwirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُصَوَّرُ ʔuṣawwaru	تُصَوَّرُ tuṣawwaru	يُصَوَّرُ yuṣawwaru		تُصَوَّرَانِ tuṣawwarāni	يُصَوَّرَانِ yuṣawwarāni		نُصَوَّرُ nuṣawwaru	تُصَوَّرُونَ tuṣawwarūna	يُصَوَّرُونَ yuṣawwarūna
	f		تُصَوَّرِينَ tuṣawwarīna	تُصَوَّرُ tuṣawwaru			تُصَوَّرَانِ tuṣawwarāni			تُصَوَّرْنَ tuṣawwarna	يُصَوَّرْنَ yuṣawwarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُصَوَّرَ ʔuṣawwara	تُصَوَّرَ tuṣawwara	يُصَوَّرَ yuṣawwara		تُصَوَّرَا tuṣawwarā	يُصَوَّرَا yuṣawwarā		نُصَوَّرَ nuṣawwara	تُصَوَّرُوا tuṣawwarū	يُصَوَّرُوا yuṣawwarū
	f		تُصَوَّرِي tuṣawwarī	تُصَوَّرَ tuṣawwara			تُصَوَّرَا tuṣawwarā			تُصَوَّرْنَ tuṣawwarna	يُصَوَّرْنَ yuṣawwarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُصَوَّرْ ʔuṣawwar	تُصَوَّرْ tuṣawwar	يُصَوَّرْ yuṣawwar		تُصَوَّرَا tuṣawwarā	يُصَوَّرَا yuṣawwarā		نُصَوَّرْ nuṣawwar	تُصَوَّرُوا tuṣawwarū	يُصَوَّرُوا yuṣawwarū
	f		تُصَوَّرِي tuṣawwarī	تُصَوَّرْ tuṣawwar			تُصَوَّرَا tuṣawwarā			تُصَوَّرْنَ tuṣawwarna	يُصَوَّرْنَ yuṣawwarna

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sˤu.war/, /sˤuːr/, /sˤi.war/

Noun

صُوَر or صُور or صِوَر • (ṣuwar or ṣūr or ṣiwar) f pl

1. plural of صُورَة (ṣūra)

Etymology 3

Seemingly a literary corruption of Hebrew שׁוֹפָּר (šōp̄ārā), hence doublet of شَبُّور (šabbūr).

Noun

صُور • (ṣūr) m (plural أَصْوَار (ʔaṣwār))

1. horn (instrument used to signal others)
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 39:68:

     وَنُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا مَنْ شَاءَ اللّٰهُ ثُمَّ نُفِخَ فِيهِ أُخْرَى فَإِذَا هُمْ قِيَامٌ يَنْظُرُونَ

     wa-nufiḵa fī aṣ-ṣūri fa-ṣaʕiqa man fi s-samāwāti wa-man fi l-ʔarḍi ʔillā man šāʔa llāhu ṯumma nufiḵa fīhi ʔuḵrā fa-ʔiḏā hum qiyāmun yanẓurūna

     And the trumpet is blown, and all who are in the heavens and all who are in the earth swoon away, save him whom Allah willeth. Then it is blown a second time, and behold them standing waiting!

Declension

Declension of noun صُور (ṣūr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صُور ṣūr	الصُّور aṣ-ṣūr	صُور ṣūr
Nominative	صُورٌ ṣūrun	الصُّورُ aṣ-ṣūru	صُورُ ṣūru
Accusative	صُورًا ṣūran	الصُّورَ aṣ-ṣūra	صُورَ ṣūra
Genitive	صُورٍ ṣūrin	الصُّورِ aṣ-ṣūri	صُورِ ṣūri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صُورَيْن ṣūrayn	الصُّورَيْن aṣ-ṣūrayn	صُورَيْ ṣūray
Nominative	صُورَانِ ṣūrāni	الصُّورَانِ aṣ-ṣūrāni	صُورَا ṣūrā
Accusative	صُورَيْنِ ṣūrayni	الصُّورَيْنِ aṣ-ṣūrayni	صُورَيْ ṣūray
Genitive	صُورَيْنِ ṣūrayni	الصُّورَيْنِ aṣ-ṣūrayni	صُورَيْ ṣūray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَصْوَار ʔaṣwār	الْأَصْوَار al-ʔaṣwār	أَصْوَار ʔaṣwār
Nominative	أَصْوَارٌ ʔaṣwārun	الْأَصْوَارُ al-ʔaṣwāru	أَصْوَارُ ʔaṣwāru
Accusative	أَصْوَارًا ʔaṣwāran	الْأَصْوَارَ al-ʔaṣwāra	أَصْوَارَ ʔaṣwāra
Genitive	أَصْوَارٍ ʔaṣwārin	الْأَصْوَارِ al-ʔaṣwāri	أَصْوَارِ ʔaṣwāri

Etymology 4

From Phoenician 𐤑𐤅𐤓 (ṣwr /⁠Ṣur⁠/, “rock”).

Proper noun

صُور • (ṣūr) f

1. Tyre (a city in Lebanon)

Declension

Declension of noun صُور (ṣūr)

Singular	basic singular diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	صُور ṣūr	—
Nominative	—	صُورُ ṣūru	—
Accusative	—	صُورَ ṣūra	—
Genitive	—	صُورَ ṣūra	—

Descendants

• → Ottoman Turkish: صور (sur)
  • Turkish: Sur

Etymology 5

Borrowed from Aramaic צוּרָא (ṣūrā), variant of צַרְיָא (ṣaryā), צַארְא (ṣarā, “palm-band”), from Akkadian 𒍝𒊒𒌋 (ṣa-ru-ú /⁠ṣarû⁠/, “a part of the date-palm”).

Alternative forms

• صَوْرَة (ṣawra)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sˤawr/

Noun

صَوْر • (ṣawr) m (plural صِيرَان (ṣīrān)) (obsolete)

1. small palm-tree
2. what is plucked from the palm-tree sitting in the ground, the root of a palm-tree, a palm-trunk

Declension

Declension of noun صَوْر (ṣawr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَوْر ṣawr	الصَّوْر aṣ-ṣawr	صَوْر ṣawr
Nominative	صَوْرٌ ṣawrun	الصَّوْرُ aṣ-ṣawru	صَوْرُ ṣawru
Accusative	صَوْرًا ṣawran	الصَّوْرَ aṣ-ṣawra	صَوْرَ ṣawra
Genitive	صَوْرٍ ṣawrin	الصَّوْرِ aṣ-ṣawri	صَوْرِ ṣawri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَوْرَيْن ṣawrayn	الصَّوْرَيْن aṣ-ṣawrayn	صَوْرَيْ ṣawray
Nominative	صَوْرَانِ ṣawrāni	الصَّوْرَانِ aṣ-ṣawrāni	صَوْرَا ṣawrā
Accusative	صَوْرَيْنِ ṣawrayni	الصَّوْرَيْنِ aṣ-ṣawrayni	صَوْرَيْ ṣawray
Genitive	صَوْرَيْنِ ṣawrayni	الصَّوْرَيْنِ aṣ-ṣawrayni	صَوْرَيْ ṣawray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صِيرَان ṣīrān	الصِّيرَان aṣ-ṣīrān	صِيرَان ṣīrān
Nominative	صِيرَانٌ ṣīrānun	الصِّيرَانُ aṣ-ṣīrānu	صِيرَانُ ṣīrānu
Accusative	صِيرَانًا ṣīrānan	الصِّيرَانَ aṣ-ṣīrāna	صِيرَانَ ṣīrāna
Genitive	صِيرَانٍ ṣīrānin	الصِّيرَانِ aṣ-ṣīrāni	صِيرَانِ ṣīrāni

References

• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 146
• Jastrow, Marcus (1903) A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature, London, New York: Luzac & Co., G.P. Putnam's Sons, page 1271a
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “صور”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[1], London: Williams & Norgate, page 1744
• Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 332
• Yāqūt al-Ḥamawīy (a. 1229) Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, editor, كتاب معجم البلدان [kitāb muʿjam al-buldān]‎^[3] (in Arabic), volume 3, Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, published 1868, page 432 l. 15
• “ṣry⁴”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–

Etymology 6

Root
ص و ر (ṣ w r)
9 terms

Resultative to يَصُورُ (yaṣūru, “to bend towards a shape”).

Noun

صَوْر • (ṣawr) m (obsolete)

1. bank of a river, riverside
2. side of the neck
3. forelock

Declension

Declension of noun صَوْر (ṣawr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَوْر ṣawr	الصَّوْر aṣ-ṣawr	صَوْر ṣawr
Nominative	صَوْرٌ ṣawrun	الصَّوْرُ aṣ-ṣawru	صَوْرُ ṣawru
Accusative	صَوْرًا ṣawran	الصَّوْرَ aṣ-ṣawra	صَوْرَ ṣawra
Genitive	صَوْرٍ ṣawrin	الصَّوْرِ aṣ-ṣawri	صَوْرِ ṣawri

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

Root
ص و ر
2 terms

From Arabic صَوَّرَ (ṣawwara).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sˤaw.war/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

صور • (ṣawwar) II (non-past يصور (yṣawwar))

1. to photograph

Conjugation

Conjugation of صور
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	صوّرت (ṣawwart)	صوّرتي (ṣawwarti)	صوّر (ṣawwar)		صوّرنا (ṣawwarna)	صوّرتوا (ṣawwartu)	صوّروا (ṣawwru)
	f			صوّرت (ṣawwrāt)
non-past	m	نصوّر (nṣawwar)	تصوّر (tṣawwar)	يصوّر (yṣawwar)		نصوّروا (nṣawwru)	تصوّروا (tṣawwru)	يصوّروا (yṣawwru)
	f		تصوّري (tṣawwri)	تصوّر (tṣawwar)
imperative	m		صوّر (ṣawwar)				صوّروا (ṣawwru)
	f		صوّري (ṣawwri)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic صُور (ṣūr, “horn”), probably a corruption of Hebrew שׁוֹפָר (“shofar, horn”).

Noun

صور • (sur)

1. horn, any of several wind instruments with one narrow end into which the musician blows

   Synonym: بوینوز (boynuz)

2. (religion, Islam) the trumpet that will be blown on judgement day by the archangel Israfil

Descendants

• Turkish: sur

Further reading

click to expand

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sur4”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4358
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “sûr”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[4] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1155
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “صور”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[5], Constantinople: Mihran, page 771
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Cornu”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[6], Vienna, column 289
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “صور”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[7], Vienna, column 3002
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “صور”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[8], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1190

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic صُور (Ṣūr), from Phoenician 𐤑𐤅𐤓 (ṣwr /⁠Ṣur⁠/, “rock”).

Proper noun

صور • (sur)

1. (historical) Tyre (an ancient city in Phoenicia, in present-day Lebanon)

Descendants

• Turkish: Sur

Further reading

click to expand

• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “صور”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[9], Constantinople: Mihran, page 771
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “صور”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[10], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1190
• Sezen, Tahir (2017) “Sur”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names]‎^[11], 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 701

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic صُور (ṣūr).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [suːɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [suːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [suːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [suːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [suɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [suːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [suɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	sūr
Dari reading?	sūr
Iranian reading?	sur
Tajik reading?	sur

Noun

صور • (sur)

1. horn, large trumpet

   Synonym: شیپور (šeypur)

2. (Islam) the horn blown by the archangel on judgment day

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic صُور (ṣūr).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [suːɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [suːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [suːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [suːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [suɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [suːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [suɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	sūr
Dari reading?	sūr
Iranian reading?	sur
Tajik reading?	sur

Proper noun

صور • (sur)

1. Tyre (a city in Lebanon)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Arabic صُوَر (ṣuwar).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [su.ˈwaɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sʊ.wǽɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sʊ.wǽɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sʊ.wǽɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [su.wǽɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [so.vǽɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [su.vǽɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	suwar
Dari reading?	suwar
Iranian reading?	sovar
Tajik reading?	suvar

Noun

صور • (sovar)

1. plural of صورت (surat)

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “صور”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ص و ر
3 terms

Etymology

From Arabic صَوَّر (ṣawwar).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sˤaw.war/, [ˈsˤɑw.wɑrˤ]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

صوّر • (ṣawwar) II (present بصوّر (biṣawwer))

1. to photograph, to take a picture

   ضلّت تصوّر حالها زيّ كإنّها بتشتغل معنا.

   ḍallat tṣawwer ḥālha zayy kaʔinnha btištaḡel maʕna

   She kept taking pictures of herself as though she were working with us.

Conjugation

Conjugation of صوّر (ṣawwar)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	صوّرت (ṣawwart)	صوّرت (ṣawwart)	صوّر (ṣawwar)		صوّرنا (ṣawwarna)	صوّرتو (ṣawwartu)	صوّرو (ṣawwaru)
	f		صوّرتي (ṣawwarti)	صوّرت (ṣawwarat)
present	m	بصوّر (baṣawwer)	بتصوّر (bitṣawwer)	بصوّر (biṣawwer)		منصوّر (minṣawwer)	بتصوّرو (bitṣawwru)	بصوّرو (biṣawwru)
	f		بتصوّري (bitṣawwri)	بتصوّر (bitṣawwer)
subjunctive	m	اصوّر (aṣawwer)	تصوّر (tṣawwer)	يصوّر (yṣawwer)		نصوّر (nṣawwer)	تصوّرو (tṣawwru)	يصوّرو (yṣawwru)
	f		تصوّري (tṣawwri)	تصوّر (tṣawwer)
imperative	m		صوّر (ṣawwer)				صوّرو (ṣawwru)
	f		صوّري (ṣawwri)