Lecciones de Mecanica de Materiales
Lecciones de Mecanica de Materiales
Lecciones de Mecanica de Materiales
• Mass (m): 2 kg
• Spring 1: Stiffness k1 = 1000 N/m, connected between the mass and a fixed wall.
• Spring 2: Stiffness k2 = 500 N/m, connected between the mass and a moving platform.
• Moving Platform Motion: The platform undergoes a sinusoidal displacement given by xp(t) =
Asin(ωt), where A = 0.1 m and ω the angular frequency.
• Initial Condition: The system is initially at rest. The mass is displaced by 0.05 m from
equilibrium and then released.
Tasks:
a) Identify and distinguish between free, forced, damped and undamped vibrations
present in the system.
2. Forced Vibration: Esta ocurre cuando el resorte, experimenta una vibración, una
hacia la posición de equilibrio está en “Free Vibration”
vez ha sido aplicada una fuerza que hace una variación en el equilibrio del sistema,
lo que ocaciona el desplazamiento. x p (t)=0.1sin (ω t)
3. Undamped Vibration: esta situación hipotética se refiere a que no hay perdida de
energía en el sistema vibratorio, en estos casos usualmente se menciona de forma
explicita en el enunciado o se afirma que c=0 ó ζ =0
b) Formulate the equations of motion for the mass, incorporating the effects of both
springs, the damper, and the moving platform.
Para el resorte 1
F 1=−k 1 x
En este caso x es el desplazamiento desde la posición 1
F 2=−k 2 (x−x p ( t ))
F 2=−k 2 (x− A sin(ω t ))
Para el dámper:
F d=−c ( ẋ− x˙ p ( t ) )
F d=−c ( ẋ−Aωcos ( ω t ))
ω n=
√
k 1+ k 2
m
ω n=
√
1000 N /m+500 N /m
2 kg
=27.39
rad
s
d) Solve the equations of motion to predict the displacement of the mass as a function of
time, considering the initial free vibrations and the ongoing forced vibrations due to
the moving platform.
La solucion homogénea, en caso de Free vibration
m ẍ+ ( k 1+ k 2 ) x +c ẋ=0
c
ζ=
2 √ m ( k 1+ k 2 )
50 Ns/m
ζ= =0.456
2 √ 2 ( 1000 N /m+500 N /m )
Debido a que el valor es entre cero y 1
0< ζ <1
The system is Undedamped
For underdamped system:
x (t )=e
−ζ ωn t
[ Acos ( ωd t ) + Bsin(ωd t) ]
Where:
ω d=ωn √ 1−ζ 2
ω d=27.39 √ 1−(0.457)2=24.37 rad /s
[
0=1 −( 0.456 ) (27.39
rad
s
) ( A ( 1 ) + ( 0 ) ) + A ( 0 )+ B ((27.39
rad
s
)(1))
]
0=1 [ −12.490 ( A )+ 27.39 B ]
0=[ −12.490 ( 0.05 ) +27.39 B ]
0.6244
B= =0.02613
27.39
x (t )=e
− ( 0.456 ) (27.39)t
[ 0.05 cos ( 27.39t ) +0.02613 sin(27.39t )]
x (t )=e
−12.450t
[ 0.05 cos ( 27.39 t ) +0.02613 sin(27.39 t) ]
e) Discuss how the system behavior changes when the driving frequency ω approaches
one of the natural frequencies, and explain the phenomenon observed.
Problem Statement 1:
A simple pendulum consists of a 2 kg mass attached to a 1.5 meter long, massless string. Unlike
the small-angle approximation, the pendulum is released from an initial angle of 60°.
Determine:
a) The exact period of the pendulum using the elliptic integral formulation.
√
θ0
L dθ
T =4 ∫
2 g 0 cosθ−cos θ 0
T =4
√ L
g
K ( k ) =4
√
1.50
9.81
( 1.6858 )
T =2.639 sec
b) An approximate period using the small-angle approximation and compare it with the exact
period.
√
m
9.81
√
g
ω n= =
l
s2
1.50 m
=2.56 rad / s
2π 2π
T= = =2.459 s
w rad
2.56
s
Comparando: