kjósa

See also: kjosa

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse kjósa, from Proto-Germanic *keusaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃʰɔuːsa/
• Rhymes: -ɔuːsa

Verb

kjósa (third person singular past indicative keys, third person plural past indicative kusu, supine kosið)

1. to choose

Conjugation

Conjugation of kjósa (group v-39s)
infinitive	kjósa
supine	kosið
participle (a27)1	kjósandi	kosin
	present	past
first singular	kjósi	keys
second singular	kýsur	keyst
third singular	kýsur	keys
plural	kjósa	kusu
	imperative
singular	kjós!
plural	kjósið!
1Only the past participle being declined.

Synonyms

• kjøra
• greiða atkvøðu
• velja

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse kjósa, from Proto-Germanic *keusaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈcʰouːsa/
• Rhymes: -ouːsa

Verb

kjósa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative kaus, third-person plural past indicative kusu, supine kosið)

1. to vote
2. (with accusative, transitive) to vote for somebody

   Ég kaus þann sem tapaði.

   I voted for the one who lost.

3. to elect
4. to choose, to select
5. to prefer

Conjugation

Note: Remnants of earlier forms still exist: past kjöri (occasional modern use), past plural kuru or kjöru (now obsolete), past participle kjörinn (fairly common).

kjósa — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að kjósa
supine (sagnbót)		kosið
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		kjósandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég kýs	við kjósum	present (nútíð)	ég kjósi	við kjósum
	þú kýst	þið kjósið		þú kjósir	þið kjósið
	hann, hún, það kýs	þeir, þær, þau kjósa		hann, hún, það kjósi	þeir, þær, þau kjósi
past (þátíð)	ég kaus	við kusum	past (þátíð)	ég kysi	við kysum
	þú kaust	þið kusuð		þú kysir	þið kysuð
	hann, hún, það kaus	þeir, þær, þau kusu		hann, hún, það kysi	þeir, þær, þau kysu
imperative (boðháttur)	kjós (þú)	kjósið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	kjóstu	kjósiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

kjósast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að kjósast
supine (sagnbót)		kosist
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		kjósandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég kýst	við kjósumst	present (nútíð)	ég kjósist	við kjósumst
	þú kýst	þið kjósist		þú kjósist	þið kjósist
	hann, hún, það kýst	þeir, þær, þau kjósast		hann, hún, það kjósist	þeir, þær, þau kjósist
past (þátíð)	ég kaust	við kusumst	past (þátíð)	ég kysist	við kysumst
	þú kaust	þið kusust		þú kysist	þið kysust
	hann, hún, það kaust	þeir, þær, þau kusust		hann, hún, það kysist	þeir, þær, þau kysust
imperative (boðháttur)	kjóst (þú)	kjósist (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	kjóstu	kjósisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

kosinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	kosinn	kosin	kosið		kosnir	kosnar	kosin
accusative (þolfall)	kosinn	kosna	kosið		kosna	kosnar	kosin
dative (þágufall)	kosnum	kosinni	kosnu		kosnum	kosnum	kosnum
genitive (eignarfall)	kosins	kosinnar	kosins		kosinna	kosinna	kosinna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	kosni	kosna	kosna		kosnu	kosnu	kosnu
accusative (þolfall)	kosna	kosnu	kosna		kosnu	kosnu	kosnu
dative (þágufall)	kosna	kosnu	kosna		kosnu	kosnu	kosnu
genitive (eignarfall)	kosna	kosnu	kosna		kosnu	kosnu	kosnu

Synonyms

• (vote): greiða atkvæði
• (select): velja

Derived terms

• kjör
• kosning
• valkyrja, “slain-chooser”, valkyrie

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *keusaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews-.

Compare Old English ċēosan (English choose), Old Frisian kiāsa (West Frisian kieze), Old Saxon kiosan (Low German kesen), Dutch kiezen, Old High German kiosan, chiosan (German kiesen), Gothic 𐌺𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (kiusan).

Verb

kjósa

1. (transitive) to choose
2. to desire, wish
3. to elect

   kjósa biskup

   to elect a bishop

4. (with prepositions) to select

Conjugation

Alternatively, in the Old Icelandic dialect, this verb can receive a weak inflection pattern in its past tenses. See also frjósa for this.

Conjugation of kjósa — active (strong class 2)

infinitive	kjósa
present participle	kjósandi
past participle	kosinn
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	kýs	kaus
2nd-person singular	kýss	kaust
3rd-person singular	kýss	kaus
1st-person plural	kjósum	kusum
2nd-person plural	kjósið	kusuð
3rd-person plural	kjósa	kusu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	kjósa	kysa
2nd-person singular	kjósir	kysir
3rd-person singular	kjósi	kysi
1st-person plural	kjósim	kysim
2nd-person plural	kjósið	kysið
3rd-person plural	kjósi	kysi
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	kjós
1st-person plural	kjósum
2nd-person plural	kjósið

Conjugation of kjósa — mediopassive (strong class 2)

infinitive	kjósask
present participle	kjósandisk
past participle	kosizk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	kjósumk	kusumk
2nd-person singular	kjósk	kausk
3rd-person singular	kjósk	kausk
1st-person plural	kjósumsk	kusumsk
2nd-person plural	kjósizk	kusuzk
3rd-person plural	kjósask	kususk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	kjósumk	kysumk
2nd-person singular	kjósisk	kysisk
3rd-person singular	kjósisk	kysisk
1st-person plural	kjósimsk	kysimsk
2nd-person plural	kjósizk	kysizk
3rd-person plural	kjósisk	kysisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	kjósk
1st-person plural	kjósumsk
2nd-person plural	kjósizk

Conjugation of kjósa — active (strong class 2, weak inflection in past tense)

infinitive	kjósa
present participle	kjósandi
past participle	kørinn
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	kýs	køra
2nd-person singular	kýss	kørir
3rd-person singular	kýss	køri
1st-person plural	kjósum	kørum
2nd-person plural	kjósið	køruð
3rd-person plural	kjósa	køru
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	kjósa	køra
2nd-person singular	kjósir	kørir
3rd-person singular	kjósi	køri
1st-person plural	kjósim	kørim
2nd-person plural	kjósið	kørið
3rd-person plural	kjósi	køri
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	kjós
1st-person plural	kjósum
2nd-person plural	kjósið

Conjugation of kjósa — mediopassive (strong class 2, weak inflection in past tense)

infinitive	kjósask
present participle	kjósandisk
past participle	kørizk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	kjósumk	kørumk
2nd-person singular	kýsk	kørisk
3rd-person singular	kýsk	kørisk
1st-person plural	kjósumsk	kørumsk
2nd-person plural	kjósizk	køruzk
3rd-person plural	kjósask	kørusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	kjósumk	kørumk
2nd-person singular	kjósisk	kørisk
3rd-person singular	kjósisk	kørisk
1st-person plural	kjósimsk	kørimsk
2nd-person plural	kjósizk	kørizk
3rd-person plural	kjósisk	kørisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	kjósk
1st-person plural	kjósumsk
2nd-person plural	kjósizk

Related terms

• kjǫr n, kør n (“choice, decision, election”)

Descendants

• Icelandic: kjósa
• Faroese: kjósa
• Norwegian Nynorsk: kjosa, kjose
• Old Swedish: kiūsa
  • Swedish: tjusa
• Danish: kyse

References

• “kjósa”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press