Fundamentos Generales
Fundamentos Generales
Fundamentos Generales
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11
Components of the Network
Devices (hardware)
End devices, switch, router, firewall
Media (wired, wireless)
Cables, wireless mediums
Services (software)
Network applications, routing protocols, processes, algorithms 12
End devices
14
Servers and Clients
Client
Server
A host
Client, Server, or both.
Software determines the role.
Servers provide information and services to clients
e-mail or web pages
Clients request information from the server.
15
Network
Media
19
Protocols
HTTP
Data
Protocols Header
App
Frame Header IP Header TCP Header Header Frame Trailer
22
Multiple protocols (encapsulated)
HTTP
Data
Protocols Header
App
Frame Header IP Header TCP Header Header Frame Trailer
Data
Server
HTTP Data
Client
HTTP Data
Protocol Data Unit (PDU) - The form that a piece of data takes at any
layer.
PDUs are named according to the protocols of the TCP/IP suite.
Data - Application layer PDU
Segment - Transport Layer PDU
Packet - Internetwork Layer PDU
Frame - Network Access Layer PDU
Bits - A PDU used when physically transmitting data over the
medium 26
The
Communication
Process
27
TAREA EN CLASE: ENCAPSULAMIENTO
29
TCP-IP Protocol
TCP-IP Protocol
Aplication Layer
HTTP
(WWW) DHCP
(IP address
resolution)
FTP
(file transfer) DNS
(domain name
resolution)
SMTP SNMP
(email)
P2P
Telnet (file sharing)
(remote login)
32
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
HTTP HTTP
HTTP
HTTP
Client
Server
Implemented in:
Client program
Server program
Web page (also called a html document)
Web page consists of objects
HTML file
JPEG image
JAVA applet
Audio file
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HTTPS
34
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
FTP FTP
Client Server
FTP was developed to allow for file transfers between a client and a
server.
Used to push and pull files from a server running the FTP daemon
(FTPd).
RFC 959 35
SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
POP3
IMAP
Server
37
Telnet
38
DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
40
P2P
41
Transport Layer Protocols
Transport Layer
43
Transport Layer Role
44
TCP: Connection Establishment
0 15 16 31
Three-way
Handshake
45
TCP: Connection Termination
1. When the client has no more data to send in the stream, it sends a segment
with the FIN flag set.
2. The server sends an ACK to acknowledge the receipt of the FIN to terminate
the session from client to server.
3. The server sends a FIN to the client, to terminate the server to client session.
4. The client responds with an ACK to acknowledge the FIN from the server.
46
Network Layer
IPv4
IPv6
47
Network Layer
48
Network/Subnets Address
172.16.10.0/24 172.16.20.0/24 172.16.30.0/24 172.16.40.0/24
172.16.20.96/24 172.16.40.51/24
172.16.10.55/24 172.16.30.10/24
172.16.1.1/24
172.16.10.3/24 172.16.40.29/24
172.16.20.103/24 172.16.30.111/24
Network 192.168.2.0/24
192.168.1.254/24
Static routes
Manually entered by the administrator
Dynamic Routing protocols
Routers automatically learn about remote networks
Ex: RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, BGP 50
Data Link Layer
52
Physical Layer Protocols & Services
Describe the purpose of the Physical layer in the network and
identify the basic elements that enable this layer to fulfill its
function
Physical Layer Protocols & Services
Describe the role of bits in representing a frame as it is
transported across the local media