Diagnosis 16

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DIAGNOSIS

PROLOGO

La complejidad en cuanto
a cantidad de componentes
y funciones en los sistemas
de gestión instalados en los
vehículos actuales , hacen
obligatorio la implantacion de
sistemas de autodiagnóstico en
los mismos con la capacidad
suficiente para controlar y
diagnost icar correctamente
la funcionalidad de los mismos.

En este sentido el taller necesita disponer tanto de los medios técnicos como
de la preparación adecuada para abordar las posibles reparaciones

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DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS

PROCEDIMIENTO DIAGNOSIS
IDENTIFICACIÓN VEHÍCULO
Para poder realizar una diagnosis correcta es fundamental identificar
correctamente el vehículo .
Existen dos posibilidades fundamentales :
- A través de datos de modelo , año fabricación , cilindrada ,
*motorización.
- A través de bastidor.

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DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
IDENTIFICACIÓN VIN

Se puede escribir directamente o leer conectado el kts .


Para que se pueda leer el bastidor a través del KTS , debe de estar
memorizado en el modo 9 de OBD .

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DIAGNOSIS
POSIBILIDAD DIAGNÓSTICO
El software de diagnosis debe estar instalado en la base de datos del sistema.

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DIAGNOSIS
POSIBILIDAD DIAGNÓSTICO

Una vez identificado correctamente el


programa determianará cuales son
los sistemas instalados en el mismo.
En caso de no tener acceso
existe la posibilidad de seleccionar
todos los sistemas de la marca.

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DIAGNOSIS
En la función Mostrar todos se puede cambiar a la selección total de sistemas para
esa marca de vehículos .

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DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS PROTOCOLO COMUNICACIÓN

Además de necesitar el
software adecuado , el
equipo de diagnosis debe
soportar el protocolo de
comunicación utilizado
por el sistema de gestión
correspondiente .
Entre unos fabricantes de
vehículos y otros nos
podemos encontrar
diversas posibilidades .

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DIAGNOSIS
CONFIGURACIONES
En la actualidad se utilizan varios tipos de configuraciones.
POSIBILIDAD A :
GATEWAY
CAN LS CAN HS

CAN DIAGNOSIS

CONFORT TRACCIÓN
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DIAGNOSIS

CONFIGURACIÓN

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DIAGNOSIS
POSIBILIDAD B NECESIDAD INTERFAZ
TRACCIÓN
HABITÁCULO
CAN LS II

CAN HS

CAN LS I

CARROCERÍA
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DIAGNOSIS
CONFIGURACIÓN

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DIAGNOSIS
Para ver la configuración en la diagnosis del vehículo exiten dos posibilidades
de acceso .

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DIAGNOSIS

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DIAGNOSIS
KTS CONFIGURACIÓN

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DIAGNOSIS
En la opción componentes se pueden comprobar sistemas fuera del
vehículo.

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DIAGNOSIS

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DIAGNOSIS
VISTA DE SERVICIO

A través de la tecla tareas de servicio podemos acceder a las funciones propias


de mantenimiento .

1. ¿ Cuál es la principal ventaja en la utilización de esta función ?.

No es necesario conocer la configuarción electrónica para realizar las labores de


mantenimiento .

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DIAGNOSIS
PROCEDIMIENTO CONVENCIONAL TAREAS DE SERVICIO

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DIAGNOSIS
SISTEMA CONTROL DE PRESIÓN NEUMÁTICOS TPMS

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DIAGNOSIS
VEHÍCULOS CON MEDICIÓN INDIRECTA

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DIAGNOSIS
SISTEMAS MEDICIÓN DIRECTA

COMPONENTES

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DIAGNOSIS
SISTEMAS MEDICIÓN DIRECTA

BÁSICO CUATRO ANTENAS MÓDULO ACTIVADOR

2 2

2 2

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D DIAGNOSIS
VEHÍCULOS CON MEDICIÓN DIRECTA
AUDI A6

TOUAREG

INSIGNIA

TPMS con 4 antenas

TPMS con modulos


activador
TPMS Básico
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DIAGNOSIS
SISTEMAS MEDICIÓN DIRECTA

VARIANTES

Diferente número de antenas


Unidad independiente

Diferentes tipos de sensores

Módulo activador Integrado en unidad de mando

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DIAGNOSIS
AJUSTE DE SENSORES DE PRESIÓN

Automotive Aftermarket
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DIAGNOSIS

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DIAGNOSIS
ILUMINACIÓN
LITRONIC 2.

1 = Servo motor para control de altura


2 = Unidad de control
3 = Sensor del eje trasero
4 = Sensor eje delantero

LITRONIC 4.
Control autmático altura de faros (ALWR):

En los sistemas Litronic 2.X la función del reglaje automático de


altura de faros , se realiza a través de otra unidad independiente del
Litronic .
En Litronic 4.X la función ALWRa menudo está integrada en la propia
unidad Litronic.
Para prevenir el posible deslumbramiento del tráfico en sentido
contrario , los sistemas con lámparas de descarga de gas, deben
equiparse con el sistema automático de reglaje de altura de faros .

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DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNÓSTICO
Ajuste de los faros

1 = Imagen del regalje correcto en laluz


de cruce .
1 2 = Imagen en la luz de carretera .

2
• Limpiar el faro
• Replazar los posibles componetes defectuosos
• Comprobar / ajustar presión de neumáticos
• Colocar 75kg en el asiento del conductor
• Deposito completamente lleno / peso similar en el maletero
• Faros correctamente montados ( reparción tras accidentes )
• Llevar el ajuste manual de altura de faros a 0
• Para ALWR esperar 30sg tras arrancar el motor y encender la luz
simultaneamente .
• Para xenon esperar hasta 80 seg .
• Tras esto no mover el vehículo
• Iniciar el ajuste básico con KTS .
• Mantener el vehículo a nivel .
• Ajustar los faros .

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DIAGNOSIS
Motores eléctricos en las pinzas de Motor eléctrico con cable(EPB-C)
frenos . (EPB-M)

Pinza de freno con actuador Pinza de freno convencional


1 1
2
3

1 Unidad de mando 1 Unidad de control


3
2 2. Motor eléctrico (actuador) 2x 2. Motor eléctrico
3. Pinza de freno 3. Pinza de freno

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DIAGNOSIS
Electronic parking brake EPB-M (VW / Audi) -
5

5
1. Actuador
2. Motor eléctrico
3. Engranaje reductor
4. Empujador
1 5. Pinza de freno
2 6. Disco 6

3 4

Si los actuadores están instalados están instalados en las


pinzas de freno . Estos actuadores consisten en un motor
eléctrico un engranaje reductor y un empujador .

Consumo de corriente del motor

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DIAGNOSIS
SBC – System
Ejemplo Mercedes SL (R230)
3 4 1. Sensor activo con detección de 6. Módulo simulador
8 1 sentido de giro . con sensor de
2
2. Unidad de mando motor desplazamiento de
1
3. Unidad de control ESP pedal
4. Sensor de aceleración lateral y 7. Sensor de ángulo
magnitud de viraje de volante
8. Batería adicional
5. Grupo hidráullico .
1

7
5 6 6
1

Ejemplo Mercedes E-Class (W/S211)

8 6
8 5 2/3
5

2/3

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DIAGNOSIS
SBC

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DIAGNOSIS
RESETEAR UNIDAD CONTROL ADITIVO

 ¿ Cuándo se debe resetar la unidad de control de aditivo ?

‒Llenado del deposito de aditivo: El segundo contador se debe resetar sólo cuando
se rellana o cambia el aditivo .
‒El primer contador se debe restear cuando se cambia o regenera el DPF .

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DIAGNOSIS

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DIAGNOSIS
Como su propio nombre
indica el filtro , depura
(filtra ) los gases de escape,
atrapando las partículas de
hollín , que debido a su
mayor tamaño no pueden
atravesar la cerámica
porosa como el resto de
los gases .

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DIAGNOSIS
Mantenimiento llenar el deposito de aditivo

4 5

1 2

3
6

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DIAGNOSIS
Mantenimiento llenado del deposito de aditivo 11

1
4 1

1
8 0

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DIAGNOSIS
FUNCIONES DIAGNOSIS

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DIAGNOSIS
POSIBILIDADES DE EVALUACIÓN
IDENTIFICACIÓN

Con la identificación conseguimos


Informaciones referidas a la unidad de
mando chequeada .

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DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
FUNCIONES DIAGNOSIS

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DIAGNOSIS
FUNCIONES DIAGNOSIS

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DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS

FUNCIONES DIAGNOSIS
VALORES REALES

GRÁFICO

La posibilidad del gráfico


permite analizar las señales
recibidas, así como diversas
activaciones por la unidad de
control correspondiente .

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DIAGNOSIS
FUNCIONES DIAGNOSIS
APLICACIÓN

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DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS

APLICACIÓN
Análisis de averías
Según parametros
unidad de control.

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DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS

EVALUACIÓN

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DIAGNOSIS

Posibilidad de grabación

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DIAGNOSIS
COMPROBACIONES
Un sensor es un componente encargado
de transformar una magnitud física en
señal eléctrica . La unidad a su vez evalúa
dicha señal para realizar sus funciones .
La mejor comprobacion de un sensor se realiza
midiendo la magnitud física y comparando
con el valor real leído en diagnosis .

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DIAGNOSIS
POSIBILIDADES DE EVALUACIÓN
ADAPTACIONES

Con esta función adaptamos la unidad a


las características de los nuevos
componentes instalados , o borramos
las memorias de otros componentes .

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DIAGNOSIS
POSIBILIDADES DE EVALUACIÓN

CONFIGURACIÓN
Se codiifica la unidad de mando , se adapta
esa unidad módelo del del vehículo o al
equipamiento del mismo .

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DIAGNOSIS
POSIBILIDADES DE EVALUACIÓN
Los ensayos de funcionamiento son funciones
ENSAYOS DE FUNCIONAMIENTO adicionales implementadas en el software de la
unidad de mando , con la finalidad de comprobar
el funcionamiento correcto de determinados
componentes .

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DIAGNOSIS
PROCEDIMIENTOS DE DIAGNÓSTICO

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DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Desarrollo

 Fijar revoluciones
 Aumentar la presión nominal y medir el tiempo por incrementos de
presión
 Reducir la presión nominal y medir el tiempo de descenso de la presión
 Repetir todo cinco veces y realizarlo con cuatro números de
revoluciones distintas
 Con las últimas revoluciones se repite el test con la inyección
desconectada mientras que desaparece la presión
Particularidades
 Se controla mediante la unidad de mando
 La valoración se realiza en la unidad de mando
 La evaluación se realiza en el comprobador.
 Previamente los parametros de ensayo son elegibles

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DIDIAGNOSIS
Name Einhe..
580 1.800
1.200.000 A Eng_nAvrg\.. [rpm]
560 B RailCD_pPe.. [hPa]
540 B Rail_pSetP.. [hPa]
520
1.600

500
1.000.000

480
460
1.400

440
420
400
1.200
800.000

380
360
340
1.000

320
600.000

300
280
800

260
240
400.000

220
600

200
180
160
400

140
200.000

120
100
200

80
60
40
0

20

20 40 60 80 100 120
A B Zeit s

Kommentar: Date: 18.06.2003 Time: 12:13:44 Datum: 18:06:2003 Objekt Prüfbank Seite
Prüfbank, 0.5 Übersetztung, CP3.2+, Zeit: 09:06:18 Projekt: ZME prüfen
5 Schritte, separate Regelparameter Anwender: Dingler Datenblatt C:\hptst\hptst7.dat 1/1
Einheit: Robert Bosch GmbH

30.06.2003 12:25:29

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DIAGNOSIS
PROCEDIMIENTOS DE DIAGNÓSTICO
Si nos encontramos con esta avería un primer paso sería utilizar el test de alta presión
para determinar si el problema es una fuga o por el contrario una falta de caudal generado
por la bomba .

COMPROBACIÓN DE FUGAS COMPROBACIÓN CAUDAL

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DIAGNOSIS
ENSAYOS DE FUNCIONAMIENTO

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DIAGNOSIS

OBD

Otra opción de diagnosis para sistemas


influyentes en la contaminación es el
diagnóstico de a bordo , denominado OBD.
Al ser un Sistema de comprobación
universal la configuración es identica en
cualquier modelo. Una de las posibilidades
es accede a datos grabados por la U.c
en el momento de producirse la avería .

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DIAGNOSIS
COMPROBACIÓN SONDA LAMBDA
Como en cualquier sensor la mejor comprobación para la sonda lambda es la
comparación de la magnitud física a medir con respecto a su señal eléctrica .En este
Sentido es necesario la medición del oxigeno en el escape a través del analizador de
gases .

58 JGA AA/SEI3 | 03/06/2016


© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
JGA AA/SEI3 | 24/01/2012 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2012. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
5
DIAGNOSIS
COMPROBACIÓN SONDA LAMBDA

1.¿ Cómo determina la unidad


el estado de la regulación lambda ?

La unidad tiene en cuenta


tanto la amplitud de la señal en
C el margen de mezcla rica
D y pobre , así como la frecuencia
con que se produce el cambio
de pobre a rica en la señal .

A B

59 JGA AA/SEI3 | 03/06/2016


© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
JGA AA/SEI3 | 24/01/2012 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2012. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
COMPROBACIÓN SONDA LAMBDA
SONDA DE BANDA ANCHA
Correspondencia de colores y pines
Sonda lambda Unidad de mando
1-Negro 46
2- 72Ω con pin 6 de la sonda 34
3- Gris Borne 30
4- Blanco 1
5- Amarillo 20
6-Rojo 35

En los pines 34 y 35 de la unidad de mando se puede


poner el polímetro (en 4ma) y se ve la intensidad de la
célula bombeo. A parte de por OBD.

La sonda Lambda LSU está equipada con 6 hilos de conexión hacia la unidad electrónica de control

 Gris: Borne 30
 Blanco: Mando de la calefacción de la sonda
 Amarillo: Masa (Referenciada a 2,5 Voltios)
 Negro: Célula de Nernst (a 2,95 Voltios) Regulada a +0,45 voltios por encima del hilo amarillo
 Verde: Corriente de compensación de la célula de bombeo
 Rojo: Corriente de bombeo

60 JGA AA/SEI3 | 03/06/2016


© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
JGA AA/SEI3 | 24/01/2012 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2012. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
6
DIAGNOSIS
COMPROBACIÓN SONDA LAMBDA
SONDA DE BANDA ANCHA

61 JGA AA/SEI3 | 03/06/2016


© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
JGA AA/SEI3 | 24/01/2012 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2012. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
6
DIAGNOSIS
COMPROBACIONES CON OSCILOSCOPIO

GAMA FSA

AS/SEI-TSS | 26/06/2015 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2015. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
6 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS

COMPROBACIÓN FSA 050

AS/SEI-TSS | 26/06/2015 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2015. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
6 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS

AS/SEI-TSS | 26/06/2015 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2015. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
6 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS

Javier de Santos | 24/01/2012 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2012. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
6 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS

Pulsar la tecla del menú


principal.

En menú principal pulsar osciloscopio

AA/SEI-TSS | 24/01/2012 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2012. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
6 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS

A través de la pinza amperimétrica y el adaptador


correspondiente , es posible evaluar los
oscilogarmas de intensidad por medio del
osciloscopio del KTS .

67 JGA AA/SEI3 | 03/06/2016


© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
JGA AA/SEI3 | 24/01/2012 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2012. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
6
DIAGNOSIS

Osciloscopio dos canales

AA/SEI-TSS | 24/01/2012 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2012. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
6 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS

AS/SEI-TSS | 26/06/2015 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2015. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
6 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Un vehículo entra en el taller, BMW 320d E46 motor 20 4 D 1 , realizamos una
diagnosis a motor y aparece el siguiente fallo:

Diagnosticamos la bomba con el siguiente resultado:

En valores reales:

70 Department | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Department | 26/06/2015 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2015. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
7
DIAGNOSIS
Hacemos comprobaciones según instrucciones ESItronic y comprobamos con
osciloscopio.
¿Cuál es diagnóstico?

0 986 612 447

71 Department | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Department | 26/06/2015 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2015. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
7
DIAGNOSIS
EJEMPLO

Fallo 4141 sensor de revoluciones señal no plausible

72 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS

73 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS

74 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS

75 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Activación inyectores gasolina .

76 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS

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© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNÓSTICO

JGA AA/SEI3 | 24/01/2012 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2012. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
7 distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS

79 JGA AA/SEI3 | 03/06/2016


© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
JGA AA/SEI3 | 24/01/2012 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2012. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,
distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
7
DIAGNOSIS
COMPROBACIÓN DE COMPONENTES

80 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
P 0200 : Circuito inyectores

Imagen correcta Imagen fallo

81 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS

Mercedes unidad de mando defectuosa

82 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS

83 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Prueba de compresión motor templado

84 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Prueba de compresión motor caliente

85 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Diferentes mediciones de gases

86 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Diferentes mediciones de gases

87 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS

88 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS

Fallo una válvula de escape no cierra correctamente, posiblemente doblada

89 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS

90 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
CAN HS
La primera comprobación en el sistema
SG 3
es la medición de resistencia del circuito

SG 1 R = 120 R = 120 SG 2

En el CAN los dos cables están unidos entre si ( cerrando circuito ) a través de las
resistencias de terminación . El valor de resistencia total del circuito debe de
ser de 60 Ohmios .
91 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Evaluación señales Can con osciloscopio .

Señal correcta Señal con defecto

92 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS

93 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNÓSTICO

94 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Evaluación señales LIN

95 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS

96 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Reprogramación ECU, PassThru (EURO5)
Invented for life

97 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Inyección Electrónica

En 1967 Bosch desarrolló el primer sistema de inyección electrónica sustituyendo al carburador: el D-


Jetronic. Desde ese momento, la evolución de los sistemas de inyección a crecido exponencialmente
introduciéndose la electrónica digital en los mismos. La electrónica digital precisa de programas y bases de
datos denominados mapas que toman como datos de tablas de trabajo y que modifican según la
adaptación de funcionamiento de sus sensores y actuadores. Dichos programas, son almacenados en
memorias electrónicas las cuales, igualmente, han ido evolucionando:

- ROM (Read Only Memory). Se programan en el momento de su fabricación. No son reprogramables.

- PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory). Se pueden programar en un proceso posterior a su


fabricación pero, solo permiten ser grabadas una sola vez.

- EPROM (Eresable Programmable Read Only Memory). Se puede reprogramar varias veces de forma
electrónica, pero debe ser borrado por completo su contenido para volver a poder ser regrabada. El
proceso de borrado se realiza mediente la exposición a luz ultravioleta.

- EEPROM (Electrically Eresable Programmable Read Only Memory) Permite el borrado de celdas pero
de modo secuencial byte a byte.

- Flash. Memoria basada en las EEPROM pero permite el borrado paralelo bloque a bloque.

98 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Inyección Electrónica
Debido a la existencia de fallos en la creación de los software o modificaciones en los mismos para mejorar
rendimientos, reducir emisiones o adaptaciones de componentes, se presenta la necesidad de reprogramar
las unidades electrónicas para poder aplicarles dichas modificaciones. Dichas actualizaciones, solo las
podían aplicar las concesiones de los fabricantes mediante sus equipos originales OEM de diagnosis o
maquinarias especiales.

En el año 2004 la EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) de Estados Unidos solicitó a la SAE (Society of
Automotive Engineers) desarrollar un protocolo estandarizado para poder realizar dichas reprogramaciones
y, por tanto, adaptar los vehículos a las nuevas condiciones de normas de contaminación mediante una
maquina de diagnosis que no tenga que ser, obligatoriamente, la OEM. Un fabricante de máquinas de
diagnosis multimarca podría, por tanto, realizar dicha tarea siempre y cuando aplique el protocolo estándar
de la SAE. Dicho protocolo se denominó SAE J2534, comúnmente denominado PassThru.

La Unión Europea, decidió hacer obligatorio el uso del protocolo PassThru a los fabricantes de vehículos
ligeros de automoción con la implantación de la EURO 5.

En el futuro se plantea la posibilidad de crear un software único estandarizado por la SAE para
reprogramación de la ECUs de los vehículos de tal modo que no sea necesario utilizar las aplicaciones de
software propias de cada fabricante como actualmente es necesario.

99 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016
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DIAGNOSIS
Gases EURO 1 EURO 2 EURO 3 EURO 4 EURO 5a EURO 5b EURO 6
contaminates 1992 1996 2000 2005 2009 2011.09. 2014
CO 2.72(3.16) 1 0.64 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
NOx 0.5 0.25 0.18 0.18 0.08
PM 0.14(0.18) 0.08 0.05 0.025 0.005 0.005 0.0045
HC + NOx 0.97(1.13) 0.7 0.56 0.3 0.23 0.23 0.17
PN 6x1011/k 6x1011/k

Valores límite de emisiones en EU Diesel


Los estandares de la EU estipulan valores límite
en la emisión de los gases contaminantes
Monóxido de carbono (CO), Hidrocarburos (HC),
Oxidos de Nitrógeno (NOx) y Partículas de Hollín
(PM) (Para motores de gasolina bajo la norma
Euro 5). La norma Euro 5 se introdujo en dos
etapas Euro 5a y 5b. En Euro5a se introdujo un
límete en los NMHC para los motores de gasolina
miesntras que en la Euro5b, se incluye un límite
de emisión de partículas para los motores diesel
que serán aplicados en los motores de gasolina
en la Euro 6. El límite corresponde a la distancia
recorrida y especificada en gramos por kilómetro
(g/km).

100 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016


© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
KTS y el estándar Euro 5.

La reprogramación de unidades de mando ECUs solo es posible mediante un equipo compatible Euro 5.
Estos deben cumplir la norma de comunicación J2534. Dicha norma es obligatoria para todos los
fabricantes de vehículos e impone la posibilidad de comunicar con las ECUs de los vehículos fabricados a
partir del 1 de Septiembre de 2009 sin que sea necesario utilizar una herramienta específica del fabricante.

Inicialmente, en la versión 1 de la norma J2534, solo es obligada para las ECUs que intervienen en las
emisiones del vehículo como Gestión de Motor, Tracción, Gestión de energía, … Con la versión 2 de dicha
norma, se habilitó la comunicación con el resto de ECUs instaladas en el vehículo.

Los equipos de diagnosis Bosch KTS son compatibles con la norma J2534 1 y 2 gracias al desarrollo de las
pertinentes librerías (software) de compatibilidad.

La Euro 5, solo obliga a que los fabricante cumplan el nivel 1 de la norma J2534.

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© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Visión Funcional
 Para poder realizar la reprogramación de ECUs de acuerdo a la Euro 5,
Taller
necesitará disponer del software específico del fabricante del vehículo así
como el software Euro 5 (PassThru) de reprogramación J2534 DLL
suminitrado por Bosch.
 En principio, los pasos a realizar sería los siguientes:
 Descargar en primer lugar el software de Bosch del portal de internet.
 Installar la aplicación en el PC/Portatil.
 Descargar el software del fabricante del vehículo mediante su página
web.
 Instalar dicho software en el PC/Portátil siguiendo las instrucciones del
fabricante.

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© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
ECU reprogramables
 Exclusivamente las ECUs incluidas en la EURO 5 podrán ser
reprogramadas mediante este sistema. Dichas unidades tienen integrado
el denominado "PassThru Interface acc. SAE J2534“. El estandar
PassThru especifica el driver utilizado para la reprogramación de ECUs.
Bosch ofrece dicha opción para sus módulos KTS 530/540/570 y para las
unidades de diagnosis KTS 340/670/840/870/890. Incluso los módulos
KTS 520/550 y el equipo KTS 650/670 utilizados aún en muchos talleres,
disponen de esta capacidad. Por lo tanto, mediante los equipos
anteriormente citados, si existe la posibilidad de reprogramar la ECU del
vehículo mediante la página web del fabricate del mismo, será posible. El
fabricante del vehículo podrá cobrar por el acceso y descarga de los
datos necesarios para la reprogramación.

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DIAGNOSIS

Para la reprogramacion de ECU se precisa de una


correcta alimentación eléctrica. La única forma posible
es mediante el uso de alimentador-estabilizador de
tensión electrica externo. Gracias al uso de dichos
equipos se garantiza una alimentación estable
independientemente del estado de la batería del
vehículo y del tiempo que dichas reprogramaciones
puedas llevar.
Dependiendo del fabricante del vehículo, el uso de
estabilizadores de tensión es obligatorio y no se permite
la reprogramación hasta su conexión como es el caso
de BMW y Mercedes-Benz.

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DIAGNOSIS

En primer lugar, debemos descargar el Software PassThru en


nuestro ordenador desde la página web de Bosch:
http://es-ww.bosch-
automotive.com/es/internet/ww/services_support_workshopw
orld/euro5_products_workshopworld/euro_5.html
Solo mediante la instalación de dicho software podremos
enlazar el software de reprogramación de la ECU del
fabricante del vehículo con nuestro equipo KTS.

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© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Instalación del software PassThru en el PC/Portatil – 1

Seleccionar el lenguaje
de instalación.

Tras la descarga, debemos


ejecutar el archivo de
instalación.

Presionar el botón NEXT


para continuar

Debemos aceptar los terminos de licencia y


pulsar NEXT>

106 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016


© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Procedimiento para la re-programación de ECU - Reprogramación

Fabricante del Vehículo

Reprogramación
1. Registrarse con el fabricante
Los nuevos del vehículo.
paquetes de datos
se envian a la ECU 2. Descarga de software
del vehículo por
medio del interface 3. Pre-reprogramación
(en este caso el
KTS). 4. Reprogramando

Taller Independiente

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© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Tras la reprogramación deberemos proceder, generalmente, como sigue:

1. Apague la ignición, espere al menos 30 segundos y vuelva a arrancar el vehículo.

2. Comprobar y borrar los registros de la memoria de averías de los sistemas instalados


en el vehículo. Las averías almacenadas durante la reprogramación son normales en
el sistema.

3. Supervise e inspeccione el funcionamiento inicial del vehículo o la ECU y sus


funciones detalladas de manea precisa después de la reprogramación. Realice una
marcha de prueba si es necesario.

4. Siempre deberemos seguir las instrucciones indicadas por el fabricante en cada caso.

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DIAGNOSIS
¿Qué sucede si falla la reprogramación?

Al realizar la reprogramación, pueden surgir fallos que debemos intentar evitar siguiendo de manera
minuciosa la información suministrada por el fabricante del vehículo. Cuando una reprogramación
falla, se pueden presentar, generalmente, las siguientes situaciones:

a) En caso de un problema con la reprogramación, la aplicación de software de OEM y la ECU


admiten volver a lanzar la reprogramación. En este caso, la reprogramación tarda más tiempo.
Una vez finalizada correctamente, la ECU cambia al nuevo estado de software.

b) En caso de un problema con la reprogramación, la aplicación de software del OEM o la ECU no


admiten volver a ser reprogramadas. En este caso se cancela la reprogramación. La ECU no
adopta el nueva versión del software pero mantiene la versión anterior manteniendo su
operatividad.

c) En caso de un problema con la reprogramación, la aplicación de software del OEM o la ECU no


admiten volver a lanzar la reprogramación. La ECU no adopta la nuevo versión del software. La
ECU no funciona correctamente y tiene que ser sustituida.

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DIAGNOSIS
Direcciones Web de Fabricantes
Fabricante Dirección Web
Alfa/Fiat/Lancia https://www.technicalinformation.fiat.com

Audi https://www.erwin.audi.com

BMW https://oss.bmw.de/index.jsp

Chevrolet/Opel https://www.gmeinfotech.com

Citroen http://service.citroen.com

Dacia/Renault http://www.infotech.renault.com

Ford http://www.etis.ford.com

Honda http://www.techinfo.honda-eu.com/de/de/language.html

Hyundai http://service.hyundai-motor.com/login.tiles

Jaguar http://jaguartechinfo.com

Kia https://www.kia-hotline.com/login.tiles

110 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016


© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS
Direcciones Web de Fabricantes
Fabricante Dirección Web
Land Rover http://landrovertechinfo.com

Mazda https://portal.mazdaeur.com

Mercedes- www.service-and-parts.net
Benz/Smart
Mitsubishi http://mitsubishitechinfo.eu

Nissan https://eu.nissan.biz

Peugeot http://public.servicebox.peugeot.com

Seat https://erwin.seat.com

Skoda https://erwin.skoda-auto.cz

Suzuki http://serviceportal-suzuki.eu

Toyota http://techdoc.toyota-europe.com

VW https://erwin.volkswagen.de

Volvo http://vccs.volvocars.se/wsguide

111 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016


© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSIS

¡Le agradecemos la atención prestada


y le deseamos una productiva aplicación de lo
aprendido !

112 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016


© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
DIAGNOSTICO
Everything from one source
Bosch Diagnostics for the workshop

Invented for life

Testing Technical Knowledge


technique hotline database

Spare parts

113 AA-AS/TSS-EI11 | 03/06/2016


© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.

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