deyja
Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse deyja, from Proto-Germanic *dawjaną.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]deyja (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative dó, third-person plural past indicative dóu, supine dáið)
- (intransitive) to die
- Synonyms: andast, sálast, fá bana, látast, (archaic) deyja burt, sofna svefninum langa, sofna hinsta svefni
- Hún dó úr krabbameini. ― She died of cancer.
- Hundruð manna dóu úr hor. ― Hundreds died of hunger.
- Við munum öll deyja! ― We are all going to die!
- Að deyja úr kulda. ― To die from exposure.
- (intransitive) to pass out from drinking
- (intransitive, of fire) to go out
- Synonym: slokkna
- (intransitive, nautical, of the ocean) to calm down, to subside
- (intransitive, of grass) to wither
Conjugation
[edit]deyja — active voice (germynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að deyja | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
dáið | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
deyjandi | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég dey | við deyjum | present (nútíð) |
ég deyi | við deyjum |
| þú deyrð | þið deyið | þú deyir | þið deyið | ||
| hann, hún, það deyr | þeir, þær, þau deyja | hann, hún, það deyi | þeir, þær, þau deyi | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég dó | við dóum | past (þátíð) |
ég dæi | við dæjum |
| þú dóst | þið dóuð | þú dæir | þið dæjuð | ||
| hann, hún, það dó | þeir, þær, þau dóu | hann, hún, það dæi | þeir, þær, þau dæju | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
dey (þú) | deyið (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| deyðu | deyiði * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að deyjast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
dáist | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
deyjandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég deyst | við deyjumst | present (nútíð) |
ég deyist | við deyjumst |
| þú deyst | þið deyist | þú deyist | þið deyist | ||
| hann, hún, það deyst | þeir, þær, þau deyjast | hann, hún, það deyist | þeir, þær, þau deyist | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég dóst | við dóumst | past (þátíð) |
ég dæist | við dæjumst |
| þú dóst | þið dóust | þú dæist | þið dæjust | ||
| hann, hún, það dóst | þeir, þær, þau dóust | hann, hún, það dæist | þeir, þær, þau dæjust | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
deyst (þú) | deyist (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| deystu | deyisti * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
dáinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
| strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
dáinn | dáin | dáið | dánir | dánar | dáin | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
dáinn | dána | dáið | dána | dánar | dáin | |
| dative (þágufall) |
dánum | dáinni | dánu | dánum | dánum | dánum | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
dáins | dáinnar | dáins | dáinna | dáinna | dáinna | |
| weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
dáni | dána | dána | dánu | dánu | dánu | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
dána | dánu | dána | dánu | dánu | dánu | |
| dative (þágufall) |
dána | dánu | dána | dánu | dánu | dánu | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
dána | dánu | dána | dánu | dánu | dánu | |
Derived terms
[edit]- deyja af, deyja niður, deyja út (“to calm down”) (of weather or sea)
- deyja burt (“to die”) (archaic)
- deyja drottni sínum
- deyja ekki ráðalaus (“to not to give up easily”)
- deyja fyrir hendi einhver (“to die at the hands of someone”)
- deyja niður (“to die in heaps”)
- deyja úr hor, deyja úr hungri (“to starve to death”)
- deyja út af (“to die a natural death”), confer lognast út af
- deyja út (“to become extinct, die out”)
- deyja úti (“not make it to the barn, left out in times of autumn”) (of hay)
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Old Norse
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *dawjaną, whence also English die, Old High German touwen.
Verb
[edit]deyja (singular past indicative dó, plural past indicative dó, past participle dáinn)
- to die
- 800s, Hávamál, verse 76
- Deyr fé, / deyja frændr,
deyr sjalfr it sama,
en orðstírr / deyr aldregi,
hveim er sér góðan getr.- Cattle die, / kinsmen die;
the self dies the same.
But a word-glory / never dies
for him, who a good one gets.
- Cattle die, / kinsmen die;
- 800s, Hávamál, verse 76
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of deyja — active (strong class 6)
| infinitive | deyja | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | deyjandi | |
| past participle | dáinn | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | dey | dó |
| 2nd-person singular | deyr | dótt |
| 3rd-person singular | deyr | dó |
| 1st-person plural | deyjum | dóm |
| 2nd-person plural | deyið | dóð |
| 3rd-person plural | deyja | dó |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | deyja | dǿa |
| 2nd-person singular | deyir | dǿir |
| 3rd-person singular | deyi | dǿi |
| 1st-person plural | deyim | dǿim |
| 2nd-person plural | deyið | dǿið |
| 3rd-person plural | deyi | dǿi |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | dey | |
| 1st-person plural | deyjum | |
| 2nd-person plural | deyið | |
Conjugation of deyja — mediopassive (strong class 6)
| infinitive | deyjask | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | deyjandisk | |
| past participle | dáizk | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | deyjumk | dómk |
| 2nd-person singular | deysk | dózk |
| 3rd-person singular | deysk | dósk |
| 1st-person plural | deyjumsk | dómsk |
| 2nd-person plural | deyizk | dózk |
| 3rd-person plural | deyjask | dósk |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | deyjumk | dǿumk |
| 2nd-person singular | deyisk | dǿisk |
| 3rd-person singular | deyisk | dǿisk |
| 1st-person plural | deyimsk | dǿimsk |
| 2nd-person plural | deyizk | dǿizk |
| 3rd-person plural | deyisk | dǿisk |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | deysk | |
| 1st-person plural | deyjumsk | |
| 2nd-person plural | deyizk | |
Derived terms
[edit]- strádeyja (“to die a straw death”)
Descendants
[edit]- Middle English: deyen
- English: die
- Icelandic: deyja
- Faroese: doyggja
- Norwegian Nynorsk: døy, døya
- Dalecarlian:
- Old Swedish: dø̄ia
- Swedish: dö
- Old Danish: dø̄
- Old Gutnish: doyia
References
[edit]- “deyja”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Categories:
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/eiːja
- Rhymes:Icelandic/eiːja/2 syllables
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic strong verbs
- Icelandic intransitive verbs
- Icelandic terms with usage examples
- is:Nautical
- Icelandic class 6 strong verbs
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse verbs
- Old Norse terms with quotations
- Old Norse class 6 strong verbs