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Kalmyk

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Etymology 1

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From Written Oirat ᠊ᡋᠠ (-ba) and ᠊ᡋᡄ (-be). Compare Mongolian (-v); Buryat -ба (-ba), -бо (-bo), -бэ (-be); etc.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /v/, /və/, /va/
  • Hyphenation:

Suffix

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(-v)

  1. Used to form the perfect preterite tense of a verb.

Etymology 2

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From Written Oirat ᡋᡅ (bi). Doublet of би (bi, I, first-person singular subject pronoun). Compare also Buryat (-b, after a vowel including a hidden epenthesis) and -би (-bi, after a consonant).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /v/, [w], [f], [β]
  • Hyphenation:

Suffix

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(-v)

  1. (predicative) Used as a first-person singular copula, meaning ‘I am …’
    Бив.Biv.It's me.
    Хальмгв.Xalʹmgv.I am a Kalmyk.
  2. (predicative) A first-person singular verbal suffix.
    • Ээҗин дун”:
      Киитнл булгиннь уснаснь / Киилгән уһаһад суулав
      Kiitnl bulginnʹ usnasnʹ / Kiilgän uğağad suulav
      From the water of a cold spring / I sat down after washing clothes
Coordinate terms
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Mongolian

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Etymology

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From Classical Mongolian ᠊ᠪᠡ (-be) and ᠊ᠪᠠ (-ba), from Middle Mongol ᠊ᠪᠡ m sg (-be) and ᠊ᠪᠠ m sg (-ba).

Suffix

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(-v)

  1. The terminative suffix, describing past events with no clear aspectual meaning

Usage notes

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  • Mostly used in questions about recent past

See also

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