betör
Appearance
See also: betor
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]betör
- (transitive) to break, smash (window), break down, burst open (door), shatter (mirror)
- (transitive, of head) to smash, break, crack, fracture
- Leesett a tetőről és betört a feje. ― He fell from the roof and smashed his head.
- (transitive) to break in (to cause something new, usually shoes, to function more naturally through use or wear)
- (transitive, figuratively, of a horse or a wild animal) to break in, tame, supple (to make obedient; to train to follow orders of the owner)
- Synonyms: idomít, megszelídít
- (intransitive, with -ba/-be) to break in, break into (to enter a place by force or illicit means)
- Synonym: behatol
- Valaki betört a házunkba! ― Somebody broke into our house!
- (intransitive) to invade, overrun (to enter by force in order to conquer)
- (intransitive, computing) to hack into (to gain unauthorized access to a computer system, a website, or network by manipulating code)
- (intransitive, figuratively, of natural phenomenon, e.g. water, cold front) to rush in, enter
- (intransitive) to break into, enter (to appear somewhere and achieve a sudden, unexpected success, e.g. a new product on the market)
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of betör
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | betörök | betörsz | betör | betörünk | betörtök | betörnek | |
Def. | betöröm | betöröd | betöri | betörjük | betöritek | betörik | |||
2nd-p. o. | betörlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | betörtem | betörtél | betört | betörtünk | betörtetek | betörtek | ||
Def. | betörtem | betörted | betörte | betörtük | betörtétek | betörték | |||
2nd-p. o. | betörtelek | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. be fog törni. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | betörék | betörél | betöre | betörénk | betörétek | betörének | ||
Def. | betörém | betöréd | betöré | betörénk | betörétek | betörék | |||
2nd-p. o. | betörélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. betör vala, betört vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | betörendek | betörendesz | betörend | betörendünk | betörendetek | betörendenek | ||
Def. | betörendem | betörended | betörendi | betörendjük | betörenditek | betörendik | |||
2nd-p. o. | betörendelek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | betörnék | betörnél | betörne | betörnénk | betörnétek | betörnének | |
Def. | betörném | betörnéd | betörné | betörnénk (or betörnők) |
betörnétek | betörnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | betörnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. betört volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | betörjek | betörj or betörjél |
betörjön | betörjünk | betörjetek | betörjenek | |
Def. | betörjem | betörd or betörjed |
betörje | betörjük | betörjétek | betörjék | |||
2nd-p. o. | betörjelek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. betört légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | betörni | betörnöm | betörnöd | betörnie | betörnünk | betörnötök | betörniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
betörés | betörő | betört or betörött | betörendő | betörve (betörvén) | betöret | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem tör be or be is tör. |
potential conjugation of betör
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | betörhetek | betörhetsz | betörhet | betörhetünk | betörhettek | betörhetnek | |
Def. | betörhetem | betörheted | betörheti | betörhetjük | betörhetitek | betörhetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | betörhetlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | betörhettem | betörhettél | betörhetett | betörhettünk | betörhettetek | betörhettek | ||
Def. | betörhettem | betörhetted | betörhette | betörhettük | betörhettétek | betörhették | |||
2nd-p. o. | betörhettelek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | betörheték | betörhetél | betörhete | betörheténk | betörhetétek | betörhetének | ||
Def. | betörhetém | betörhetéd | betörheté | betörheténk | betörhetétek | betörheték | |||
2nd-p. o. | betörhetélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. betörhet vala, betörhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | betörhetendek or betörandhatok |
betörhetendesz or betörandhatsz |
betörhetend or betörandhat |
betörhetendünk or betörandhatunk |
betörhetendetek or betörandhattok |
betörhetendenek or betörandhatnak | ||
Def. | betörhetendem or betörandhatom |
betörhetended or betörandhatod |
betörhetendi or betörandhatja |
betörhetendjük or betörandhatjuk |
betörhetenditek or betörandhatjátok |
betörhetendik or betörandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | betörhetendelek or betörandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | betörhetnék | betörhetnél | betörhetne | betörhetnénk | betörhetnétek | betörhetnének | |
Def. | betörhetném | betörhetnéd | betörhetné | betörhetnénk (or betörhetnők) |
betörhetnétek | betörhetnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | betörhetnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. betörhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | betörhessek | betörhess or betörhessél |
betörhessen | betörhessünk | betörhessetek | betörhessenek | |
Def. | betörhessem | betörhesd or betörhessed |
betörhesse | betörhessük | betörhessétek | betörhessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | betörhesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. betörhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (betörhetni) | (betörhetnem) | (betörhetned) | (betörhetnie) | (betörhetnünk) | (betörhetnetek) | (betörhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | betörhető | Neg. adj. | betörhetetlen | Adv. part. | (betörhetve / betörhetvén) | ||||
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem törhet be or be is törhet. |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- betör in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- betör in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).