Matematica Basic1
Matematica Basic1
Matematica Basic1
https://youtu.be/QudsBd3PTwA
MATRICES
Tema Subtemas
SUBTEMA: 1.- Presentación
SUBTEMA: 2.- Definición
TEMA: 9.- Matrices
SUBTEMA: 3.- Construcción de matrices
SUBTEMA: 4.- Tipos de matrices
CONSTRUCCION DE MATRICES
Ejercicios a Desarrollar:
( ) ( )
a11 a12 a13 0 −1 −2
A= a21 a22 a23 Resultado A= 1 0 −1
a31 a32 a33 2 1 0
a 11=1−1=0
a 12=1−2=−1
a 13 =1−3=−2
a 21=2−1=1
a 22=2−2=0
a 23 =2−3=−1
a 31=3−1=2
a 32=3−2=1
a 33=3−3=0
( ) ( )
b11 b12 b13 b14 1 −1 1 −1
B= b21 b22 b23 b24 Resultado B= −1 1 −1 1
b31 b32 b33 b34 1 −1 1 −1
1+1
b 11=(−1) =1
1+2
b 12=(−1) =−1
1+3
b 13 =(−1) =1
b 14 =(−1)1+ 4=−1
Brithany Scarleth Alava Lequi
b 21=(−1)2+1=−1
2+2
b 22=(−1) =1
b 23 =(−1)2+3=−1
2+ 4
b 24 =(−1) =1
b 31=(−1)3+1=1
3+2
b 32=(−1) =−1
b 33=(−1)3+3=1
3+ 4
b 34 =(−1) =−1
A=
( a11 a12 a13
a21 a22 a23 ) Resultado A= (21 1 0
2 3 )
a 11=2+1−1=2
a 12=2+1−2=1
a 13 =2+ 1−3=0
a 21=2+ 2−1=3
a 22=2+ 2−2=2
a 23 =2+2−3=1
( ) ( )
c 11 c 12 −1 −4
C= c 21 c 22 Resultado C= 1 −2
c 31 c 32 3 0
( ) ( )
b11 b12 b13 b14 2 −1 −1 −1
B= b21 b22 b23 b24 Resultado B= 2 2 −1 −1
b31 b32 b33 b34 2 2 2 −1
( ) ( )
c 11 c 12 c 13 3 5 7
C= c 21 c 22 c 23 Resultado C= 4 6 8
c 31 c 32 c 33 5 7 9
c 11=1+2 ( 1 )=1+2=3
c 12=1+2 ( 2 )=1+4=5
c 13=1+2 ( 3 )=1+6=7
c 21=2+2 ( 1 )=2+2=4
c 22=2+2 ( 2 )=2+ 4=6
c 23=2+2 ( 3 )=2+ 6=8
c 31=3+2 ( 1 )=3+2=5
c 32=3+2 ( 2 )=3+ 4=7
c 33=3+2 ( 3 )=3+6=8
D=
( d 11 d 12 d13
d 21 d 22 d23 ) Resultado D= (35 1 3
3 5 )
1 1
d 11=2 −(−1 ) =2−(−1 )=3
d 12 =21−(−1 )2 =2−( 1 )=1
d 13 =21− (−1 )3=2−(−1 ) =3
d 21 =22− (−1 )1 =4−(−1 )=5
Brithany Scarleth Alava Lequi
d 22 =22− (−1 )2 =4−( 1 )=3
d 23 =22 −(−1 )3=4−(−1 )=5
( ) ( )
c 11 c 12 c 13 1 0 −1
c c 22 c 23 3 2 1
C= 21 Resultado C=
c 31 c 32 c 33 5 4 3
c 41 c 42 c 43 7 6 5
c 11=2 ( 1 )−1=2−1=1
c 12=2 ( 1 )−2=2−2=0
c 13=2 ( 1 )−3=2−3=−1
c 21=2 ( 2 )−1=4−1=3
c 22=2 ( 2 )−2=4−2=2
c 23=2 ( 2 )−3=4−3=1
c 31=2 ( 3 )−1=6−1=5
c 32=2 ( 3 )−2=6−2=4
c 33=2 ( 3 )−3=6−3=3
c 41=2 ( 4 )−1=8−1=7
c 42=2 ( 4 )−2=8−2=6
c 43=2 ( 4 )−3=8−3=5
A=
( a11 a12
a21 a22 ) Resultado A= (35 1011)
1
a 11=1+3 =1+3=3
2
a 11=1+3 =1+9=10
1
a 21=2+ 3 =2+3=¿5
2
a 22=2+ 3 =2+9=¿11
B=
( b11 b12 b13
b21 b22 b23 ) Resultado B= (12 2 2
1 2 )
b 11= (1=1 )=1
TIPOS DE MATRICES
Ejemplos de cada tipo de matriz
() ( )
1 1 0 0
A1 x3= (1 2 3 ) A3 x1= 2 A3 x3 = 0 2 0
3 0 0 3
( ) (12 ) ( )
0 0 0 −4 6 1 6 4
A2 x3 =
N 3 x3= 0 0 0 3 0 A3 x3 = 9 2 7
0 0 0 5 0 8
( ) ( ) ( )
1 0 0 4 0 0 0 −3 −6
I 3 x 3= 0 1 0 A3 x3 = 0 4 0 A3 x3 = 3 0 −8
0 0 1 0 0 4 6 8 0
( ) ( ) ( )
3 1 2 1 8 4 1 0 0
A3 x3 = 1 6 0 A3 x3 = 0 2 6 A3 x3 = 5 2 0
2 0 4 0 0 3 8 6 3
( )
1 0
A2 x2= (
−1 5
−4 2 ) A3 x2 = 5 2
8 6
(
A2 x2= 1 −5 )
4 −2
(
AT 2 x 3= 1 5 8
0 2 6 )
OPERACIONES CON MATRICES
SUBTEMA: 1.- Presentación
TEMA:10.- Operaciones con SUBTEMA: 2.- Adición de matrices
matrices SUBTEMA: 3.- Sustracción de matrices
SUBTEMA: 4.- Multiplicación de matrices
Enunciado:
Cuando las matrices tienen el mismo orden de filas y columnas si se puede calcular aquellas, en
caso de que una de las matrices sea 3x2 y la otra 2x3 (diferente orden) no se pueden calcular.
( B=2 x3)
A=3 x 2
A+B No se puede calcular
( A=3
B=3 x 3 )
x3
A+B Si se puede calcular
Ejercicios a Desarrollar:
( ) ( )
−3 4 0 3
1. Dada las matrices A= 1 0 y B= 2 −1 ; hallar A+B.
−1 2 5 1
( ) ( )
−3 4 0 3
A= 1 0 B= 2 −1
−1 2 5 1
3x2 3x2
( ) ( )
−3 4 0 3
A= 1 0 B= 2 −1
−1 2 5 1
( ) ( )
(−3 )+ 0 4+3 −3 7
A+ B= 1+ 2 0+(−1) A+ B= 3 −1
(−1 )+5 2+1 4 3
(
A= 2 3 4
7 6 5 ) (
C= −1 2 3
6 −2 5 )
A+C=
(2+(−1)
7+ 6
3+2 4+3
6 +(−2) 5+5 ) A+C= (11 5 7
4 10)
3. Dadas las matrices B= (58 −12 ) y C=(−21 2 3
0 1 )
hallar B+C.
( ) ( )
3 5 0 4 1 3
4. Dadas las matrices A= 0 −1 −2 y B= 6 0 2 hallar A+B.
−3 4 6 1 −2 1
( ) ( )
3 5 0 4 1 3
A= 0 −1 −2 B= 6 0 2
−3 4 6 1 −2 1
3x3 3x3
( ) ( )
3 5 0 4 1 3
A= 0 −1 −2 B= 6 0 2
−3 4 6 1 −2 1
( ) ( )
3+4 5+1 0+3 3 5 0
A+ B= 0+6 (−1 ) +0 (−2 )+2 A+ B= 0 −1 −2
(−3 )+1 4 +(−2) 6+ 1 −3 4 6
( ) ( )
0 −8 9 4 −2 6
A= 7 −3 5 C= 7 5 9
−2 0 6 0 −2 −8
3x3 3x3
( ) ( )
0 −8 9 4 −2 6
A= 7 −3 5 C= 7 5 9
−2 0 6 0 −2 −8
( ) ( )
0−4 (−8 )−(−2) 9−6 4 −6 3
A−C= 7−7 (−3 )−5 5−9 A−C= 0 −8 −4
(−2 )−0 0−(−2) 6−(−8) −2 −2 14
( ) ( )
−2 3 4 3 6 3
6. Dadas las matrices B= 4 −2 5 y C= 4 −1 2 hallar B-C.
6 −3 2 2 4 6
( ) ( )
−2 3 4 3 6 3
B= 4 −2 5 C= 4 −1 2
6 −3 2 2 4 6
3x3 3x3
( ) ( )
−2 3 4 3 6 3
B= 4 −2 5 C= 4 −1 2
6 −3 2 2 4 6
( ) ( )
(−2 )−3 3−6 4−3 −5 −3 1
B−C= 4−4 (−2 )−(−1) 5−2 B−C= 0 −1 3
6−2 (−3 ) −4 2−6 4 −7 −4
( ) ( )
−3 0 7 −5
7. Dadas las matrices A= 2 5 y B= 4 −2 hallar A-B.
8 −7 1 −4
( ) ( )
−3 0 7 −5
A= 2 5 B= 4 −2
8 −7 1 −4
3x2 3x2
Brithany Scarleth Alava Lequi
( ) ( )
−3 0 7 −5
A= 2 5 B= 4 −2
8 −7 1 −4
( ) ( )
(−3 )−7 0−(−5) −10 5
A−B= 2−4 5−(−2) A−B= −2 7
8−1 (−7 )−(−4) 7 −3
MULTIPLICACION DE MATRICES
A= −5 3
4 7 ( ) (
B= 9 0
2 −5 )
2X2 2X2
2X2 2X2
A∗B=C=
( C11 C 12
C21 C 22 )
R// (
C 2 x 2= −39 −15
50 −35 )
C 11=(−5 ) ( 9 ) + ( 3 ) ( 2 )=−39
C 12=(−5 ) ( 0 ) + ( 3 ) (−5 )=−15
C 21=( 4 )( 9 )+ (7 )( 2 ) =50
C 22=( 4 )( 0 )+ (7 )(−5 )=−35
( )
2 3
9. Dadas las matrices A= ( 2 3
1 4
4
2 )
y B= 4 5 hallar (A)(B).
6 7
( )
2 3
(
A= 2 3 4
1 4 2 )
B= 4 5
6 7
2x3 3x2
2x3 3x2
A∗B=C=
( C11 C 12
C21 C 22 )
R// C 2 X 2= ( 4030 4937 )
Brithany Scarleth Alava Lequi
C 11=( 2 )( 2 ) + ( 3 ) ( 4 ) +( 4)(6)=40
C 12=( 2 )( 3 ) + ( 3 )( 5 ) +(4)(7)=49
C 21=( 1 )( 2 ) + ( 4 ) ( 4 )+(2)(6)=30
C 22=( 1 )( 3 ) + ( 4 ) ( 5 ) +( 2)(7)=37
( )
1 4 0
10. Dadas las matrices A=
5 3 −4 −2
8 −1 0 −3 (
y B=
−5 3
0 −9 ) 7
5
hallar (A)(B).
5 1 4
( )
1 4 0
A= (58 3 −4 −2
−1 0 −3 ) B=
−5 3 7
0 −9 5
5 1 4
2x4 4x3
2x4 4x3
A∗B=C=
( C11 C 12 C13
C21 C 22 C23 )
R// (
C 2 X 3= −20 63 −7
−2 26 −19 )
C 11=( 5 )( 1 ) + ( 3 ) (−5 ) + (−4 ) ( 0 ) + (−2 ) ( 5 )=−20
C 12=( 5 )( 4 ) +(3)( 3 ) + (−4 )(−9 )+(−2)(1)=63
C 13=( 5 ) ( 0 ) + ( 3 ) (7 ) + (−4 ) (5 )+ (−2 )( 4 ) =−7
C 21=( 8 ) (1 )+ (−1 )(−5 ) + ( 0 )( 0 )+ (−3 )( 5 )=−2
C 22=( 8 ) ( 4 )+ (−1 )( 3 ) + ( 0 )(−9 )+(−3)(1)=26
C 23=( 8 ) ( 0 ) + (−1 ) ( 7 ) + ( 0 ) ( 5 ) +(−3) ( 4 )=−19
Tema Subtemas
SUBTEMA: 1.- Presentación
SUBTEMA: 2.- Resolución de sistemas mediante la reducción de
TEMA: 11.- Métodos de reducción
matrices
de matrices
SUBTEMA: 3.- Inversas y Determinantes
SUBTEMA: 4.- Análisis insumo-producto
Ejercicios a Desarrollar:
Brithany Scarleth Alava Lequi
DETERMINANTE DE UNA MATRIZ
A= (62 31 )
2 x2
| A|= 6 3( 2 1)
| A|=¿
| A|=( 6 )−( 6 )
| A|=0
( )
2 6 3
B= 1 0 −2
5 −1 4
3x3
| |
2 6 3
( )
2 6 3 1 0 −2
B= 1 0 −2 |B|= 5 −1 4
5 −1 4 2 6 3
1 0 −2
|B|=( 0−3−60 ) −(0+ 4+ 24)
|B|=(−63 )−(28)
|B|=−91
( )
1 5 4
C= 2 −2 0
1 6 5
3x3
( )
1 5 4 2 −2 0
C= 2 −2 0 |C|= 1 6 5
1 6 5 1 5 4
2 −2 0
|C|=(−10−48−0 )−(−8+0+50)
|C|=( 38 )−(42)
|C|=−4
REDUCCION DE MATRICES
4. Resolver la matriz B= (36 14) por el método de reducción Gauss.
( )
B= 3 1
6 4
F 2−2 F 1 2x2
−2 ( 3 ) −2 ( 1 )
−6 −2
6 4
0 −2
B= (30 12)
5. Resolver la matriz dada por el método de reducción de Gauss.
(
A= 4 −3
−1 6 )
4 F2 +1 F 1 2x2
4 (−1 6 )
1 ( 4 −3 )
−4 24
4 −3
0 21
A= ( 40 −3
21 )
C= (−62 4
)
−12
F 2+3 F 1 2x2
6 −12
−6 12
0 24
B= (20 244 )
7. Calcula el menor complementario de A11 , A21 , A23
( ) ( )
3 0 1 A 11 A 12 A13
A= 1 2 1 A ¿ A 21 A 22 A23
0 1 2 A 31 A 32 A33
| |
A11= 2 1 =(2)(2)−(1)(1)=4−1=3
1 2
A =|
1 2|
0 1
21 =(0)(2)−(1)(1)=0−1=−1
A =|
0 1|
3 0
23 =(3)(1)−(0)(0)=3−0=3
MATRIZ INVERSA
( )
2 0 1
−1 Adj ( A t )
A= 1 1 −4 A =
3 2 −3 | A|
| |
2 0 1
1 1 −4
| A|= 3 2 −3
2 0 1
1 1 −4
| A|=(−6−2+0 ) −( 3−16+ 0 )
| A|=(−8 )−(−13)
| A|=5
( ) ( )
2 0 1 A 11 A 12 A 13
A= 1 1 −4 A= A 21 A 22 A 23
3 2 −3 A 31 A 32 A 33
| |
A11=(−1 )1 +1 1 −4 =(−1 )2 ( 7 ) =7
2 −1 | |
A23=(−1)2+3 2 0 =(−1)5 ( 4)=-4
3 2
A13=(−1)
1+3
|13 1
2| 4
=(−1) (1)=1 A32=(−1)
3 +2
|12 −41 |=(−1) (−9)
5
=9
A21=(−1)
2 +1
|02 1
−1 | 3
=(−1) (−2)=2 A33=(−1)
3+3
|21 02|=(−1) ( 4)
6
=4
A22=(−1)
2 +2
|32 1
−1 | 4
=(−1) (1)=1
( ) ( )
7 −11 1 7 2 −1
t
Ad = 2 1 −4 ( Adj ) = −11 1 9
−1 9 4 1 −4 4
( )
7 2 −1
( )
7 2 −1 5 5 5
−11 1 9 −1 −11 1 9
A =
−1 1 −4 4 5 5 5
A = 1 −4 4
5
5 5 5
( ) ( | )
1 −1 0 1 −1 0 1 0 0
A= 0 1 0 A= 0 1 0 0 1 0
2 0 1 2 0 10 0 1
Matriz identidad
F 3 ← F 3−2 F 1 F 3 ← F 3−2 F 2
( | ) ( | )
1 −1 0 1 0 0 1 −1 0 1 0 0
A= 0 1 0 0 1 0 A= 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 2 1 −2 0 1 0 0 1 −2 −2 1
F 1 ← F 1 + F2
( | ) ( )
1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
−1
A= 0 1 0 0 1 0 A = 0 1 0 matriz Inversa
0 0 1 −2 0 1 −2 −2 1
10. Obtener la solucion del siguiente sistema de ecuacion del metodo de reduccion de matrices.
[
x+2 y + z=240
x−3 y−3 z =0
3 y −2 z=0
Brithany Scarleth Alava Lequi
X Y Z= Coeficiente
1 1 1 240
1 -3 -3 0
0 3 -2 0
( |) |
1 1 1 240 1 0 0 x
1 −3 −3 0 0 1 0 y
0 3 −2 0 0 0 1 z
F 2+ F 1
( | )
1 1 1 240 1 −3 −3 0
−
0 −4 −4 0 1 1 1 240
0 3 −2 0 0 −4 −4 −240
F 2 /−4
( | )
1 1 1 240
1 1 1 60
0 3 −2 0
F 3−3 F2
( | ) −0 3 −2 0
1 1 1 240
3 (0 1 1 6 )
0 1 1 60 = 0 3 3 18
0 3 3 18
0 0 −5 −18 0 0 −5 −18
F 3 /−5
( | )
240
1 1 1
60
0 1 1
−5
0 0 1
−18
F 2−F3
( |)
240 0 1 1
60
1 1 1 37 −5
−0 −0 −1
0 1 0 18 −18
0 0 1 −5 37
0 1 0
−18 18
F 1−F3
Brithany Scarleth Alava Lequi
( | )
−4315
1 1 1 240
18
1 1 0 −5
37 0 0 1
0 1 0 −18
18
0 0 1 −4315
−5 0 1 0
18
−18
F 1−F2
( )
−4315 −4315
1 1 0
18
|
18
1 0 0
37 −37
0 1 0 −0 −1 −0
18 −18
0 0 1
−5 −4352
1 0 0
−18 18
( | )
−4315
18
1 0 0
37
0 1 0
18
0 0 1
−5
−18