TALLER DE LENGUAJE

[ ENSAYO DE AUTOCAD
] ARQUITECTONICO

Autodesk AutoCAD

It is a computer-aided design program for two- and three-dimensional drawing. It is

currently developed and marketed by the Autodesk company. The term AutoCAD emerged
as a creation of the Autodesk company, having its first appearance in 1982. AutoCAD is
software recognized internationally for its extensive editing capabilities, which make it
possible to digitally draw building plans or recreate 3D images.

AutoCAD is one of the most used programs, chosen by architects, engineers and industrial
designers. Breaking down its name, we find that Auto refers to the company that created
the software, Autodesk, and CAD refers to Computer Aided Design (for its acronym in
English).

Characteristics

The program stands out for having great features that are already common in each new
version. Like other computer-aided design programs, AutoCAD manages a database of
geometric entities (points, lines, arcs, etc.) with which It can be operated through a graphic
screen in which these are displayed, the so-called drawing editor. User interaction is
carried out through commands, editing or drawing, from the command line, to which the
program is fundamentally oriented. Modern versions of the program allow the introduction
of these through a graphical user interface or in English GUI (graphic User Interface),
which automates the process.

Like all CAD programs, it processes vector-type images, although it allows incorporating
photographic or bitmap type files, where basic or primitive figures are drawn (lines, arcs,
rectangles, texts, etc.), and using Editing creates more complex graphics. The program
allows you to organize objects through layers or strata, arranging the drawing into
independent parts with different colors and graphics. The drawing of serial objects is
managed through the use of blocks, enabling the unique definition and modification of
multiple repeating objects.

Part of the AutoCAD program is oriented to the production of plans, using traditional
graphics resources in drawing, such as color, line thickness and hatched textures.
AutoCAD, starting with version 11, uses the concept of model space and paper space to
separate the design and drawing phases in 2D and 3D, from the specific ones to obtain
plans drawn on paper at their corresponding scale. The AutoCAD file extension is .dwg,
although it allows exporting in other formats (the best known is .dxf). It also handles IGES
and STEP formats to handle compatibility with other drawing software.

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The.dxf format allows drawings to be shared with other CAD drawing platforms, with
AutoCAD reserving the.dwg format for itself. The.dxf format can be edited with a basic
word processor, so it can be said to be open. On the other hand, the dwg. It could only be
edited with AutoCAD, although this format (DWG) has been released recently, so many
CAD programs other than AutoCAD incorporate it, and allow it to be opened and saved in
this extension, which means that DXF has been relegated to specific needs.

It is in version 11, where the concept of solid modeling appears from the operations of
extrusion, revolution and the booleans of union, intersection and subtraction. This solids
module was marketed as an annex module that had to be purchased separately. This solid
module was maintained until version 12, after which AutoDesk acquired a license from the
company Spatial for its ACIS solid system.

The format. dwg has undergone changes as it evolves over time, which prevents newer
dwg formats from being opened by older versions of AutoCAD or other CADs that support
that format (any). The latest version of AutoCAD to date is AutoCAD 2014, and both it and
its derived products (such as AutoCAD Architecture or Autodesk Inventor) use a new
format not contemplated or transferred to OpenDWG, and the format can only be used up
to version 2000. .

AUTOCAD COMPONENT

The AutoCAD components are made up of:

• The graphics window: It takes up most of the screen and is where drawings are
displayed and created. This means that it is the place where the elements of the work
drawing being made will be represented.

• Menu bar: Located at the top, it allows access to a series of drop-down menus that
contain the most frequently used orders and procedures in Auto CAD.

• Standard toolbar: Includes a series of icons that graphically and intuitively

represent the commands that will be executed if you click on them: zoom, help, crop, etc.
These bars can be customized, so that the orders that we use the most are included in
them. They are very helpful, and are integrated into the drawing editor or can remain
floating.

• Property bar: Its function is to control and set the default properties of the entities,
such as layer, color, drawing, modifier, annotation, blocks, utility properties and line type.

• Floating toolbars: These are toolbars that can be placed anywhere on the screen,
and that include the most used commands. These bars can be customized, adapting them
to our usual way of working in Auto CAD.

• Command line: it is the command line window, which allows us to interact with the
program, all command requests are managed through this window.

• Status Bar: This bar contains a large number of tools for precise control of the
drawing.

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[ ENSAYO DE AUTOCAD
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• UCS Icon: user coordinates icon (UCSICON), The User Coordinate System Icon is
located in the lower left corner of the graphic area, its style can be two-dimensional or
three-dimensional, in our course we can use it in both ways. The UCSICON is located at
the Origin of the Rectangular Coordinate System.

• Cursor: depending on where we place the mouse cursor, it takes on different

shapes. Within the drawing area it takes the shape of a cross. If we place it on the
toolbars, it takes the shape of an arrow.

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

Similar to Auto CAD we have the CorelDraw program, which is also a tool that assists
various professionals in the area that has to do with drawing, but CorelDraw is
characterized by being a vector drawing program that facilitates the creation of
Professional illustrations: from simple logos to complex technical diagrams.

We also have another tool similar to Auto CAD which is called Illustrator, developed by
Adobe, with which as a tool you can create and work with drawings based on vector
graphics, being very useful for the professional linked to the drawing areas. . On the other
hand, in the case of the Power Point program, it allows us to create our own drawings,
starting from lines or strokes of basic figures or predefined shapes.

And there is another program, this one called Photo Draw, which is perfectly equipped to
work with photographic images, but you can also achieve very good results working with
drawings and texts. In this it takes advantage of other programs less prepared to work with
vector images.

While CAE (Computer Aided Engineering): Computer Aided Engineering This is the name
given to the set of computer programs that analyze engineering designs made with the
computer, or created in another way and introduced into the computer, to assess their
characteristics, properties. , viability and profitability. Its purpose is to optimize its
development and subsequent manufacturing costs and to reduce as much as possible the
tests to obtain the desired product.

CONCEPT OF DRAWING AS A GRAPHIC FILE

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When doing work in any application we must save it as a file, so we can later open it and
modify it whenever we want. The same thing happens in AutoCAD. In such a way that any
drawing that is made, when saved on the computer, must be saved in the form of a file. To
do this, it must have an extension to identify what type of file it is. Below are the file types:

• DWG: originated from the English word "drawing" which means to draw. It is the default
and working one of AutoCAD.

• BAK: This is the backup file format for AutoCAD. Whenever you save a drawing,
AutoCAD automatically creates a duplicate that serves as a backup file. This file has the
same information as the original, but a different extension. If your original file becomes
damaged or unusable for any reason, you can change the BAK file extension to DWG and
open it just as you would any other drawing file.

• DWF: (Drawing Web Format): (Drawing in Web Format). To view drawings on the
Internet, they take up little space. It needs a special program that is installed in our Internet
browser.

• DXF: (English acronym: Drawing Exchange Format) is a computer file format for CAD
drawings, created primarily to enable interoperability between .DWG files, used by the
AutoCAD program, and the rest of the programs on the market. Used for exchange
between programs, since it is a universal format. This means that these types of files can
be opened in any application that works with drawings.

CONCEPT OF OBJECT OR ENTITY, CELL OR BLOCK.

Entity: are each of the graphic objects in a CAD system, the typical entities or objects that
may exist are: points, segments, arcs, these can be both circular and elliptical and there

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are also other more complex entities such as polylines, texts, dimensions, shading,
strikethroughs and graphic markings.

Blocks: Blocks are groups of entities. They are often used when you need to repeat a
group of entities in the same drawing or to paste them when their use is common in many
drawings. For example, a bathtub that is used in many architectural drawings is
reasonable to have saved in a block and thus be able to paste it into any drawing without
having to draw it over and over again.

The entities that belong to a block can be on different layers of the drawing, but this is not
recommended. It is best to always form blocks on layer 0 and then put each insertion of
the block on the layer we want. In the case of the bathtub, for example, in the "sanitary"
layer. The blocks also have their own attributes and when inserting them you can choose
the insertion point, the scale factor, the rotation angle and the layer in which to insert it. An
entity that is part of a block can have its own attributes, inherit the attributes of the layer
where it is placed (per layer), or inherit those of the block of which it is a part (per block).
Another interesting property of blocks is that after being inserted they continue to depend
on the source block and if we modify the block all inserted blocks of that type in the
drawing will be updated.

Cells: An image, or rather an image file, is a grid of data. Each cell has an assigned color
data, so that the set of all cells (grid) allows the image to be seen. These cells are known
as pixels, so we speak of an image of 600 x 400 pixels for example, indicating that this
image is made up of a 600 x 400 grid, in total 240,000 points, cells, pixels. or whatever we
want to call them.

MOST FREQUENT TYPES OF OBJECTS: THE POINT OR POINTS, LINES, ARCS,

CIRCLES, CURVES, SURFACES, TEXTS.

The dot: In computer graphics such as CAD, a dot is a small 'blot' combined with others in
a matrix of rows and columns to form a character or graphic element of a drawing or

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design. The dots that make up an image on the screen are called pixels. The resolution of
a display or printing device is usually expressed in dots per inch (dpi).

Straight: It is a finite line in the design that describes in an idealized way the real image of
a drawing on a plane. The line, like the point or the plane, is a primitive concept that
cannot be defined except by resorting to other concepts that, in turn, require the line to be
defined.

Arcs: this can be defined as the segment of a continuous curved line that has an origin and
a limit in the drawing, and is equal to the magnitude of the central angle expressed in the
plane of the drawing.

Circle: It is a flat circular surface that is used to note an object in the design or a specific
symbol.

Curve: Used in the modeling phase and can be parameterized. Another type of
interpolation functions widely used are splines. Using these types of curves in design
applications provides greater graphical quality and editing flexibility compared to bitmap
graphics.

Surface: this is created by enlarging points of free intersection, on the X, Y, Z axes, of the
imaginary or systematic plane of the CAD. Then by joining each point we can create
different types of surfaces or layers, whatever we want to do.

Texts: to format the text in AutoCAD, you have to define a font style for each manuscript
you want to make and type of text, but for this you reuse a method of boxes or cells.

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The Auto Cad program is a complete computer-aided design program with which you can
draw any object, both two-dimensional and three-dimensional. The term CAD is the use of
the English acronym for Computing Assistance and Design.

It is one of the most powerful programs on the market, not just nationally, but worldwide,
so the user faces a big problem if they do not have the necessary computer knowledge.
But the program also offers the possibility of learning more and more from other programs
that interact with it.

On the other hand, the use of Auto Cad is considered simple once you have understood its
basic procedures as well as the commands necessary to perform the required tasks.
Therefore, the capacity and "complexity" with which the program is displayed should not
intimidate, but on the contrary, encourage users to take their performance to the highest
level.

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