咬
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]咬 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 口卜金大 (RYCK), four-corner 60048, composition ⿰口交)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 186, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3543
- Dae Jaweon: page 406, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 621, character 2
- Unihan data for U+54AC
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 烄 | *keːws, *kreːwʔ |
| 礮 | *pʰreːws |
| 交 | *kreːw |
| 郊 | *kreːw |
| 茭 | *kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ |
| 蛟 | *kreːw |
| 鮫 | *kreːw |
| 鵁 | *kreːw |
| 咬 | *kreːw, *ŋɡreːwʔ, *qreːw |
| 鉸 | *kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *kreːws |
| 佼 | *kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ |
| 詨 | *kreːw, *qʰreːws, *ɡreːws |
| 絞 | *kreːwʔ |
| 狡 | *kreːwʔ |
| 姣 | *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːw |
| 筊 | *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːw |
| 校 | *kreːws, *ɡreːws |
| 珓 | *kreːws |
| 跤 | *kʰreːw |
| 頝 | *kʰreːw |
| 骹 | *kʰraːw |
| 齩 | *ŋɡreːwʔ |
| 洨 | *ɡreːw |
| 胶 | *ɡreːw |
| 效 | *ɡreːws |
| 効 | *ɡreːws |
| 傚 | *ɡreːws |
| 皎 | *keːwʔ |
| 恔 | *keːwʔ |
| 晈 | *keːwʔ |
| 窔 | *qeːws |
| 駮 | *pqreːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːw, *ŋɡreːwʔ, *qreːw) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw).
(oral sex): Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 口 + 交.
Etymology 1
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
咬 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 齩 | |
Perhaps Sino-Tibetan; compare Chepang ङेव्ह्सा (ŋewh-, “to nibble”) (Schuessler, 2007). The Min vernacular readings are reminiscent of Proto-Tai *giəwꟲ (“to chew”), whence Thai เคี้ยว (kíao) (ibid.).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ngao3
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): gàu
- Eastern Min (BUC): gâ / ngāu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ngau; 6yau
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yǎo
- Wade–Giles: yao3
- Yale: yǎu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeau
- Palladius: яо (jao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ngao3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngao
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋau⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngaau5
- Yale: ngáauh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaau5
- Guangdong Romanization: ngao5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaːu̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngau2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡau⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngâu
- Hakka Romanization System: ngauˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngau1
- Sinological IPA: /ŋau̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gàu
- Sinological IPA (key): /kau⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gâ / ngāu
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɑ²⁴²/, /ŋau³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- gâ - vernacular;
- ngāu - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǎ
- Tâi-lô: kǎ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ka²²/
- IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /ka³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngáu
- Tâi-lô: ngáu
- Phofsit Daibuun: ngao
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ŋãu⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋãu⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gáu
- Tâi-lô: gáu
- Phofsit Daibuun: gao
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡau⁵⁵⁴/
Note:
- kā/kǎ - vernacular;
- ngáu/gáu - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡreːwʔ/
Definitions
[edit]咬
- to bite; to snap at; to gnaw
- to incriminate; to accuse
- to articulate; to pronounce
- 1919, 《新舊約全書：官話和合譯本》 [Mandarin Bible, Union Version], Shanghai: American Bible Society, 士師記 [Judges] 12:6:
- 就對他說、你說示播列．以法蓮人、因爲咬不眞字音、便說西播列． [MSC, trad.]
- jiù duì tā shuō, Nǐ shuō shìbōliè. Yǐfǎliánrén, yīnwèi yǎo bù zhēn zìyīn, biàn shuō xībōliè. [Pinyin]
- they said to him, “Then say Shibboleth,” and he [the Ephraimite] said, “Sibboleth,” for he could not pronounce it right. (English Standard Version)
就对他说、你说示播列．以法莲人、因为咬不真字音、便说西播列． [MSC, simp.]
- to be nitpicking on words
- (of dog) to bark
- (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) itchy
- (neologism, slang, euphemistic) Alternative form of 口交 (kǒujiāo, “oral sex; to perform oral sex on”)
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 一口咬定 (yīkǒuyǎodìng)
- 一口咬死
- 切齒咬牙／切齿咬牙
- 反咬
- 咬人狗
- 咬人貓／咬人猫
- 咬住
- 咬合 (yǎohé)
- 咬合不正
- 咬合調整／咬合调整
- 咬嘴
- 咬嚼 (yǎojué)
- 咬字 (yǎozì)
- 咬字兒／咬字儿
- 咬字眼兒／咬字眼儿
- 咬定
- 咬定牙根
- 咬定牙關／咬定牙关
- 咬手
- 咬文嚼字 (yǎowénjiáozì)
- 咬斷鐵／咬断铁
- 咬春
- 咬牙 (yǎoyá)
- 咬牙切齒／咬牙切齿 (yǎoyáqièchǐ)
- 咬破
- 咬秋
- 咬緊／咬紧
- 咬緊牙關／咬紧牙关 (yǎojǐnyáguān)
- 咬群
- 咬耳仔
- 咬耳朵 (yǎo ěrduo)
- 咬舌
- 咬舌兒／咬舌儿 (yǎoshér)
- 咬舌子 (yǎoshézi)
- 咬舌根
- 咬舌頭／咬舌头
- 咬菜根
- 咬薑呷醋／咬姜呷醋 (yǎojiāngxiácù)
- 咬釘嚼鐵／咬钉嚼铁
- 咬頭／咬头
- 啖指咬舌
- 嚼咬人
- 弄狗相咬
- 怒目咬牙 (nùmù yǎoyá)
- 毒咬
- 炒咬
- 狗咬狗 (gǒuyǎogǒu)
- 老咬蟲／老咬虫
- 虎咬豬／虎咬猪 (hǔyǎozhū)
Etymology 2
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
咬 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiao
- Wade–Giles: chiao1
- Yale: jyāu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiau
- Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: kaew
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kreːw/
Definitions
[edit]咬
- Only used in 咬咬.
Etymology 3
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
咬 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yao
- Wade–Giles: yao1
- Yale: yāu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iau
- Palladius: яо (jao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: 'aew
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*qreːw/
Definitions
[edit]咬
References
[edit]- “咬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #4789”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]咬
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
[edit]- Go-on: きょう (kyō)←けう (keu, historical)、ぎょう (gyō)←げう (geu, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō)←かう (kau, historical)、ごう (gō)←がう (gau, historical)
- Kun: かむ (kamu, 咬む)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]咬 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]咬: Hán Nôm readings: giảo, rao, ngẩu, ngấu, ngảo, ngảu, ngáu
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading げう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading こう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading かう
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading がう
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