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grind

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Grind and grínd

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

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From Middle English grynden, from Old English grindan, from Proto-West Germanic *grindan, from Proto-Germanic *grindaną.

Cognate with Saterland Frisian gríende, griene (“to grind, mill”), Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare) and grind (“gravel, shingle”), Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɡɹaɪnd/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -aɪnd

Verb

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grind (third-person singular simple present grinds, present participle grinding, simple past and past participle ground or grinded) (see usage notes below)

  1. (transitive) To reduce to smaller pieces by crushing with lateral motion.
  2. (transitive) To shape with the force of friction.
    grind a lens; grind an axe
  3. (metalworking) To remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface.
  4. (intransitive) To become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction.
    This corn grinds well.
    Steel grinds to a sharp edge.
  5. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.
  6. (sports, intransitive) To slide the flat portion of a skateboard or snowboard across an obstacle such as a railing.
  7. (transitive) To oppress, hold down or weaken.
  8. (slang, intransitive) To rotate the hips erotically.
    • 1984, Prince (lyrics and music), “Darling Nikki”, in Purple Rain, performed by Prince and the Revolution:
      She said, "How'd you like to waste some time?" / And I could not resist when I saw little Nikki grind
  9. (slang) To dance in a sexually suggestive way with both partners in very close proximity, often pressed against each other.
  10. (slang) To rub one's body against another's in a sexual way; to frottage.
    • 2013 February 26, Elizabeth Hoyt, Lord of Darkness: Number 5 in series, Hachette UK, →ISBN:
      She wanted to grind herself against him, wanted to moan, loud and free, wanted to take his hand and make him touch her more firmly.
    • 2016 August 16, Heather McGovern, A Moment of Bliss, Lyrical Press, →ISBN:
      He ground against her until he was muttering curses, his kiss rougher than before.
    • 2017 December 17, Becca Fanning, Shifter Royal Dynasty Vol 1 (Royal BBW Bear Shifter Secret Baby Romance Series), Gizmo Media:
      She kept grinding until they were both spent: their bliss washing over them entirely.
    • 2020 April 7, Laurelin Paige, Claire Contreras, Sierra Simone, Skye Warren, Annika Martin, Need You Now, Top Shelf Romance LLC:
      This morning, we woke up and made out for a solid forty-five minutes, grinding like teenagers until she came against my thigh.
  11. (video games) To repeat a task a large number of times in a row to achieve a specific goal.
    These enemies give lots of loot when killed, so many players fight them to grind for resources.
    The first level of the game is the best place to grind extra lives.
    • 2013, Will Luton, Free-to-Play: Making Money From Games You Give Away, New Riders, →ISBN, page 38:
      Similarly, nearly all massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), such as Dungeons & Dragons Online, feature grind: Players repeat tasks, or often “quests”, to gain in-game currency to spend on weapons or other ancillary items.
    • 2015 February 14, Steven Strom, “Evolve Review: Middle of the food chain”, in Ars Technica‎[1]:
      To extend the variety past that, you'll need to unlock new units in each class, meaning you have to grind through the rather lengthy process of using every one of your class’ weapons and skills significantly across several matches.
  12. (transitive) To operate by turning a crank.
    to grind an organ
  13. To produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank.
  14. (computing, dated) To automatically format and indent code.
  15. (slang, Hawaii) To eat.
    Eh, brah, let's go grind.
  16. To instill through repetitive teaching.
    Grinding lessons into students' heads does not motivate them to learn.
  17. (intransitive, slang) To work or study hard; to hustle or drudge.
    Grinding Leetcode
    • 1862, Frederic W. Farrar, St. Winifred's: or the World of School:
      One evening, during evening work, Charlie was trying hard to do the verses which had been set to his form. […] Wilton, whose conduct had been more impertinent than that of any one else, said to Charlie—
      “I say, young Evson, how you are grinding.”
      “I have these verses to do,” said Charlie simply.
  18. (transitive, slang) To annoy or irritate (a person); to grind one's gears.
    • 2003, Steven Wunderink, Minding Your Spiritual Business: Life Stories with Life Sense, page 139:
      I need to pontificate on something that really grinds me. So here goes. I am sick and tired of lazy thinkers using the defense of “legislated morality.”
Usage notes
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  • In the sports and video game senses, the past participle and past tense form grinded is often used instead of the irregular form ground.
  • Historically, there also existed a past participle form grounden, but it is now archaic or obsolete.
  • When used to denote sexually suggestive dancing between two partners, the past participle and past tense form grinded is almost always used.
Conjugation
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Strong conjugation (all other senses)
Conjugation of grind
infinitive (to) grind
present tense past tense
1st-person singular grind ground
2nd-person singular grind, grindest† ground, groundst†, groundest†
3rd-person singular grinds, grindeth† ground
plural grind
subjunctive grind ground
imperative grind —
participles grinding ground, grounden†

†Archaic or obsolete.

Weak conjugation (sports, video games, dance move)
Conjugation of grind
infinitive (to) grind
present tense past tense
1st-person singular grind grinded
2nd-person singular
3rd-person singular grinds
plural grind
subjunctive grind grinded
imperative grind —
participles grinding grinded
Derived terms
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Translations
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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grind (countable and uncountable, plural grinds)

  1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.
  2. Something that has been reduced to powder, something that has been ground.
  3. A specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans.
    This bag contains espresso grind.
  4. A tedious and laborious task.
    Synonym: chore
    This homework is a grind.
    • 1961 February, D. Bertram, “The lines to Wetherby and their traffic”, in Trains Illustrated, page 101:
      Running again in more open agricultural country, the Harrogate line encounters a short downgrade before the stiff uphill grind to Harrogate begins.
  5. A grinding trick on a skateboard or snowboard.
  6. (archaic, slang) One who studies hard.
    Synonym: swot
    • 1900, “Gifford Arthur Nelson”, in The Naughty-Naughtian, page 118:
      If you are at all bright, don't be a grind. Grinding may make a second-hand genius of you (for all the real things are dead), and if you become a genius you will be sure to smoke dope or swallow laudanum. They all did it.
    • 1911, Sunset, volume 27, page 440:
      […] I suppose I don't know much about books, compared with you—”
      “Oh, I was never much of a grind,” the other cut in hastily.
  7. (uncountable, music) Clipping of grindcore (“subgenre of heavy metal”).
  8. (uncountable, slang) Hustle; hard work.
    I've been on the grind all week, trying to make ends meet.
    • 2023 September 20, Lucy Ford, “How pop-music's hustle culture anthem was made redundant”, in GQ‎[2]:
      Everyone has to work, they mourned, and that takes its toll. They weren't glamourising the grind because they knew their effort didn't match the supposed rewards.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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From Faroese grind (“pilot-whale meat”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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grind (plural grinds)

  1. A traditional communal pilot whale hunt in the Faroe Islands.
Synonyms
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Anagrams

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Albanian

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Etymology

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Either a nasal variant of grij or gërdhij, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ- (compare English grind, Lithuanian gréndžiu (“to scrape, scratch”). Same sense development as with grih.

Verb

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grind (aorist grinda, participle grindur)

  1. to brawl, to fight, to wrangle over
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Dutch

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Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nl

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Dutch grint, grinde, from Old Dutch *grinda, from Proto-Germanic *grindō (“sand, pebbles”).

Alternative forms

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Noun

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grind n (uncountable)

  1. (geology) gravel, pebbles, shingle
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Afrikaans: grint

Etymology 2

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From Germanic, perhaps from the above root as a crusty rash.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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grind n (uncountable)

  1. (archaic, pathology) the diseases scabies (human), mange (canine)
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Anagrams

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Faroese

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse grind (“gate”).

Pronunciation

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This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Noun

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grind f (genitive singular grindar, plural grindir)

  1. A framework
  2. A grille
Declension
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f2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative grind grindin grindir grindirnar
accusative grind grindina grindir grindirnar
dative grind grindini grindum grindunum
genitive grindar grindarinnar grinda grindanna

Etymology 2

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The term is a Faroese invention. A school of pilot whales reminds of a framework (see grind above) in the sea, by swimming very close to each other. More likely the word is related to the English word ground and refers to the whales frequently running aground or easily driven onto ground. Another theory suggests it refers to grinding, scraping or rubbing, in as mating behaviour.On the etymology of Faroese Grind “school of pilot whales” The Faroese term was loaned in many other languages; compare German Grindwal, Danish grindehval or Dutch griend.

Noun

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grind f (genitive singular grindar, plural grindir)

  1. A school of grindahvalur (pilot whales)
  2. The tvøst (meat) and spik (blubber) of the pilot whales
  3. The act of pilot whaling, grindadráp
  4. (figuratively) An unexpected meal
Declension
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f2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative grind grindin grindir grindirnar
accusative grind grindina grindir grindirnar
dative grind grindini grindum grindunum
genitive grindar grindarinnar grinda grindanna
Descendants
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Icelandic

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Norse grind.

Noun

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grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)

  1. lattice, grid, grille
  2. framework
  3. (order theory) lattice
Declension
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Declension of grind (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative grind grindin grindur grindurnar
accusative grind grindina grindur grindurnar
dative grind grindinni grindum grindunum
genitive grindar grindarinnar grinda grindanna

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Faroese grind.

Noun

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grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)

  1. pilot whale
    Synonyms: grindahvalur, marsvín
Declension
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Declension of grind (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative grind grindin grindur grindurnar
accusative grind grindina grindur grindurnar
dative grind grindinni grindum grindunum
genitive grindar grindarinnar grinda grindanna

Anagrams

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology

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From Old Norse grind.

Noun

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grind f or m (definite singular grinda or grinden, indefinite plural grinder, definite plural grindene)

  1. A hinged gate across a road or path where it is intersected by a fence.
  2. A framework
  3. A grille

Derived terms

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn
Lukk grinda!

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɡrɪnd/, /ɡrɪnː/
  • (dialects with palatalization) IPA(key): /ɡrɪɲː/

Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Norse grind.

Noun

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grind f (definite singular grinda, indefinite plural grinder, definite plural grindene)

  1. A hinged gate across a road or path where it is intersected by a fence.
    Ha att grinda!
    Close the gate!
  2. A framework
  3. A grille
Inflection
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Historical inflection of grind
indefinite singular definite singular indefinite plural definite plural
Aasen1 Grind Grindi Grindar Grindarna
1901 grindarne (grindane)
1917 grinda, grindi grinder grindene
1938 grinda [grindi]
2012 (current) grind grinda grinder grindene

Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. 1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century.

Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from English grind

Noun

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grind m (definite singular grinden, uncountable)

  1. (music) Clipping of grindcore.

References

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Old Norse

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *grindiz.

Noun

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grind f (genitive grindar, plural grindr)

  1. a gate made of spars or bars
  2. haven, dock
  3. storehouses

Declension

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  Declension of grind (strong i-stem)
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative grind grindin grindir grindirnar
accusative grind grindina grindir grindirnar
dative grind grindinni grindum grindunum
genitive grindar grindarinnar grinda grindanna
  Declension of grind (strong consonant stem)
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative grind grindin grindr grindrnar
accusative grind grindina grindr grindrnar
dative grind grindinni grindum grindunum
genitive grindar, grindr grindarinnar, grindrinnar grinda grindanna

Descendants

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References

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  • “grind”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Swedish

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Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv
grind i staket [gate in a fence]
trägrind i mur [wooden gate in a wall]
Would also be called a grind, from similarity to non-solid designs, so not always a hard and fast rule

Etymology

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From Old Swedish grind, from Old Norse grind, from Proto-Germanic *grindiz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ-.

Noun

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grind c

  1. a (non-solid, like a grid or mesh) gate (in a fence, wall, hedge, or the like)
    köra in genom grinden i staketet
    drive through the gate in the fence
    Glöm inte att stänga grinden
    Don't forget to close the gate
    grinden till hagen
    the gate to the pasture
  2. (computing) A gate (logical pathway)
    NAND-grindar
    NAND gates

Declension

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Declension of grind
nominative genitive
singular indefinite grind grinds
definite grinden grindens
plural indefinite grindar grindars
definite grindarna grindarnas

Derived terms

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See also

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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