-ere
Afrikaans
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Dutch -eren. Compare also the more native Afrikaans -ers.
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Suffix
[edit]-ere
- forms the plurals of six nouns
Usage notes
[edit]- In most of the above cases, either the word as such or the plural belongs to a more literary register.
- The noun blaar (“leaf”) is a backformation from a plural originally using this suffix (from Dutch blad > bladeren > blaren).
Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed as part of Latin, French or German verbs. Cognate to French -er, German -ieren, Swedish -era.
Suffix
[edit]-ere
- Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word; such as revolutionere (“to revolutionise”), from revolution.
References
[edit]Italian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Latin -ēre (second conjugation).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ére (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular past historic -étti or (traditional) -ètti, past participle -ùto, auxiliary avére or èssere)
- stem, to form the infinitive of some Italian verbs
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | -ére | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | avére, èssere | gerund | -èndo | |||
present participle | -ènte | past participle | -ùto | |||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | io | tu | lui/lei, esso/essa | noi | voi | loro, essi/esse |
present | -o | -i | -e | -iàmo | -éte | -ono |
imperfect | -évo | -évi | -éva | -evàmo | -evàte | -évano |
past historic | -étti, -ètti1 | -ésti | -étte, -ètte1 | -émmo | -éste | -éttero, -èttero1 |
future | -erò | -erài | -erà | -erémo | -eréte | -erànno |
conditional | -erèi | -erésti | -erèbbe, -erébbe | -erémmo | -eréste | -erèbbero, -erébbero |
subjunctive | che io | che tu | che lui/che lei, che esso/che essa | che noi | che voi | che loro, che essi/che esse |
present | -a | -a | -a | -iàmo | -iàte | -ano |
imperfect | -éssi | -éssi | -ésse | -éssimo | -éste | -éssero |
imperative | — | tu | Lei | noi | voi | Loro |
-i | -a | -iàmo | -éte | -ano | ||
negative imperative | non -ére | non -a | non -iàmo | non -éte | non -ano |
1Traditional.
Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Latin -ere (third conjugation).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ere (verb-forming suffix)
- stem, to form the infinitive of some Italian verbs
Usage notes
[edit]- See ricevere as an example of a regular -ere verb.
- There are two groups of irregular -ere verbs:
- Those in the first group have multiple irregularities (sometimes even in the infinitive), but several related verbs are conjugated in the same way.
- Those in the second group have irregular past participles and/or, in the past historic have an irregular stem in the first- and third-person singular and the third-person plural.
Conjugation
[edit]- Identical to above except for the root stress in the infinitive.
Derived terms
[edit]- assistere, radioassistere, servoassistere, consistere, desistere, esistere, coesistere, preesistere, insistere, persistere, resistere, subsistere, sussistere
- avere, benavere, riavere
- battere, abbattere, combattere, controbattere, dibattere, ribattere, sbattere
- bere, ebere, ribere, strabere, trabere
- cadere, accadere, riaccadere, decadere, discadere, ricadere, scadere
- calere
- cernere, concernere, decernere, discernere, scernere, secernere
- cogliere, accogliere, raccogliere, riaccogliere
- comburere
- competere, ripetere
- compiere (compire), ricompiere (ricompire), empiere (empire), adempiere (adempire), riempiere (riempire)
- credere, ricredere
- cuocere, concuocere, decuocere, incuocere, ricuocere, scuocere, stracuocere
- dire, addire, benedire, ribenedire, strabenedire, contradire, contraddire, disdire, indire, interdire, maledire, stramaledire, predire, ridire (despite ending in -ire, these verbs are conjugated similarly to verbs ending in -ere)
- dirimere, esimere
- dolere, ridolere, sdolere
- dovere, ridovere
- -durre, abdurre, addurre, circondurre, condurre, ricondurre, dedurre, edurre, indurre, introdurre, reintrodurre, rintrodurre, produrre, riprodurre, raddurre, redurre, ridurre, autoridurre, sedurre, tradurre, ritradurre, trasdurre (despite ending in -urre, these verbs are conjugated similarly to verbs ending in -ere)
- eccellere
- essere
- fare, assuefare, disassuefare, contraffare, disfare, sodisfare, soddisfare, liquefare, malfare, mansuefare, misfare, putrefare, rarefare, rifare, sfare, sopraffare, strafare, stupefare, tepefare, torrefare, tumefare (despite ending in -are, these verbs are conjugated similarly to verbs ending in -ere)
- fervere
- fottere, sfottere
- fremere
- gemere
- giacere, rigiacere, soggiacere, sottogiacere
- godere, rigodere, stragodere
- imbevere
- incombere, soccombere
- mescere
- mietere
- muovere, commuovere, promuovere, rimuovere, smuovere, sommuovere
- nuocere, rinuocere
- parere, sparere, trasparere
- pascere
- percuotere, ripercuotere, scuotere (escuotere), riscuotere (riscotere)
- permanere, rimanere
- piacere, compiacere, dispiacere, spiacere
- piovere, ripiovere, spiovere
- porre, anteporre, apporre, comporre, decomporre, discomporre, fotocomporre, ricomporre, scomporre, contrapporre, deporre, ovideporre, diporre, disporre, indisporre, predisporre, ridisporre, esporre, riesporre, sottoesporre, sovresporre, sovraesporre, frapporre, infrapporre, giustapporre, imporre, sovrimporre, sovraimporre, interporre, opporre, posporre, preporre, proporre, controproporre, riproporre, riporre, sporre, sopporre, sopraporre, sottoporre, sovrapporre, supporre, presupporre, traporre, trapporre, transporre, trasporre, ritrasporre (despite ending in -orre, these verbs are conjugated similarly to verbs ending in -ere)
- potere, prepotere, ripotere
- premere, spremere
- reddere
- sapere, presapere, risapere, soprassapere, strasapere
- scegliere, prescegliere, riscegliere, trascegliere
- sciogliere, disciogliere, ridisciogliere, prosciogliere, risciogliere
- sedere, ossedere, possedere, ripossedere, spossedere, presedere (presiedere), risedere (risiedere), soprassedere
- solere
- spegnere, dispegnere, rispegnere
- splendere, risplendere
- stridere
- tacere, sottacere
- temere
- tenere, appartenere, astenersi, attenere, contenere, detenere, intrattenere, mantenere, manutenere, ottenere, riottenere, ritenere, sostenere, autosostenere, trattenere
- tessere, intessere
- togliere, distogliere, ritogliere, stogliere
- trarre, astrarre, attrarre, contrarre, decontrarre, ricontrarre, detrarre, distrarre, estrarre, protrarre, ritrarre, sottrarre (despite ending in -arre, these verbs are conjugated similarly to verbs ending in -ere)
- urgere
- valere, contravvalere, disvalere, equivalere, invalere, prevalere, rivalersi
- vedere, antivedere, avvedersi, disvedere, intravedere, intravvedere, malvedere, prevedere, provedere, provvedere, riprovvedere, ravvedersi, rivedere, sopravvedere, sprovvedere, stravedere, transvedere, travedere
- vendere, rivendere, svendere
- vertere, controvertere
- vivere, convivere, rivivere, sopravvivere
- volere, disvolere, rivolere, svolere, stravolere
- See conjugation tables for details
- accendere, raccendere, riaccendere, incendere
- accidere, ancidere, circoncidere, decidere, incidere, coincidere, intercidere, occidere, precidere, recidere, succidere, uccidere
- accludere, concludere, disconcludere, sconcludere, escludere, includere, intercludere, occludere, precludere, recludere
- accorgersi, scorgere
- affliggere, confliggere, infliggere
- allidere, elidere, collidere
- alludere, colludere, deludere, eludere, illudere, disilludere, preludere, proludere
- annettere, connettere, disconnettere, interconnettere, riconnettere, sconnettere
- ardere
- ascondere, disascondere, nascondere, rinascondere
- assidere
- cedere, accedere, antecedere, concedere, riconcedere, decedere, eccedere, incedere, intercedere, precedere, procedere, recedere, retrocedere, ricedere, succedere
- chiedere, dischiedere, inchiedere, rinchiedere, richiedere
- chiudere, conchiudere, dischiudere, racchiudere, richiudere, rinchiudere, schiudere, socchiudere
- cingere, accingere, circoncingere, circumcingere, discingere, incingere, rincingere, precingere, recingere, ricingere, scingere, semicingere, succingere
- comprimere, decomprimere, precomprimere, ricomprimere, deprimere, esprimere, imprimere, disimprimere, rimprimere, opprimere, reprimere, sopprimere
- conoscere (cognoscere), anticonoscere, disconoscere, misconoscere, preconoscere, riconoscere, sconoscere
- convergere
- correre, accorrere, concorrere, decorrere, discorrere, incorrere, rincorrere, intercorrere, occorrere, percorrere, ripercorrere, precorrere, ricorrere, scorrere, soccorrere, trascorrere
- crescere, accrescere, concrescere, decrescere, discrescere, increscere, rincrescere, ricrescere, screscere, sopraccrescere
- depellere, espellere, riespellere, impellere*, propellere, repellere
- diligere, prediligere, negligere
- dirigere, indirigere, erigere (ergere)
- discutere, ridiscutere, escutere, incutere
- distinguere, contraddistinguere, ridistinguere, suddistinguere, estinguere, stinguere
- distruggere (destruggere), ristruggere, struggere
- divellere, evellere, svellere
- dividere, condividere, ridividere, sottodividere, suddividere
- ducere
- esigere, redigere, transigere
- espandere, spandere
- esplodere, riesplodere, implodere
- estrudere
- evadere, invadere, pervadere
- fendere, difendere, offendere, rioffendere, rifendere, sfendere
- figgere, affiggere, configgere, disconfiggere, sconfiggere, crocefiggere, crocifiggere, ricrocifiggere, crucifiggere, defiggere, infiggere, prefiggere, rifiggere, suffiggere, trafiggere
- fingere, confingere, effingere, infingere
- flettere, circonflettere, complettere, deflettere, inflettere, reflettere, riflettere
- fondere, circonfondere, confondere, riconfondere, sconfondere, diffondere, radiodiffondere, telediffondere, effondere, infondere, rinfondere, profondere, soffondere, suffondere, transfondere, trasfondere
- frangere, affrangere, diffrangere, infrangere, rinfrangere, refrangere, rifrangere
- friggere, rifriggere, sfriggere, soffriggere
- fulgere*, circonfulgere*, refulgere*, rifulgere*
- fungere, defungere
- giungere, aggiungere, congiungere, discongiungere, ricongiungere, digiungere, disgiungere, ingiungere, raggiungere, rigiungere, soggiungere, risoggiungere, sopraggiungere, sorgiungere, sovraggiungere
- indigere*
- indulgere
- ledere
- leggere, eleggere, preeleggere, rieleggere, rileggere
- lucere, rilucere, tralucere
- mergere, demergere, emergere, immergere, reimmergere, sommergere, risommergere
- mettere, ammettere, riammettere, commettere, discommettere, fedecommettere, fidecommettere, ricommettere, scommettere, riscommettere, compromettere, dimettere, dismettere, emettere, estromettere, framettere, frammettere, immettere, reimmettere, inframettere, inframmettere, intermettere, intramettere, intromettere, malmettere, manimettere, manomettere, marimettere, omettere, permettere, premettere, pretermettere, promettere, dispromettere, impromettere, ripromettere, spromettere, rimettere, smettere, sommettere, soprammettere, sottomettere, risottomettere, tramettere, trasmettere, radiotrasmettere, ritrasmettere, ricetrasmettere, teletrasmettere, teleradiotrasmettere, videotrasmettere
- mingere
- mordere, demordere, rimordere
- mungere, dimungere, emungere, rimungere, smungere
- nascere, rinascere
- pendere, appendere, riappendere, dipendere, dispendere, propendere, spendere, sopraspendere, sospendere, risospendere, vilipendere
- perdere, disperdere, riperdere, sperdere, straperdere
- piangere, compiangere, rimpiangere, ripiangere
- pingere, depingere, dipingere, ridipingere, dispingere, impingere, ripingere, spingere, respingere, rispingere, sospingere, risospingere
- porgere, riporgere, sporgere
- prendere, apprendere, disapprendere, riapprendere, comprendere, imprendere, intraprendere, misprendere, rapprendere, riprendere, soprapprendere, sorprendere
- proteggere, sproteggere
- pungere, compungere, espungere, interpungere, ripungere, trapungere
- radere, abradere, eradere, sorradere
- redimere
- reggere, correggere, ricorreggere, scorreggere, direggere, ereggere, sorreggere
- rendere, arrendere, arrendersi, rirendere
- ridere, arridere, deridere, intridere, irridere, sorridere, sottoridere
- rispondere (respondere), controrispondere, corrispondere
- rodere, corrodere, erodere
- rompere, corrompere, dirompere, disrompere, erompere*, interrompere, irrompere*, prorompere, rirompere, trarompere
- scendere, ascendere, riascendere, discendere, condiscendere (condescendere), accondiscendere, ridiscendere, riscendere, scoscendere, discoscendere, trascendere, transcendere
- scindere, prescindere, rescindere
- scrivere, ascrivere, circoscrivere, circonscrivere, coscrivere, dattiloscrivere, descrivere, discrivere, inscrivere, reinscrivere, iscrivere, prescrivere, proscrivere, riscrivere, soprascrivere, soscrivere, sottoscrivere, transcrivere, trascrivere, ritrascrivere
- solvere, assolvere, dissolvere, resolvere, risolvere
- sorgere (surgere), assorgere (assurgere), insorgere, risorgere (resurgere, risurgere)
- spargere (dispargere, espargere), cospargere, ricospargere, conspargere, rispargere
- spegnere, dispegnere, rispegnere
- spergere, aspergere, cospergere, conspergere, dispergere, rispergere
- stringere, astringere, costringere, ricostringere, constringere, distringere, restringere, ristringere
- suadere, dissuadere, persuadere
- sumere, assumere, reassumere, riassumere, consumere*, desumere, presumere, prosumere, rassumere, resumere, sussumere
- tangere
- tendere, attendere, disattendere, riattendere, contendere, distendere, ridistendere, estendere, riestendere, intendere, disintendere, fraintendere, rintendere, soprintendere, sopraintendere, sottintendere, sovrintendere, sovraintendere, portendere, pretendere, ripretendere, protendere, ritendere, stendere, prostendere, ristendere, sottendere
- tergere, astergere, detergere, ritergere
- tingere, attingere, riattingere, contingere, intingere, ritingere, stingere
- torcere, attorcere, contorcere, scontorcere, detorcere, distorcere, estorcere, rattorcere, ritorcere, storcere
- ungere
- vincere, avincere, avvincere, riavvincere, convincere, riconvincere, evincere, rivincere, sopravvincere, stravincere
- volgere, avvolgere, ravvolgere, riavvolgere, capivolgere, capovolgere, convolgere, sconvolgere, risconvolgere, divolgere, disvolgere, involgere, coinvolgere, disinvolgere, rinvolgere, rivolgere, svolgere, risvolgere, stravolgere, travolgere, trasvolgere
- volvere, avvolvere, convolvere, devolvere, evolvere, rivolvere, svolvere, travolvere
See also
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ere m (noun-forming suffix, plural -eri)
- Alternative form of -iere
Usage notes
[edit]- Used in particular after stems ending in -gn-, e.g. ingegnere.
Anagrams
[edit]Latin
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Italic *-ezi, from Proto-Indo-European *-esi, locative case of action nouns, which end in *-os in the nominative. Similar to Ancient Greek -ειν (-ein) < *-ehen, which comes from an alternative locative case form, *-esen.
Note adverbial temere.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈe.re/, [ˈɛrɛ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈe.re/, [ˈɛːre]
Suffix
[edit]-ere
- present active infinitive of -ō (third conjugation)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Italic *-ēzi, in which z changed into r due to rhotacism. Formed by analogy with the short-vowel ending -ere for the Proto-Italic and Latin second conjugation (Etymology 1 above).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈeː.re/, [ˈeːrɛ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈe.re/, [ˈɛːre]
Suffix
[edit]-ēre
- present active infinitive of -eō (second conjugation)
Etymology 3
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈeː.re/, [ˈeːrɛ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈe.re/, [ˈɛːre]
Suffix
[edit]-ēre
- second-person singular present passive subjunctive of -ō (first conjugation)
- second-person singular present passive indicative of -eō (second conjugation)
Etymology 4
[edit]From Proto-Italic -ēri, third person plural perfect active ending.
Suffix
[edit]-ere
- Used for the third person present perfect plural form of any regular verb.
Usage notes
[edit]- This form is obsolete, having been superseded by -ērunt.
Middle Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Dutch *-āri, -ere, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz (masc. agent suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-ere m
- Forms agent nouns from verbs.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse -era, through Middle High German -ieren, from Old French -ier, from Latin -āre.
Cognate to French -er, German -ieren and Swedish -era.
Suffix
[edit]-ere
- Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word; such as revolusjonere (“to revolutionise”), from revolusjon (“revolution”). Equivalent in meaning to English -ize.
References
[edit]- “-ere” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse -era, through Middle High German -ieren, from Old French -ier, from Latin -āre.
Cognate to French -er, German -ieren and Swedish -era.
Suffix
[edit]-ere
- Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word. Equivalent in meaning to English -ize.
References
[edit]- “-ere” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz.
Uncertain ultimate origin, usually held to be from Latin -ārius. Gąsiorowski instead suggests that *-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier *-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂, creating a suffix *-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which were then masculinised by attaching *-ós. He also suggests a relation to Proto-West Germanic *-astrijā.
Cognate with Old Frisian -ere, Old Saxon -āri, Old High German -āri.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ere
- masculine agent suffix, originally applied only to nouns
Declension
[edit]Strong ja-stem:
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | -ere | -eras |
accusative | -ere | -eras |
genitive | -eres | -era |
dative | -ere | -erum |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Old French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ere
- nominative singular of -or (agent noun suffix)
- Le chanteor → li chantere
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms with audio pronunciation
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans suffixes
- Danish lemmas
- Danish suffixes
- Italian terms inherited from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian 2-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/ere
- Rhymes:Italian/ere/2 syllables
- Italian lemmas
- Italian suffixes
- Italian verb-forming suffixes
- Italian verbs ending in -ere
- Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary
- Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary
- Rhymes:Italian/ɛre
- Rhymes:Italian/ɛre/2 syllables
- Italian noun-forming suffixes
- Italian countable suffixes
- Italian masculine suffixes
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin suffix forms
- Latin lemmas
- Latin suffixes
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch suffixes
- Middle Dutch noun-forming suffixes
- Middle Dutch masculine suffixes
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Middle High German
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old French
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål suffixes
- Norwegian Bokmål verb-forming suffixes
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Middle High German
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old French
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk suffixes
- Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Latin
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English suffixes
- Old English masculine a-stem nouns
- Old French lemmas
- Old French suffixes