Puente 7m
Puente 7m
Puente 7m
Considerando una sobrecarga tipo HL-93 con refuerzo principal paralelo al trafico:
Materiales:
kg tonne
f'c ≔ 340 ―― δc ≔ 2.4 ――― ---- Peso Especifico del Concreto
cm 2 m3
kg tonne
fy ≔ 4200 ―― δa ≔ 2.2 ――― ---- Peso Especifico del Asfalto
cm 2 m3
Aumentando la luz efectiva 0.25m en los extremos de la losa a partir del eje de
apoyo, entonces la longitud total sera:
LT ≔ l + 0.25 ⋅ 2 m = 7.5 m
La ubicación del camión respecto al eje del puente esta en función de la luz, que
debemos tomar en cuenta los momentos producidos por el tándem.
W ⋅ l2
MW ≔ ――= 5.88 tonne ⋅ m
8
⎛2 ⎞ w
E ≔ 0.25 m + 0.42 ⋅ ⎝ ‾‾‾
l ⋅ w ⎠ = 2685 mm ―― = 4800 mm
NL
w
E < ―― =1 verificar
NL
Usar E = 2.685 m
d) Resumen de Momentos
Considerando ζ = ζD ⋅ ζR ⋅ ζ ⋅ I
a) El Momento Ultimo:
t = 0.5 m r ≔ 3 cm ϕ ≔ 2.54 cm
ϕ
d ≔ t - r - ―= 45.73 cm
2
Para un ancho de 1m b≔1 m
Mu ⎛ m2 ⎞
k ≔ ―― ⎜―――― ⎟ = 19.14
b ⋅ d 2 ⎝ tonne ⋅ 10 ⎠
k = 19.14
solve , w1 ⎡
k 0.065045866539796578766 ⎤
-0.59 w1 2 + w1 - ―――= 0 ――― →⎢
0.9 ⋅ 340 ⎣ 1.6298693876974915568 ⎥⎦
w1 ≔ 0.065
f'c ⋅ w1
ρ ≔ ――― = 0.00526
fy
⎡ 280 ⎤ ⎡ 0.0285 ⎤
f'c ≔ ⎢ ρb ≔ ⎢ De la tabla para f'c= 340kg/cm^2
⎣ 350 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 0.0335 ⎥⎦
ρmin ≔ 0.0027
As ≔ ρ ⋅ b ⋅ d = 24.063 cm 2 Ap ≔ As
b) Acero de distribución
1750 mm 0.5
%= m ≔ ――――2
= 20.917 20.917% < 50% = 1
‾
l
AsDist ≔ m% ⋅ As = 5.033 cm 2
b ⋅ Aϕ5I8''
Sϕ5I8'' ≔ ―――= 39.34 cm
AsDist
c) Acero de Temperatura
b ⋅ Aϕ1I2''
Sϕ1I2'' ≔ ―――― = 18.815 cm Sϕ1I2'' < S1max = 1 ok
AsTempR
De 2.3.1. ϕ 1 @ 0.20m.
donde:
r: recubrimiento =< 5cm usar r = 3cm
ϕ : diametro de la barra
d c : Altura de concreto medida desde la fibra extrema comprimida hasta el centro
de la barra
b: Ancho tributario
A: Área de concreto que tiene el mismo baricentro que todos los elementos de C.A
están sujetos a fisuración bajo cualquier condición de carga.
datos:
L≔7 m
t = 0.5 m
r ≔ 3 cm
ϕ ≔ 2.54 cm
b ≔ 20 cm
N≔1
kg
Z ≔ 23000 ―― (para elementos en condiciones de exposición severa)
cm
kg
fy ≔ 4200 ――
cm 2
ϕ
dc ≔ r + ―= 4.27 cm
2
2 ⋅ dc ⋅ b
A ≔ ――― = 170.8 cm 2
N
Z kg
fsa ≔ ―――
3
= 2555.186 ――
‾‾‾‾
dc ⋅ A cm 2
kg
u ≔ fy ⋅ 0.60 = 2520 ――
cm 2
u < fsa ..
kg
usar: u = 2520 ――
cm 2
2.4.1 Evaluación del estado límite de servicios I (Esfuerzo del acero bajo carga
de servicio)
2.4.1 Evaluación del estado límite de servicios I (Esfuerzo del acero bajo carga
de servicio)
datos:
solución:
1 m
MS ≔ ζ ⋅ ⎛⎝MDC + MDW + M'u⎞⎠ ⋅ ――= 26.313 tonne ⋅ ―
1⋅m m
M's ≔ MS ⋅ b = 5.263 tonne ⋅ m
ES
n ≔ ―― = 7.23
Ec
Ast ≔ n ⋅ As = 36.661 cm 2
d ≔ t - dc = 0.457 m
a) Determinar (Y)
(b*y^2)/2 = n*As*C
b
a1 ≔ ―= 10 cm
2
b1 ≔ n ⋅ As = 36.661 cm 2
c1 ≔ n ⋅ As ⋅ d = ⎛⎝1.677 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ cm 3
solve , y ⎡ -14.912043550824161179 ⎤ anotar valores
2
10 y + 36.661 y - 1677 ――― →⎢ analizar valores
⎣ 11.245943550824161179 ⎥⎦
y ≔ 11.25 cm (colocar el valor +)
c ≔ d - y = 34.48 cm
b ⋅ y3
Icr ≔ Ast ⋅ c 2 + ――= 53077.659 cm 4
3
M's ⋅ c ⋅ n kg kg
fs ≔ ―――= 2472.082 ―― fsa = u = 2520 ――
Icr cm 2 cm 2
2.5.1 Ancho de franja para bordes longitudinales de losa: Según Art. 4.6.2.1.4b
de AASHTO-LRFD
E = 2.685 m
Avereda ≔ 60 cm
⎛E⎞
⎜―⎟
⎝2⎠
Eborde1 ≔ Avereda + 30 cm + ―― = 1.571 m
2
E
Eborde2 ≔ ―= 1.342 m
2
Eborde3 ≔ 1.80 m
⎛ Avereda + c1 ⎞
PPVEREDA ≔ a1 ⋅ ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ γc ⋅ 1 m = 0.345 tonne
⎝ 2 ⎠
tonne
PBARANDA ≔ 0.10 ――― ⋅ 1 m = 0.1 tonne
m
wDC ⋅ L 2
MDC ≔ ―――= 9.381 tonne ⋅ m
8
b) Carga por superficie de rodadura (Dw)
hasf ≔ 4 cm
tonne
DW ≔ hasf ⋅ γasf ⋅ 1 m = 0.088 ―――
m
PW ⋅ L 2
MDW ≔ ――― = 0.298 tonne ⋅ m
8
Considerando una línea de Rueda de tándem crítico, una porción tributario de la carga de
vía =1.8 de ancho con la consideración de la Carga de Impacto =0.33 en estado de
resistencia I.
Mmax = 32.768 tonne ⋅ m
MW = 5.88 tonne ⋅ m
⎛ ⎛ Eborde ⎞ ⎞
⎜ ⎜ 0.30 m + ―― ⎟ ⎟
Mmax
⎜ ―― 2
⋅ 1.33 m + MW ⋅ ⎜―――――⎟ ⎟
⎜ 2 ⎜⎝ 1.8 ⎟⎠ ⎟
MUs.c ≔ ⎜――――――――――――― ⎟ = 18.598 tonne ⋅ m
⎝ Eborde ⎠
Resumen de momentos
Considerando:
Considerando:
ζ ≔ 0.95
Mu ⎛ m2 ⎞
k ≔ ―― ⋅ ⎜―――― ⎟ = 20.315
b ⋅ d 2 ⎝ tonne ⋅ 10 ⎠
k = 20.315
k solve , w1 ⎡ 0.069214286810959322305 ⎤
-0.59 w1 2 + w1 - ―――= 0 ――― →⎢
0.9 ⋅ 340 ⎣ 1.6257009674263288133 ⎥⎦
w1 ≔ 0.069
f´c ⋅ w1
ρ ≔ ――― = 0.0056
fy
⎡ 280 ⎤ ⎡ 0.0285 ⎤
f'c ≔ ⎢ ρb ≔ ⎢ De la tabla para f'c= 340kg/cm^2
⎣ 350 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 0.0335 ⎥⎦
ρmin = 0.0027
As ≔ ρ ⋅ b ⋅ d = 25.543 cm 2
b) Acero de distribución
b) Acero de distribución
1750 mm 0.5
%= m ≔ ――――2
= 20.917 17.5% < 50%
‾
l
AsDist ≔ m% ⋅ As = 5.343 cm 2
b ⋅ Aϕ5I8''
Sϕ5I8'' ≔ ―――= 37.059 cm
AsDist
donde:
datos:
datos:
l=7 m
kg
t = 50 cm fy ≔ 4200 ――
r = 3 cm cm 2
ϕ ≔ 2.54 cm
b ≔ 18 cm
N≔1
kg
Z ≔ 23000 ―― (para elementos en condiciones de exposición severa)
cm
ϕ
dc ≔ r + ―= 4.27 cm
2
2 ⋅ dc ⋅ b
A ≔ ――― = 153.72 cm 2
N
Z kg
fsa ≔ ―――
3
= 2646.519 ――
‾‾‾‾
dc ⋅ A cm 2
kg
u ≔ fy ⋅ 0.60 = 2520 ―― u < fsa ...
cm 2
kg
Usar: u = 2520 ――
cm 2
solución:
solución:
⎛⎝MDC + MDW + MUs.c⎞⎠ 1
MS ≔ ζ ⋅ ―――――――= 28.276 m ⋅ ―⋅ tonne
m m
M's ≔ MS ⋅ b = 5.09 tonne ⋅ m
ES
n ≔ ―― = 7.23
Ec
Ast ≔ n ⋅ As = 36.661 cm 2
d ≔ t - dc = 45.73 cm
a) Determinar (Y)
(b*y^2)/2 = n*As*C
b
a1 ≔ ―= 9 cm
2 anotar valores
b1 ≔ n ⋅ As = 36.661 cm 2 analizar valores
c1 ≔ n ⋅ As ⋅ d = ⎛⎝1.677 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ cm 3
solve , y1 ⎡
-15.79791619777231071 ⎤
9 y1 2 + 36.661 ⋅ y1 - 1667 = 0 ――― →⎢
⎣ 11.724471753327866265 ⎥⎦
y ≔ 11.72 cm (colocar el valor +)
c ≔ d - y = 34.01 cm
b ⋅ y3
Icr ≔ Ast ⋅ c 2 + ――= 52064.378 cm 4
3
M's ⋅ c ⋅ n kg kg
fs ≔ ―――= 2404.14 ―― fsa = u = 2520 ――
Icr cm 2 cm 2
⎛ Avereda + c1 ⎞ tonne
PPVEREDA ≔ a1 ⋅ ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ γc ⋅ 2 = 0.69 ―――
⎝ 2 ⎠ m
tonne tonne
Baranda ≔ 0.1 ――― ⋅ 2 = 0.2 ―――
m m
tonne
Asfalto ≔ 3.6 m ⋅ hasf ⋅ γasf = 0.317 ―――
m
tonne
ΣWD ≔ PPLOSA + PPVEREDA + Baranda + Asfalto = 6.967 ―――
m
ΣWD ⋅ l 2
Mp ≔ ―――= 42.672 tonne ⋅ m
8
Ig ≔ Ibruta
fr ⋅ Ig
Mcr ≔ ――= 73.756 tonne ⋅ m
Ycg
⎛ Mcr ⎞ 3
⎜―― ⎟ = 5.164
⎝ Mp ⎠
Mcr Mp ⎛ Mcr ⎞ 3
―― = 1.728 ―― = 0.579 ⎜―― ⎟ = 5.164
Mp Mcr ⎝ Mp ⎠
As ≔ Ap
As = 24.063 cm 2
b⋅m
B ≔ ―――― = 2.759
n ⋅ As ⋅ 100
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 d
2 B ⋅ ―― +1 -1
cm
kd ≔ ――――――= 5.407
B
kd ≔ round ((kd , 2)) = 5.41
3
b ⋅ ((kd ⋅ cm)) 2
Icr ≔ ――――― + n ⋅ As ⋅ ((d - kd ⋅ cm)) = 308202.92 cm 4
3
⎛ Mcr ⎞ 3 ⎛ ⎛ Mcr ⎞ 3 ⎞
⎟ ⎟ ⋅ Icr = ⎛⎝2.454 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ cm
7 4
Ie ≔ ⎜―― ⎟ ⋅ Ig + ⎜ 1 - ⎜――
⎝ Mp ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ Mp ⎠ ⎠
Ie < Ig = 0 ok
Ec ⋅ Ie = ⎛⎝6.786 ⋅ 10 12⎞⎠ kg ⋅ cm 2
WD ≔ ΣWD
tonne
WD = 6.967 ――― l=7 m
m
5 ⋅ WD ⋅ l 4
ΔDp ≔ ―――― = 0.321 mm
384 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Ie
5 ⋅ WD ⋅ l 4
ΔDp ≔ ―――― = 0.321 mm
384 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Ie
ΔDp2 ≔ fp ⋅ ΔB = 18.899 mm
N° de carril=1 Nc ≔ 1
mg ≔ Nc ⋅ m = 1.2
IM ≔ 33%
l
a ≔ ―- 0.7 m = 2.8 m
2
l
x ≔ ―- 3.6 m = -0.1 m
2
m1 ≔ ((a)) = 2.8 m
m2 ≔ ((l - m1)) = 4.2 m
m1 ⋅ m2
d1 ≔ ―――= 1.68 m
l
d1
d2 ≔ ―― ⋅ ((x)) = -0.04 m
m2
d0 ≔ 0
p1 ≔ 3.6 tonne p2 ≔ 14.8 tonne p3 ≔ p2 = 14.8 tonne
d0 ≔ 0
p1 ≔ 3.6 tonne p2 ≔ 14.8 tonne p3 ≔ p2 = 14.8 tonne
P3 ≔ P2 = 23.621 tonne
⎛ Mcr ⎞ 3
Sabemos que: ⎜―― ⎟ = 0.718
⎝ MA ⎠
Entonces
⎛ Mcr ⎞ 3 ⎛ ⎛ Mcr ⎞ 3 ⎞
⎟ ⎟ ⋅ Icr = ⎛⎝3.679 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ cm Ig = ⎛⎝5 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ cm 4
6 4
Ie ≔ ⎜―― ⎟ ⋅ Ig + ⎜1 - ⎜―― <
⎝ MA ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ MA ⎠ ⎠
(ok cumple)
Ie ⋅ Ec = ⎛⎝1.017 ⋅ 10 12⎞⎠ kg ⋅ cm 2
m2
s1 ≔ P1 ⋅ d0 ⋅ ―――― ⋅ ⎛⎝l 2 - m2 2 ⎞⎠ = 0
6 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Ie ⋅ l
P2 ⋅ m2 ⋅ m2
s2 ≔ ―――― ⎛⎝l 2 - m2 2 - m2 2 ⎞⎠ = 0.001 m
6 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Ie ⋅ l x ≔ 0 cm
P3 ⋅ x ⋅ m2 ⎛ 2
s3 ≔ ―――― ⋅ ⎝l - x 2 - m2 2 ⎞⎠ = 0 m
6 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Ie ⋅ l
l
Acv+IM= ACVIM ≔ s2 + s3 = 1.338 mm < ―― = 8.75 mm
800
OK CUMPLE -
datos:
NL ≔ 1
m = 1.2
mg = 1.2
tonne
W = 0.96 ―――
m
m2 = 4.2 m
tonne
WDF ≔ W ⋅ mg = 1.152 ―――
m
WDF ⋅ l 4 ⎛ m2 ⎛ m2 ⎞ 3 ⎛ m2 ⎞ 4 ⎞
ΔDIST ≔ ―――― ⋅ ⎜――- 2 ⎜―― ⎟ + ⎜―― ⎟ ⎟ = 0.337 mm
24 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Ie ⎝ l ⎝ l ⎠ ⎝ l ⎠ ⎠
p ⋅ l3
Δtandem ≔ ―――― = 2.511 mm
48 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Ie
l
Δtandem = 2.511 mm < ―― = 8.75 mm (OK cumple)
800
⎛l l⎞
x1 ≔ 0 cm ⎜―⋅ ―⎟
⎝2 2⎠
a1 ≔ ――― = 1.75 m
l l
x2 ≔ ―- x1 = 3.5 m
2
x1
x3 ≔ 9 m a2 ≔ a1 ⋅ ― = 0 m
l
―
2
P1 ≔ 3.60 tonne
P2 ≔ 14.80 tonne
P3 ≔ 14.80 tonne
E = 2.685 m
m = 1.2
IM ≔ 1.15
Mfat
Mfatmax ≔ δcv ⋅ ――⋅ IM ⋅ m = 8.321 tonne ⋅ m
E
Se tiene:
Se tiene:
kd = 5.41 n = 7.231
Esfuerzo Máximo
n ⋅ Mfatmax ⋅ ((d - kd ⋅ cm)) kg
fmax ≔ ――――――――= 787.173 ――
Icr cm 2
asumimos: r/h=0.30
kg kg
fmax = 787.173 ―― < ff = 1615 ―― (ok cumple)
cm 2 cm 2
l ⋅ m1
MDC ≔ ――⋅ Pplosa = 5.513 tonne ⋅ m
2
l ⋅ m1
MDW ≔ ――⋅ Casf = 0.404 tonne ⋅ m
2
l ⋅ LI1
Mw ≔ ―― ⋅ W = 4.41 tonne ⋅ m
2
Musc ⋅ m
M'usc ≔ ―――= 14.544 tonne ⋅ m
E
ζ ≔ 0.95
Se tiene:
Mu = ⎛⎝3.13 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ cm
d = 45.73 cm
b ≔ 100 cm
Φ ≔ 0.90
-Φ ⋅ fy ⋅ fy
a1 ≔ ―――― ⋅ 10 -8 m 4 = -274.671 kg ⋅ cm
1.7 ⋅ f´c ⋅ b
a2 ≔ Φ ⋅ fy ⋅ d ⋅ 10 -4 m 2 = 172859.4 kg ⋅ cm
a2 ≔ Φ ⋅ fy ⋅ d ⋅ 10 -4 m 2 = 172859.4 kg ⋅ cm
a1As^2 +a2*As-Mu=0
solve , As ⎡
18.660509380678477037 ⎤
-274.671 ⋅ As 2 + 172859.4 ⋅ As - 3.13 ⋅ 10 6 ――― →⎢
⎣ 610.67203755729458892 ⎥⎦
anotar valores
analizar valores
2
As ≔ 18.66 cm
Por razones prácticas no se puede realizar este corte de acero ya que el acero principal Φ1
" @ 0.13. Si realizamos los cortes intercalando el acero será Φ1 @ 0.26 lo que supera el
espaciamiento requerido en esta sección ( Φ1 " @ 0.20)
l ⋅ m1
MDC ≔ ――⋅ Pplosa = 3.216 tonne ⋅ m
2
l ⋅ m1
MDW ≔ ――⋅ Casf = 0.236 tonne ⋅ m
2
l
P1 ≔ 14.8 tonne x1 ≔ ―= 0.875 m
8
P2 ≔ 14.8 tonne x2 ≔ 4.3 m
x4 ≔ l - x1 - x2 - x3 = 0 m
x1 ⋅ ((x2 + x3 + x4))
LI1 ≔ ―――――― = 0.766 m
l
LI1 ⋅ x3
LI2 ≔ ――― = 0.228 m
x2 + x3
LI2 ⋅ x4
LI3 ≔ ――― =0 m
x3 + x4
fll ≔ P1 ⋅ LI1 + P2 ⋅ LI2 + P3 ⋅ LI3 = 14.708 tonne ⋅ m
l
P1 ≔ 11.20 tonne x1 ≔ ―= 0.875 m
8
P2 ≔ 11.20 tonne x2 ≔ 1.20 m
x3 ≔ l - x1 - x2 = 4.925 m
x1 ⋅ ((x2 + x3))
LI1 ≔ ――――― = 0.766 m
l
LI1 ⋅ x3
LI2 ≔ ――― = 0.616 m
x2 + x3
l ⋅ LI1
Mw ≔ ―― ⋅ W = 2.573 tonne ⋅ m
2
Musc ⋅ m
M'usc ≔ ―――= 8.623 tonne ⋅ m
E
ζ ≔ 0.95
Se tiene:
Mu = ⎛⎝1.849 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ cm
d = 45.73 cm
b ≔ 100 cm
b ≔ 100 cm
Φ ≔ 0.90
-Φ ⋅ fy ⋅ fy
a1 ≔ ―――― ⋅ 10 -8 m 4 = -274.671 kg ⋅ cm
1.7 ⋅ f´c ⋅ b
a2 ≔ Φ ⋅ fy ⋅ d ⋅ 10 -4 m 2 = 172859.4 kg ⋅ cm
a1As^2 +a2*As-Mu=0
solve , As ⎡
10.884816256404393587 ⎤
-274.671 ⋅ As 2 + 172859.4 ⋅ As - 1.849 ⋅ 10 6 ――― →⎢
⎣ 618.44773068156867237 ⎥⎦
As ≔ 10.88 cm 2
* Para realizar el corte práctico, se calcula la longitud de anclaje (a), se tomará el mayor
valor de:
* Para realizar el corte práctico, se calcula la longitud de anclaje (a), se tomará el mayor
valor de:
Donde: ϕ ≔ 2.54 cm
d= Peralte efectivo de la losa
ϕ = Diametro de la barra d = 45.73 cm
i1 ≔ 12 ϕ = 0.305 m
⎡ 210 ⎤ ⎡ 55 ⎤
f'c ≔ ⎢ ld ≔ ⎢ ⎥ De la tabla N° 04 para f'c= 340kg/cm^2
⎣ 280 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 47 ⎦
ld ≔ 40
ld ≔ 40 ⋅ ϕ = 1.016 m