ides

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ides"

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aɪdz/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɪdz

Etymology 1

From Middle English ides, idus, from Anglo-Norman and Old French ides, from Latin īdūs, a fourth-declension plurale tantum, from the Latin practice of treating most recurring calendrical days as plurals. The Latin term is cognate with Oscan eiduis, both perhaps deriving from an unknown Etruscan term. Middle English and Old French also used the singular form ide.

Alternative forms

• Id., Ides

Noun

ides (plural ides)

1. (historical, often capitalized) The notional full-moon day of a Roman month, occurring on the 15th day of the four original 31-day months (March, May, Quintilis or July, and October) and on the 13th day of all other months.
   • 10th century, Byrhtferð of Ramsey, Enchiridion (Ashmolean MS 328), Book I, Chapter ii, Section 22:

     Þa monðas þe habbað iiii nonas æfter kalendas... habbað to idus xiii dagas and to ii kalendas eahtatyne.

     Those months that have 4 nones after the kalends... have 13 days to the ides and eighteen to the second kalends.

   • 1679, J. Moxon, Mathematics made Easie, page 26:

     The Roman Month its several days divides
     By reckoning backwards, Calends, Nones, and Ides.

   • 1967, Agnes Kirsopp Michels, Calendar of the Roman Republic, page 22:

     For the modern reader of Latin the most irritating pecularity of this system of dating is that the days after the Ides of any month carry the name of the following month... Another trap for the unwary lies in the fact that the Roman calendars given in most reference books are Julian, not pre-Julian. When Caesar added ten days to the Roman year he put them near the ends of the seven 29-day months, one or two in each. As a result, instead of the day after the Ides of all months being a.d. XVII Kal., in these seven months it is either a.d. XVIII Kal. or a.d. XIX Kal., and all the following days change correspondingly.

   • 2011, Robert A. Kaster trans. Macrobius, Saturnalia, Book I, Chapter xiv, Section 8:

     [March, May, Quintilis, and October] also have their Nones on the seventh, as Numa ordained, because Julius changed nothing about them. As for January, Sextilis, and December, they still have their Nones on the fifth, though they began to have thirty-one days after Caesar added two days to each, and it is nineteen days from their Ides to the following Kalends, because in adding the two days Caesar did not want to insert them before either the Nones or the Ides, lest an unprecedented postponement mar religious observance associated with the Nones or Ides themselves, which have a fixed date.

   The third day before the ides of March is March 13th; the third ides of August is August 11th; and the third of the ides of November is November 11th.

Usage notes

English use of the Roman calendrical term always employs the Romans' inclusive dating, including the ides itself when counting. Thus, the "third day before the ides of March" (a.d. iii Id. Mart.) is March 13th: two days before March 15th, not three.

English usage also often follows the Latin contraction of the phrasing, which omits the words ante diem. March 13th may appear as the "third ides of March" or the "third of the ides of March". Thus, the "second ides" (pridie idus) is the 14th day of the old long months and the 12th day of the other months; the "third ides" (tertia idus) is the day before that; the "fourth ides" is the day before that; and so on until the "eighth ides", which is preceded by the nones in every month.

Coordinate terms

• calends, nones

Derived terms

• ides of April
• ides of March

 

Translations

day in the Roman calendar

• Dutch: iden
• French: ides (fr) f
• German: Iden (de) pl
• Hungarian: idus (hu)
• Latin: Īdūs f pl
• Polish: idy (pl) f pl
• Portuguese: idos m
• Russian: иды (ru) pl (idy)
• Spanish: idus (es) m

Etymology 2

See ide.

Noun

ides

1. plural of ide

Anagrams

• Edis, Desi, eids, deis, ESDI, DESI, IEDs, SEID, EIDs, -side, side, sied, Eids, Dies, Dise, dies, desi, Side

Galician

Verb

ides

1. second-person plural present indicative of ir

Old English

Alternative forms

• ydes

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *idisi, from Proto-Germanic *idisiz (“woman”), potentially from Proto-Indo-European *h₂idʰ-és- (“fire, flame, burning”). Cognate with Old Saxon idis and Old High German itis. According to Jacob Grimm it is also cognate with Old Norse dís ("goddess"), but this is heavily debated.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.des/

Noun

ides f

1. (poetic) woman, lady; queen
2. virgin, young lady

Declension

Declension of ides (strong ō-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	ides	idesa, idese
accusative	idese	idesa, idese
genitive	idese	idesa
dative	idese	idesum

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈi.d͡ʒis/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈi.d͡ʒis/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈi.d͡ʒiʃ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈi.des/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈi.dɨʃ/ [ˈi.ðɨʃ]

• Hyphenation: i‧des

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

ides m pl

1. plural of ide

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese ides, from Latin ītis.

Verb

ides

1. second-person plural present indicative of ir

Spanish

Etymology

From ītis, second person plural present indicative active of īre (“to go”).

Verb

ides

1. (archaic) second-person plural present indicative of ir

   Synonym: vais

Usage notes

No longer used in modern Spanish, with vais being used instead.