mušti
Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Of unclear origin.
Within Balto-Slavic, a connection can be drawn with Latvian mustavas (“warping beam”) (compare muštùvas), Slovene mašiti (“fill, clog up”), and perhaps Bulgarian му́ша (múša, “stab, poke”) < *moux-.[1] These forms point to Proto-Indo-European -s- and a root of *mews- (“poke, beat”); compare Sanskrit मुष्णाति (muṣṇāti, “steal, break”).
Another theory, espoused by Beekes,[2] suggests that the root is Proto-Indo-European *h₂muḱ-; compare Ancient Greek ἀμύσσω (amússō, “scratch, tear”), Latin mūcrō (“sharp point”), and perhaps Proto-Indo-Iranian *muštíš (“fist”). However, neither the semantic nor formal arguments make a convincing case for the Lithuanian term to belong here.[3]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]mùšti (third-person present tense mùša, third-person past tense mùšė)
- (transitive) to beat, strike, hit
- (transitive) fight off, fight back (send an opponent into retreat)
- (transitive, cooking) pound, tenderize (of meat)
- (intransitive) beat, throb, pulsate (of the heart)
- (intransitive) strike, chime (of clocks)
- (intransitive, shooting) shoot
- (transitive, sports) score a goal
- (intransitive) burst out, erupt; rush
Conjugation
[edit]| singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
mušù | mušì | mùša | mùšame, mùšam |
mùšate, mùšat |
mùša | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
mušiaũ | mušeĩ | mùšė | mùšėme, mùšėm |
mùšėte, mùšėt |
mùšė | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
mùšdavau | mùšdavai | mùšdavo | mùšdavome, mùšdavom |
mùšdavote, mùšdavot |
mùšdavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) |
mùšiu | mùši | mùš | mùšime, mùšim |
mùšite, mùšit |
mùš | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
mùščiau | mùštum | mùštų | mùštumėme, mùštumėm, mùštume |
mùštumėte, mùštumėt |
mùštų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | mùšk, mùški |
temùša | mùškime, mùškim |
mùškite, mùškit |
temùša | ||
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | mùšąs, mùšantis | mùšamas | |
| past | mùšęs | mùštas | |
| past frequentative | mùšdavęs | — | |
| future | mùšiąs, mùšiantis | mùšimas | |
| participle of necessity | — | mùštinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | mùšdamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | mùšant | |
| past | mùšus | ||
| past frequentative | mùšdavus | ||
| future | mùšiant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | muštè, muštinai | ||
Synonyms
[edit]- (to hit): daužti (daužyti), dobti, kalti, plakti, smogti, suduoti, talžyti, trenkti (trankyti)
- (to pulsate): plakti, pulsuoti, tvinkčioti
- (to shoot): šauti
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- (to hit): varyti
References
[edit]- ^ Zhanna Varbot (1973) “К реконструкции и этимологии некоторых праславянских глагольных основ и отглагольных имен. I [Towards a reconstruction and etymology of certain Proto-Slavic verbal bases and derivatives]”, in Этимология 1971, Moscow, page 11: “*mъxnǫti, *mušiti”
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “mušti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 326