Diagnosis 16
Diagnosis 16
Diagnosis 16
PROLOGO
La complejidad en cuanto
a cantidad de componentes
y funciones en los sistemas
de gestión instalados en los
vehículos actuales , hacen
obligatorio la implantacion de
sistemas de autodiagnóstico en
los mismos con la capacidad
suficiente para controlar y
diagnost icar correctamente
la funcionalidad de los mismos.
En este sentido el taller necesita disponer tanto de los medios técnicos como
de la preparación adecuada para abordar las posibles reparaciones
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DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
PROCEDIMIENTO DIAGNOSIS
IDENTIFICACIÓN VEHÍCULO
Para poder realizar una diagnosis correcta es fundamental identificar
correctamente el vehículo .
Existen dos posibilidades fundamentales :
- A través de datos de modelo , año fabricación , cilindrada ,
*motorización.
- A través de bastidor.
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DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
IDENTIFICACIÓN VIN
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4 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
POSIBILIDAD DIAGNÓSTICO
El software de diagnosis debe estar instalado en la base de datos del sistema.
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DIAGNOSIS
POSIBILIDAD DIAGNÓSTICO
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DIAGNOSIS
En la función Mostrar todos se puede cambiar a la selección total de sistemas para
esa marca de vehículos .
6 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS PROTOCOLO COMUNICACIÓN
Además de necesitar el
software adecuado , el
equipo de diagnosis debe
soportar el protocolo de
comunicación utilizado
por el sistema de gestión
correspondiente .
Entre unos fabricantes de
vehículos y otros nos
podemos encontrar
diversas posibilidades .
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DIAGNOSIS
CONFIGURACIONES
En la actualidad se utilizan varios tipos de configuraciones.
POSIBILIDAD A :
GATEWAY
CAN LS CAN HS
CAN DIAGNOSIS
CONFORT TRACCIÓN
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DIAGNOSIS
CONFIGURACIÓN
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DIAGNOSIS
POSIBILIDAD B NECESIDAD INTERFAZ
TRACCIÓN
HABITÁCULO
CAN LS II
CAN HS
CAN LS I
CARROCERÍA
11 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
CONFIGURACIÓN
12 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
Para ver la configuración en la diagnosis del vehículo exiten dos posibilidades
de acceso .
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DIAGNOSIS
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DIAGNOSIS
KTS CONFIGURACIÓN
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DIAGNOSIS
En la opción componentes se pueden comprobar sistemas fuera del
vehículo.
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DIAGNOSIS
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DIAGNOSIS
VISTA DE SERVICIO
COMPONENTES
2 2
2 2
TOUAREG
INSIGNIA
VARIANTES
Automotive Aftermarket
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2 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
27 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
ILUMINACIÓN
LITRONIC 2.
LITRONIC 4.
Control autmático altura de faros (ALWR):
28 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNÓSTICO
Ajuste de los faros
2
• Limpiar el faro
• Replazar los posibles componetes defectuosos
• Comprobar / ajustar presión de neumáticos
• Colocar 75kg en el asiento del conductor
• Deposito completamente lleno / peso similar en el maletero
• Faros correctamente montados ( reparción tras accidentes )
• Llevar el ajuste manual de altura de faros a 0
• Para ALWR esperar 30sg tras arrancar el motor y encender la luz
simultaneamente .
• Para xenon esperar hasta 80 seg .
• Tras esto no mover el vehículo
• Iniciar el ajuste básico con KTS .
• Mantener el vehículo a nivel .
• Ajustar los faros .
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DIAGNOSIS
Motores eléctricos en las pinzas de Motor eléctrico con cable(EPB-C)
frenos . (EPB-M)
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DIAGNOSIS
Electronic parking brake EPB-M (VW / Audi) -
5
5
1. Actuador
2. Motor eléctrico
3. Engranaje reductor
4. Empujador
1 5. Pinza de freno
2 6. Disco 6
3 4
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DIAGNOSIS
SBC – System
Ejemplo Mercedes SL (R230)
3 4 1. Sensor activo con detección de 6. Módulo simulador
8 1 sentido de giro . con sensor de
2
2. Unidad de mando motor desplazamiento de
1
3. Unidad de control ESP pedal
4. Sensor de aceleración lateral y 7. Sensor de ángulo
magnitud de viraje de volante
8. Batería adicional
5. Grupo hidráullico .
1
7
5 6 6
1
8 6
8 5 2/3
5
2/3
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DIAGNOSIS
SBC
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DIAGNOSIS
RESETEAR UNIDAD CONTROL ADITIVO
‒Llenado del deposito de aditivo: El segundo contador se debe resetar sólo cuando
se rellana o cambia el aditivo .
‒El primer contador se debe restear cuando se cambia o regenera el DPF .
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DIAGNOSIS
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DIAGNOSIS
Como su propio nombre
indica el filtro , depura
(filtra ) los gases de escape,
atrapando las partículas de
hollín , que debido a su
mayor tamaño no pueden
atravesar la cerámica
porosa como el resto de
los gases .
36 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
Mantenimiento llenar el deposito de aditivo
4 5
1 2
3
6
37 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
Mantenimiento llenado del deposito de aditivo 11
1
4 1
1
8 0
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DIAGNOSIS
FUNCIONES DIAGNOSIS
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3 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
POSIBILIDADES DE EVALUACIÓN
IDENTIFICACIÓN
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4 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
FUNCIONES DIAGNOSIS
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4 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
FUNCIONES DIAGNOSIS
VALORES REALES
GRÁFICO
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4 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
FUNCIONES DIAGNOSIS
APLICACIÓN
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4 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
APLICACIÓN
Análisis de averías
Según parametros
unidad de control.
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4 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
EVALUACIÓN
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4 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Posibilidad de grabación
47 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
COMPROBACIONES
Un sensor es un componente encargado
de transformar una magnitud física en
señal eléctrica . La unidad a su vez evalúa
dicha señal para realizar sus funciones .
La mejor comprobacion de un sensor se realiza
midiendo la magnitud física y comparando
con el valor real leído en diagnosis .
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distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
4
DIAGNOSIS
POSIBILIDADES DE EVALUACIÓN
ADAPTACIONES
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distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
4
DIAGNOSIS
POSIBILIDADES DE EVALUACIÓN
CONFIGURACIÓN
Se codiifica la unidad de mando , se adapta
esa unidad módelo del del vehículo o al
equipamiento del mismo .
50 AS/SEI-TSS | 03/06/2016
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distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
5
DIAGNOSIS
POSIBILIDADES DE EVALUACIÓN
Los ensayos de funcionamiento son funciones
ENSAYOS DE FUNCIONAMIENTO adicionales implementadas en el software de la
unidad de mando , con la finalidad de comprobar
el funcionamiento correcto de determinados
componentes .
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distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
5
DIAGNOSIS
PROCEDIMIENTOS DE DIAGNÓSTICO
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distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
5
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Desarrollo
Fijar revoluciones
Aumentar la presión nominal y medir el tiempo por incrementos de
presión
Reducir la presión nominal y medir el tiempo de descenso de la presión
Repetir todo cinco veces y realizarlo con cuatro números de
revoluciones distintas
Con las últimas revoluciones se repite el test con la inyección
desconectada mientras que desaparece la presión
Particularidades
Se controla mediante la unidad de mando
La valoración se realiza en la unidad de mando
La evaluación se realiza en el comprobador.
Previamente los parametros de ensayo son elegibles
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5 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIDIAGNOSIS
Name Einhe..
580 1.800
1.200.000 A Eng_nAvrg\.. [rpm]
560 B RailCD_pPe.. [hPa]
540 B Rail_pSetP.. [hPa]
520
1.600
500
1.000.000
480
460
1.400
440
420
400
1.200
800.000
380
360
340
1.000
320
600.000
300
280
800
260
240
400.000
220
600
200
180
160
400
140
200.000
120
100
200
80
60
40
0
20
20 40 60 80 100 120
A B Zeit s
Kommentar: Date: 18.06.2003 Time: 12:13:44 Datum: 18:06:2003 Objekt Prüfbank Seite
Prüfbank, 0.5 Übersetztung, CP3.2+, Zeit: 09:06:18 Projekt: ZME prüfen
5 Schritte, separate Regelparameter Anwender: Dingler Datenblatt C:\hptst\hptst7.dat 1/1
Einheit: Robert Bosch GmbH
30.06.2003 12:25:29
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5 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
PROCEDIMIENTOS DE DIAGNÓSTICO
Si nos encontramos con esta avería un primer paso sería utilizar el test de alta presión
para determinar si el problema es una fuga o por el contrario una falta de caudal generado
por la bomba .
55 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
ENSAYOS DE FUNCIONAMIENTO
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DIAGNOSIS
OBD
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DIAGNOSIS
COMPROBACIÓN SONDA LAMBDA
Como en cualquier sensor la mejor comprobación para la sonda lambda es la
comparación de la magnitud física a medir con respecto a su señal eléctrica .En este
Sentido es necesario la medición del oxigeno en el escape a través del analizador de
gases .
A B
La sonda Lambda LSU está equipada con 6 hilos de conexión hacia la unidad electrónica de control
Gris: Borne 30
Blanco: Mando de la calefacción de la sonda
Amarillo: Masa (Referenciada a 2,5 Voltios)
Negro: Célula de Nernst (a 2,95 Voltios) Regulada a +0,45 voltios por encima del hilo amarillo
Verde: Corriente de compensación de la célula de bombeo
Rojo: Corriente de bombeo
GAMA FSA
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6 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
AS/SEI-TSS | 26/06/2015 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2015. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
6 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
AS/SEI-TSS | 26/06/2015 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2015. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
6 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Javier de Santos | 24/01/2012 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2012. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
6 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
AA/SEI-TSS | 24/01/2012 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2012. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
6 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
AA/SEI-TSS | 24/01/2012 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2012. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
6 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
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6 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Un vehículo entra en el taller, BMW 320d E46 motor 20 4 D 1 , realizamos una
diagnosis a motor y aparece el siguiente fallo:
En valores reales:
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distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
7
DIAGNOSIS
Hacemos comprobaciones según instrucciones ESItronic y comprobamos con
osciloscopio.
¿Cuál es diagnóstico?
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distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
7
DIAGNOSIS
EJEMPLO
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DIAGNOSIS
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DIAGNOSIS
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DIAGNOSIS
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DIAGNOSIS
Activación inyectores gasolina .
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DIAGNOSIS
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DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNÓSTICO
JGA AA/SEI3 | 24/01/2012 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2012. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
7 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
80 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
P 0200 : Circuito inyectores
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DIAGNOSIS
82 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
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DIAGNOSIS
Prueba de compresión motor templado
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DIAGNOSIS
Prueba de compresión motor caliente
85 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
Diferentes mediciones de gases
86 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
Diferentes mediciones de gases
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DIAGNOSIS
88 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
89 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
90 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
CAN HS
La primera comprobación en el sistema
SG 3
es la medición de resistencia del circuito
SG 1 R = 120 R = 120 SG 2
En el CAN los dos cables están unidos entre si ( cerrando circuito ) a través de las
resistencias de terminación . El valor de resistencia total del circuito debe de
ser de 60 Ohmios .
91 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Evaluación señales Can con osciloscopio .
92 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
93 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNÓSTICO
94 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Evaluación señales LIN
95 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
96 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Reprogramación ECU, PassThru (EURO5)
Invented for life
97 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Inyección Electrónica
- EPROM (Eresable Programmable Read Only Memory). Se puede reprogramar varias veces de forma
electrónica, pero debe ser borrado por completo su contenido para volver a poder ser regrabada. El
proceso de borrado se realiza mediente la exposición a luz ultravioleta.
- EEPROM (Electrically Eresable Programmable Read Only Memory) Permite el borrado de celdas pero
de modo secuencial byte a byte.
- Flash. Memoria basada en las EEPROM pero permite el borrado paralelo bloque a bloque.
98 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Inyección Electrónica
Debido a la existencia de fallos en la creación de los software o modificaciones en los mismos para mejorar
rendimientos, reducir emisiones o adaptaciones de componentes, se presenta la necesidad de reprogramar
las unidades electrónicas para poder aplicarles dichas modificaciones. Dichas actualizaciones, solo las
podían aplicar las concesiones de los fabricantes mediante sus equipos originales OEM de diagnosis o
maquinarias especiales.
En el año 2004 la EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) de Estados Unidos solicitó a la SAE (Society of
Automotive Engineers) desarrollar un protocolo estandarizado para poder realizar dichas reprogramaciones
y, por tanto, adaptar los vehículos a las nuevas condiciones de normas de contaminación mediante una
maquina de diagnosis que no tenga que ser, obligatoriamente, la OEM. Un fabricante de máquinas de
diagnosis multimarca podría, por tanto, realizar dicha tarea siempre y cuando aplique el protocolo estándar
de la SAE. Dicho protocolo se denominó SAE J2534, comúnmente denominado PassThru.
La Unión Europea, decidió hacer obligatorio el uso del protocolo PassThru a los fabricantes de vehículos
ligeros de automoción con la implantación de la EURO 5.
En el futuro se plantea la posibilidad de crear un software único estandarizado por la SAE para
reprogramación de la ECUs de los vehículos de tal modo que no sea necesario utilizar las aplicaciones de
software propias de cada fabricante como actualmente es necesario.
99 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Gases EURO 1 EURO 2 EURO 3 EURO 4 EURO 5a EURO 5b EURO 6
contaminates 1992 1996 2000 2005 2009 2011.09. 2014
CO 2.72(3.16) 1 0.64 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
NOx 0.5 0.25 0.18 0.18 0.08
PM 0.14(0.18) 0.08 0.05 0.025 0.005 0.005 0.0045
HC + NOx 0.97(1.13) 0.7 0.56 0.3 0.23 0.23 0.17
PN 6x1011/k 6x1011/k
La reprogramación de unidades de mando ECUs solo es posible mediante un equipo compatible Euro 5.
Estos deben cumplir la norma de comunicación J2534. Dicha norma es obligatoria para todos los
fabricantes de vehículos e impone la posibilidad de comunicar con las ECUs de los vehículos fabricados a
partir del 1 de Septiembre de 2009 sin que sea necesario utilizar una herramienta específica del fabricante.
Inicialmente, en la versión 1 de la norma J2534, solo es obligada para las ECUs que intervienen en las
emisiones del vehículo como Gestión de Motor, Tracción, Gestión de energía, … Con la versión 2 de dicha
norma, se habilitó la comunicación con el resto de ECUs instaladas en el vehículo.
Los equipos de diagnosis Bosch KTS son compatibles con la norma J2534 1 y 2 gracias al desarrollo de las
pertinentes librerías (software) de compatibilidad.
La Euro 5, solo obliga a que los fabricante cumplan el nivel 1 de la norma J2534.
Seleccionar el lenguaje
de instalación.
Reprogramación
1. Registrarse con el fabricante
Los nuevos del vehículo.
paquetes de datos
se envian a la ECU 2. Descarga de software
del vehículo por
medio del interface 3. Pre-reprogramación
(en este caso el
KTS). 4. Reprogramando
Taller Independiente
4. Siempre deberemos seguir las instrucciones indicadas por el fabricante en cada caso.
Al realizar la reprogramación, pueden surgir fallos que debemos intentar evitar siguiendo de manera
minuciosa la información suministrada por el fabricante del vehículo. Cuando una reprogramación
falla, se pueden presentar, generalmente, las siguientes situaciones:
Audi https://www.erwin.audi.com
BMW https://oss.bmw.de/index.jsp
Chevrolet/Opel https://www.gmeinfotech.com
Citroen http://service.citroen.com
Dacia/Renault http://www.infotech.renault.com
Ford http://www.etis.ford.com
Honda http://www.techinfo.honda-eu.com/de/de/language.html
Hyundai http://service.hyundai-motor.com/login.tiles
Jaguar http://jaguartechinfo.com
Kia https://www.kia-hotline.com/login.tiles
Mazda https://portal.mazdaeur.com
Mercedes- www.service-and-parts.net
Benz/Smart
Mitsubishi http://mitsubishitechinfo.eu
Nissan https://eu.nissan.biz
Peugeot http://public.servicebox.peugeot.com
Seat https://erwin.seat.com
Skoda https://erwin.skoda-auto.cz
Suzuki http://serviceportal-suzuki.eu
Toyota http://techdoc.toyota-europe.com
VW https://erwin.volkswagen.de
Volvo http://vccs.volvocars.se/wsguide
Spare parts