toll
English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (UK) IPA(key): /təʊl/, [tʰɔwɫ], /tɒl/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - (US) IPA(key): /toɫ/, /tɔl/
Audio (US): (file) - (Canada) IPA(key): /toʊl/, /tɑl/
- Rhymes: -əʊl
- Homophone: tole
Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle English toll, tol, tolle, from Old English toll m or n and toln f (“toll, duty, custom”), from Proto-West Germanic *toll, *tolnu, from Proto-Germanic *tullaz, *tullō (“that which is counted or told, reckoning”), from Proto-Indo-European *dol- (“calculation, fraud”).[1]
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Tol (“toll”), Dutch tol (“toll”), German Zoll (“toll, duty, customs”), Danish told (“toll, duty, tariff”), Swedish tull (“toll, customs”), Icelandic tollur (“toll, customs”). More at tell, tale.
Alternate etymology derives Old English toll, from Medieval Latin tolōneum, tolōnium, alteration (due to the Germanic forms above) of Latin telōneum, from Ancient Greek τελώνιον (telṓnion, “toll-house”), from τέλος (télos, “tax”).
Noun
[edit]toll (plural tolls)
- A fee paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market, etc.
- Loss or damage incurred through a disaster.
- The war has taken its toll on the people.
- A fee paid by the owner of materials or other goods for processing such goods, as under a tolling agreement.
- toll ore refining; toll manufacturing
- (business, by extension) A fee for using any kind of material processing service.
- We can handle on a toll basis your needs for spray drying, repackaging, crushing and grinding, and dry blending.
- (US) A tollbooth.
- We will be replacing some manned tolls with high-speed device readers.
- (UK, law, obsolete) A liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor.
- A portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for grinding.
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb
[edit]toll (third-person singular simple present tolls, present participle tolling, simple past and past participle tolled)
- (transitive) To impose a fee for the use of.
- Once more it is proposed to toll the East River bridges.
- (transitive, intransitive) To levy a toll on (someone or something).
- c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
- No Italian priest
Shall tithe or toll in our dominions.
- (transitive) To take as a toll.
- To pay a toll or tallage.
- c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:
- I will buy me a sonne in Law in a faire, and toule for this. Ile none of him.
Translations
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References
[edit]- ^ Whitney, The Century dictionary and cyclopedia, toll.
Etymology 2
[edit]Probably the same as Etymology 3. Possibly related to or influenced by toil
Noun
[edit]toll (plural tolls)
- The act or sound of ringing a bell, especially slowly, as with a church or cemetery bell.
Translations
[edit]
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Verb
[edit]toll (third-person singular simple present tolls, present participle tolling, simple past and past participle tolled)
- (ergative) To ring (a bell) slowly and repeatedly.
- Martin tolled the great bell every day.
- Ask not for whom the bell tolls.
- 1922 February, James Joyce, “[[Episode 12: The Cyclops]]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:
- From the belfries far and near the funereal deathbell tolled unceasingly while all around the gloomy precincts rolled the ominous warning of a hundred muffled drums punctuated by the hollow booming of pieces of ordnance.
- (transitive) To summon by ringing a bell.
- The ringer tolled the workers back from the fields for vespers.
- 1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
- When hollow murmurs of their evening bells
Dismiss the sleepy swains, and toll them to their cells.
- (transitive) To announce by ringing a bell.
- The bells tolled the King’s death.
- 1771, James Beattie, The Minstrel; or, The Progress of Genius. A Poem. Book the First, London: […] E[dward] & C[harles] Dilly, […]; Edinburgh: A[lexander] Kincaid and W[illiam] Creech; and J[ohn] Bell, […], →OCLC, stanza XLI, page 21:
- Slow tolls the village-clock the drowſy hour;
The partridge burſts away on whirring wings;
Deep mourns the turtle in ſequeſter'd bower,
And ſhrill lark carols clear from her aereal tour.
- (figuratively) To make a sound as if made by a bell.
- 1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “Chief White Halfoat”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 213:
- The chaplain's first mention of the name Yossarian! had tolled deep in his memory like a portentous gong.
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
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Usage notes
[edit]A tolling bell refers to a slow sound, as at a funeral, while the tocsin refers to a fast sound, as in alarm.
Etymology 3
[edit]From Middle English tolen, tollen, variation of tullen, tillen (“to draw, allure, entice”), from Old English *tyllan, *tillan (“to pull, draw, attract”) (found in compounds fortyllan (“to seduce, lead astray, draw away from the mark, deceive”) and betyllan, betillan (“to lure, decoy”)), related to Old Frisian tilla (“to lift, raise”), Dutch tillen (“to lift, raise, weigh, buy”), Low German tillen (“to lift, remove”), Swedish dialectal tille (“to take up, appropriate”).
Alternative forms
[edit]Verb
[edit]toll (third-person singular simple present tolls, present participle tolling, simple past and past participle tolled)
- (transitive, obsolete) To draw; pull; tug; drag.
- (transitive) To tear in pieces.
- (transitive) To draw; entice; invite; allure.
- Hou many virgins shal she tolle and drawe to þe Lord - "Life of Our Lady"
- (transitive) To lure with bait; tole (especially, fish and animals).
Synonyms
[edit]Translations
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]From Latin tollō (“to lift up”).
Verb
[edit]toll (third-person singular simple present tolls, present participle tolling, simple past and past participle tolled)
Translations
[edit]Etymology 5
[edit]Verb
[edit]toll
- (African-American Vernacular) simple past and past participle of tell
- I done toll you for the last time.
References
[edit]- “toll”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- “toll”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
See also
[edit]Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Probably from Proto-Celtic *tullom, *tullos (“hole”). (Compare Irish toll, Welsh twll, both meaning "hole" and Asturian tollu meaning "quagmire".)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]toll m (plural tolls)
References
[edit]- “toll” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “toll” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German tol, from Old High German tol, from Proto-West Germanic *dol, from Proto-Germanic *dulaz (“dazed, foolish, crazy, stupid”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]toll (strong nominative masculine singular toller, comparative toller, superlative am tollsten)
- (colloquial) great, nice, wonderful
- (dated) crazy, mad
- Synonym: verrückt
- 1808, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, “Walpurgisnacht”, in Faust: Der Tragödie erster Teil [Faust, Part One][2]:
- Laß uns aus dem Gedräng’ entweichen; / Es ist zu toll, sogar für meines gleichen.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1924, Thomas Mann, Der Zauberberg [The Magic Mountain], volume 1, Berlin: S. Fischer, page 141:
- Wie aus weiter Ferne hörte er Frau Stöhr etwas erzählen oder behaupten, was ihm als so tolles Zeug erschien, daß er in verwirrte Zweifel geriet, ob er noch richtig höre oder ob Frau Stöhrs Äußerungen sich vielleicht in seinem Kopfe zu Unsinn verwandelten.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension
[edit]number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist toll | sie ist toll | es ist toll | sie sind toll | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | toller | tolle | tolles | tolle |
genitive | tollen | toller | tollen | toller | |
dative | tollem | toller | tollem | tollen | |
accusative | tollen | tolle | tolles | tolle | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der tolle | die tolle | das tolle | die tollen |
genitive | des tollen | der tollen | des tollen | der tollen | |
dative | dem tollen | der tollen | dem tollen | den tollen | |
accusative | den tollen | die tolle | das tolle | die tollen | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein toller | eine tolle | ein tolles | (keine) tollen |
genitive | eines tollen | einer tollen | eines tollen | (keiner) tollen | |
dative | einem tollen | einer tollen | einem tollen | (keinen) tollen | |
accusative | einen tollen | eine tolle | ein tolles | (keine) tollen |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist toller | sie ist toller | es ist toller | sie sind toller | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | tollerer | tollere | tolleres | tollere |
genitive | tolleren | tollerer | tolleren | tollerer | |
dative | tollerem | tollerer | tollerem | tolleren | |
accusative | tolleren | tollere | tolleres | tollere | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der tollere | die tollere | das tollere | die tolleren |
genitive | des tolleren | der tolleren | des tolleren | der tolleren | |
dative | dem tolleren | der tolleren | dem tolleren | den tolleren | |
accusative | den tolleren | die tollere | das tollere | die tolleren | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein tollerer | eine tollere | ein tolleres | (keine) tolleren |
genitive | eines tolleren | einer tolleren | eines tolleren | (keiner) tolleren | |
dative | einem tolleren | einer tolleren | einem tolleren | (keinen) tolleren | |
accusative | einen tolleren | eine tollere | ein tolleres | (keine) tolleren |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist am tollsten | sie ist am tollsten | es ist am tollsten | sie sind am tollsten | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | tollster | tollste | tollstes | tollste |
genitive | tollsten | tollster | tollsten | tollster | |
dative | tollstem | tollster | tollstem | tollsten | |
accusative | tollsten | tollste | tollstes | tollste | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der tollste | die tollste | das tollste | die tollsten |
genitive | des tollsten | der tollsten | des tollsten | der tollsten | |
dative | dem tollsten | der tollsten | dem tollsten | den tollsten | |
accusative | den tollsten | die tollste | das tollste | die tollsten | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein tollster | eine tollste | ein tollstes | (keine) tollsten |
genitive | eines tollsten | einer tollsten | eines tollsten | (keiner) tollsten | |
dative | einem tollsten | einer tollsten | einem tollsten | (keinen) tollsten | |
accusative | einen tollsten | eine tollste | ein tollstes | (keine) tollsten |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Uralic *tulka.[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]toll (plural tollak)
- feather (a branching, hair-like structure that grows on the bodies of birds, used for flight, swimming, protection and display)
- feather (a feather-like fin or wing on objects, such as an arrow)
- pen (a tool, originally made from a feather but now usually a small tubular instrument, containing ink used to write or make marks)
- (figuratively) pen (a writer, or his style)
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
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singular | plural | |
nominative | toll | tollak |
accusative | tollat | tollakat |
dative | tollnak | tollaknak |
instrumental | tollal | tollakkal |
causal-final | tollért | tollakért |
translative | tollá | tollakká |
terminative | tollig | tollakig |
essive-formal | tollként | tollakként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | tollban | tollakban |
superessive | tollon | tollakon |
adessive | tollnál | tollaknál |
illative | tollba | tollakba |
sublative | tollra | tollakra |
allative | tollhoz | tollakhoz |
elative | tollból | tollakból |
delative | tollról | tollakról |
ablative | tolltól | tollaktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
tollé | tollaké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
tolléi | tollakéi |
Possessive forms of toll | ||
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possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | tollam | tollaim |
2nd person sing. | tollad | tollaid |
3rd person sing. | tolla | tollai |
1st person plural | tollunk | tollaink |
2nd person plural | tollatok | tollaitok |
3rd person plural | tolluk | tollaik |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Entry #1075 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ toll in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- toll in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic
[edit]Noun
[edit]toll
Irish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Irish toll (“hole, hollow; buttocks, hindquarters”), from Proto-Celtic *tullom, *tullos (“hole”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”). Cognate with Welsh twll.
Noun
[edit]toll m (genitive singular toill, nominative plural toill)
Declension
[edit]
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Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Irish toll (“pierced, perforated; hollow, empty”). See Etymology 1 above.
Adjective
[edit]toll (genitive singular masculine toill, genitive singular feminine toille, plural tolla, comparative toille)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | masculine | feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
nominative | toll | tholl | tolla; tholla2 | |
vocative | thoill | tolla | ||
genitive | toille | tolla | toll | |
dative | toll; tholl1 |
tholl; thoill (archaic) |
tolla; tholla2 | |
Comparative | níos toille | |||
Superlative | is toille |
1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Etymology 3
[edit]From Old Irish tollaid (“pierces; penetrates”). See Etymology 1 above.
Verb
[edit]toll (present analytic tollann, future analytic tollfaidh, verbal noun tolladh, past participle tollta)
Conjugation
[edit]* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Derived terms
[edit]- tolladóir (“borer, piercer, perforator”)
- tollbhealach (“adit”)
- tollchárta (“punch-card”)
- tolltach (“piercing, penetrating”)
Mutation
[edit]radical | lenition | eclipsis |
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toll | tholl | dtoll |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 23
Jamtish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse þǫll, from Proto-Norse *ᚦᚨᛚᚢ (*þallu), from Proto-Germanic *þallō. Cognate with Swedish tall, Icelandic þöll.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Brunflo, Hällesjö) IPA(key): [¹t̪ʰɔl̪ː]
- (Berg) IPA(key): [¹t̪ʰɞ̞l̪ː]
- (Stugun) IPA(key): [¹t̪ʰol̪ː]
- (Fors) IPA(key): [¹t̪ʰɒl̪ː]
Noun
[edit]toll m
- pine, Scots pine tree, Pinus sylvestris
Declension
[edit]Middle English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old English toll, from Proto-Germanic *tullō.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]toll (plural tolles)
- A toll, tax, or charge.
- The privilege to levy fees or charges.
- A waiver from any fees or charges.
- (rare) taxation, payment.
- (rare) An edge, point of difference
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “tol, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-03.
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]toll
- Alternative form of tollen (“to bring”).
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Late Latin teloneum and Old Norse tollr.
Noun
[edit]toll m (definite singular tollen, indefinite plural toller, definite plural tollene)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “toll” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Norse þǫll, from Proto-Norse *ᚦᚨᛚᚢ (*þallu), from Proto-Germanic *þallō. Cognate with Jamtish toll, Icelandic þöll.
Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]toll f (definite singular tolla, indefinite plural toller, definite plural tollene)
- (young) pine
- Synonym: fure
- 1908, Ivar Kleiven, I Heimegrendi : Minne fraa Seksti-Aarom, Kristiania: Aschehoug:
- tolli stod tjukk som hampen so langt me kunde sjå
- the pine[s] stood thick as hemp for as long as we could see
- soft pine wood
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Norse tollr, from Middle Low German tol, from Old Saxon tolna, from Medieval Latin toloneum.
Noun
[edit]toll m (definite singular tollen, indefinite plural tollar, definite plural tollane)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “toll” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *tollą, from Vulgar Latin toloneum, from Late Latin teloneum, from Ancient Greek τελώνιον (telṓnion, “toll-house”), from τέλος (télos, “tax”).
Germanic cognates include Old Saxon tol (Dutch tol), Old High German zol (German Zoll), Old Norse tollr (Swedish tull). See also parallel forms represented by Old English toln.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]toll n
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Scottish Gaelic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Irish toll (“hole, hollow; buttocks, hindquarters”), from Proto-Celtic *tukslo-, *tullos (“pierced, hollow”), see also Middle Low German stoken (“to stab, to prickle”), German stochern (“to pick, to poke”), Sanskrit दति (tudáti, “to push, to strike, to jab, to pierce”).[1]
Noun
[edit]toll m (genitive singular tuill, plural tuill)
- hole, cavity, puncture, hollow
- crevice, perforation
- pit
- socket
- (nautical) hold of a ship
- (vulgar) arse
Derived terms
[edit]- gaoth tro tholl (“draught”)
- toll-putain (“buttonhole”)
- tolltach (“full of holes”)
References
[edit]- ^ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “toll”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language[1], Stirling, →ISBN
Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Irish tollaid (“pierces; penetrates”), from toll (“hole, hollow”). See Etymology 1 above.
Verb
[edit]toll (past tholl, future tollaidh, verbal noun tolladh, past participle tollte)
Skolt Sami
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Samic *tolë, from Proto-Uralic *tule.
Noun
[edit]toll
Inflection
[edit]Even â-stem, lˈl-l gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | toll | |||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | tool | |||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | toll | tool | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | tool | toolid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | tool | tooli | ||||||||||||||||||||
Illative | toʹlle | toolid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | toolâst | toolin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comitative | toolin | toolivuiʹm | ||||||||||||||||||||
Abessive | tooltää | toolitää | ||||||||||||||||||||
Essive | tollân | |||||||||||||||||||||
Partitive | tollâd | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Further reading
[edit]- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[3], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Ter Sami
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Samic *tolë, from Proto-Uralic *tule.
Noun
[edit]toll
Further reading
[edit]- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[4], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
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- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English terms with rare senses
- Middle English verbs
- enm:Law
- enm:Taxation
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Late Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk feminine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with quotations
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms borrowed from Middle Low German
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Middle Low German
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Saxon
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms borrowed from Medieval Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Medieval Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with usage examples
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Old English terms derived from Late Latin
- Old English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English nouns
- Old English neuter nouns
- Scottish Gaelic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic nouns
- Scottish Gaelic masculine nouns
- gd:Nautical
- Scottish Gaelic vulgarities
- Scottish Gaelic verbs
- Skolt Sami terms inherited from Proto-Samic
- Skolt Sami terms derived from Proto-Samic
- Skolt Sami terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Skolt Sami terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Skolt Sami lemmas
- Skolt Sami nouns
- Skolt Sami even nouns
- Skolt Sami even â-stem nouns
- Ter Sami terms inherited from Proto-Samic
- Ter Sami terms derived from Proto-Samic
- Ter Sami terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Ter Sami terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Ter Sami lemmas
- Ter Sami nouns