Papers by Olena Kozakevych / Олена Козакевич
УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ МИСТЕЦТВОЗНАВЧИЙ ДИСКУРС UKRAINIAN ART DISCOURSE, 2022
In the article, the cooperation of scientists from the Ethnology Institute of the National Academ... more In the article, the cooperation of scientists from the Ethnology Institute of the National Academy of Sciences
of Ukraine and the Kaunas University of Technology in the study of both countries ethnographic textiles as one
of the components of cultural interaction that contributes to the European integration of Ukraine are clarified. The
project «Ornamentation of West Ukrainian and Lithuanian Folk Textile: Universal and Unique Parameters» was
implemented during 2018–2019, the continuation of which studies became the research & development (R&D) work
«Unique Technologies of Ethnographic Textile: Experience of Preservation in Western Ukraine and Lithuania»
(2022–2023). The first of them was aimed at establishing scientific contacts between scholars, studying and fixation
Ukrainian and Lithuanian sources and artifacts, and researching specialized literature. The second one, however,
aims to analyze and summarize the gathered material, as well as to discover how it is possible to preserve and
introduce the ancient unique technologies of making and decorating ethnographic textiles in modern production.
In the article, the main attention is paid to the prerequisites for the arise of the project, the main tasks that the
scientists set before themselves when agreeing on it, the results of the first R&D, and the entry to a qualitatively
new level in the second of them. The priority of the 2018–2019 project was the work with textile items for interior
use, in particular, bedspreads and towels. Working in the museums of Western Ukraine and Lithuania, scientists
have analyzed the universal and unique ornamentation parameters of these typological groups, and on the basis
of a comparative analysis have found the artistic features of each of them. Special attention was given to the
formation of both countries museum collections, the features of exhibiting ethnographic textiles, and their use in
family and calendar rituals. As the most similarities in the items decoration are due to the weaving techniques, their
research became the priority of the next project.
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Humanities science current issues
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АКТУАЛЬНI ПИТАННЯ ГУМАНIТАРНИХ НАУК, 2022
In the article, the sashes as an important part of Ukrainian and Lithuanian clothing and associat... more In the article, the sashes as an important part of Ukrainian and Lithuanian clothing and associated with many customs, rituals, and folklore have been analyzed. The main attention is focused on the technological features of making — mesh weaving, ethno local features, and items artistic features. Subject matter related to the beginning of the ancient sprang technique in the context of the development of the historical textile too. It was defined that the sprang sashes were present in the clothing complexes of many ethnical groups, however, they were distinguished by decorative features, which made them both unique and universal at the same time. In traditional clothing, there were many ornamental variants for the sashes` decoration, which made it possible to identify several centers of their making.
The article purpose is to outline the historical, ethnographic, and artistic aspects of netting sashes using in the folk clothing complexes of Ukrainians and Lithuanians at the end of the XIX — the first half of the XX centuries. One of the research key directions is to trace the permanence/interruption of the sashes weaving tradition and its reproduction at the beginning of the XXI century in the context of cultural processes in Ukraine and Lithuania. The author`s field studies as well as the study of textile collections of a number of Ukrainian and Lithuanian museums became important for scientific research. The local features of the netting sashes were discovered based on studied items in museums and information received from respondents. The recorded photo/audio/video material regarding the making of traditional sashes in the modern phase is valuable for ethno artistic practices.
Comparative studies of Ukrainian and Lithuanian items were conducted as a result of international cooperation between Ukrainian and Lithuanian scientists during 2018 — 2019. Common trends in the relevance of restoring the ethnographic textile traditions of both countries and the use of folk textile techniques and ornaments in the design of industrial/author's collections have been traced.
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200 lat Ossolineum, 2022
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PATRIMONIUL CULTURAL DE IERI – IMPLICAȚII ÎN DEZVOLTAREA SOCIETĂȚII DURABILE DE MÂINE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF YESTERDAY – CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY OF TOMORROW, 2022
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Мистецька культура: історія, теорія, методологія ДОПОВІДІ ТА ПОВІДОМЛЕННЯ Х Міжнародної наукової конференції (Львів, 18 листопада 2022 р.) Львів —, 2022
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The Ethnology Notebooks
In the article, establishment distinctions of “Lemkivshchyna” Museum in Sanok at the beginning of... more In the article, establishment distinctions of “Lemkivshchyna” Museum in Sanok at the beginning of the 1930s were analyzed on the basis of archival materials. Prerequisites for the establishment of the institution on socio-cultural factors background and key areas of its functioning in the context of Ukrainian museology were outlined. Special attention is given to the museums, the main purpose of which were to preserve the items of Ukrainian art and Ukrainian culture. From this point of view, the 1920s and 1930s are fascinating, when regional museums began their activities, focusing their collection work mainly on the areas in which they were coming from. This gave the opportunity to explore the area, to establish contact with the clergy, intellectuals and residents, and, accordingly, to acquire works of art. As a result of this active collaborative work, a number of museums were opened (“Boykivshchyna” in Sambir (founded in 1927), “Stryvigor” in Przemyśl, “Hutsulshchyna” in Kolomyia, etc.), where works of folk and church art were collected with a focus on local features. The “Lemkivshchyna” Museum in Sanok was the same one. In 1939, there were 14 this type of Ukrainian museums in the territory of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The history of the museum inextricably linked with Lev Getz. He became the inspiration, one of the founders and the only permanent director — from the establishment of the institution to its liquidation. The relevance of scientific research is due to the need to study the activities of the Society “Lemkivshchyna” Museum as one of the active centers for the preservation of Lemko’s artistic heritage in the interwar period. The novelty of the publication consists of the introduction into scientific circulation of archival materials, in which were recorded the prerequisites for the establishment of the institution; were conveyed the atmosphere of public and cultural life of that time, which revolved around the founding of the museum and the accompanying work of its ideological inspirers. The article purpose is to consider the ways of development and sociocultural background of the “Lemkivshchyna” Museum formation. The object of the research is the reasons for the founding and functioning of the “Lemkivshchyna” Museum. The subject is the development of Ukrainian museums in the 1930s in the context of museum work in the 1920s and 1930s and the preservation of cultural heritage. Source base of the research is literary, archival documents, reports, periodicals, photographs from the funds of museums and research institutions of Ukraine and Poland. The prerequisites for the establishment of the “Lemkivshchyna” Museum outlined in the article are only a separate scientific investigation into the study of this issue.
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Na pograniczach, 2021
At the beginning of XX century “The Industrial Aid League” played an important role in the develo... more At the beginning of XX century “The Industrial Aid League” played an important role in the development and promotion of local industry in Galicia. During the National Products Fair in Lviv (2–4 July 1904) was approved the statute of League. Objective of the activity ― to support the meat industry and defend domestic production against foreign ones, develop various branches of industry (factory, home), conduct professional and artistic education, and especially promote it through exhibitions of domestic products and expositions throughout the country.
“The Industrial Aid League” had great merits in organizing exhibitions of domestic products, during which collections of patterns, samples and specimens of domestic production were presented. The organization of traveling exhibitions was one of the main tasks of the League's Advertising Bureau. The official opening of the first Mobile Exhibition took place 1904 in Lviv in the hall of the Municipal Industrial Museum. A dozen or so samples of the collection of domestic goods patterns were shown, transported in 18 large transport trunks during tours with theoretical lectures to cities and towns. An exhibition was organized in various parts of Galicia: industrial district, home industry, professional and school.
One of the permanent exhibition institutions of “The Industrial Aid League” is the Export Museum, established in Lviv in November 1911, which presented products of handicraft and industrial and domestic production. Export agreements were established with Germany, Australia, Greece, Turkey, Italy, the Balkans, America, Brazil, Switzerland, etc. Among the exported goods, lace-making displays deserved special attention (more than 20) - these products were distinguished by their delicate workmanship, variety of patterns and at the beginning of the XX century accounted for an important part of exports to America.
Based on the study of numbers archival and manuscript`s sources, it was found that “Industrial Aid League” have been at the forefront of promotion and development the local folk arts and crafts in Galicia in the early XX century. Because of its activity, Galician manufactured items became known and in demand not only in the region, but also abroad.
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In the article, establishment distinctions of “Lemkivshchyna”
Museum in Sanok at the beginning o... more In the article, establishment distinctions of “Lemkivshchyna”
Museum in Sanok at the beginning of the 1930s were analyzed
on the basis of archival materials. Prerequisites for the
establishment of the institution on socio-cultural factors background
and key areas of its functioning in the context of Ukrainian
museology were outlined. Special attention is given to the
museums, the main purpose of which were to preserve the
items of Ukrainian art and Ukrainian culture. From this point
of view, the 1920s and 1930s are fascinating, when regional
museums began their activities, focusing their collection work
mainly on the areas in which they were coming from. This gave
the opportunity to explore the area, to establish contact with
the clergy, intellectuals and residents, and, accordingly, to acquire
works of art. As a result of this active collaborative work,
a number of museums were opened (“Boykivshchyna” in
Sambir (founded in 1927), “Stryvigor” in Przemyśl, “Hutsulshchyna”
in Kolomyia, etc.), where works of folk and
church art were collected with a focus on local features. The
“Lemkivshchyna” Museum in Sanok was the same one. In
1939, there were 14 this type of Ukrainian museums in the
territory of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
The history of the museum inextricably linked with Lev Getz.
He became the inspiration, one of the founders and the only
permanent director — from the establishment of the institution
to its liquidation.
The relevance of scientific research is due to the need to
study the activities of the Society “Lemkivshchyna” Museum
as one of the active centers for the preservation of Lemko’s artistic
heritage in the interwar period.
The novelty of the publication consists of the introduction
into scientific circulation of archival materials, in which were
recorded the prerequisites for the establishment of the institution;
were conveyed the atmosphere of public and cultural life of
that time, which revolved around the founding of the museum
and the accompanying work of its ideological inspirers.
The article purpose is to consider the ways of development
and sociocultural background of the “Lemkivshchyna” Museum
formation.
The object of the research is the reasons for the founding and
functioning of the “Lemkivshchyna” Museum. The subject is
the development of Ukrainian museums in the 1930s in the
context of museum work in the 1920s and 1930s and the preservation
of cultural heritage.
Source base of the research is literary, archival documents,
reports, periodicals, photographs from the funds of museums
and research institutions of Ukraine and Poland. The prerequisites
for the establishment of the “Lemkivshchyna” Museum
outlined in the article are only a separate scientific investigation
into the study of this issue.
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Виставкова діяльність «Ліги Промислової Допомоги»: основні напрями, 2021
Діяльність «Ліги Промислової Допомоги» була зосереджена на
кількох основних напрямах, перелік яки... more Діяльність «Ліги Промислової Допомоги» була зосереджена на
кількох основних напрямах, перелік яких постійно розширювався: агі-
таційний (рекламний), лекційний, торговельний, освітянський (ство-
рення професійних шкіл, курсів), жіночого рукомесла, промисловий,
25
експортний та похідні від них [3; 7]. Одним із провідних уважався ви-
ставковий, який передбачав організацію виставок за способом прове-
дення (стаціонарні, мобільні, локальні, регіональні, шкільні), темати-
кою і галуззю (домашній промисел, рільництво, церковне мистецтво,
промислова та сільськогосподарська продукція, професійна освіта, жі-
ноче рукомесло), цільовою аудиторією (підприємці, ремісники, мо-
лодь), видами продукції (кошикарство, іграшка, килимарство, мере-
живо, малярство, меблі, фотографія, алкоголь, промислове обладнання)
тощо. Однак цьому передував досвід виставкових західноєвропейських
практик, а також низка виставок у Галичині другої половини ХІХ ст.,
які певною мірою були знаковими. Це дало належні результати і стало
добрим підґрунтям для «Ліги Промислової Допомоги» у продовженні
та розвитку виставкового руху на поч. ХХ ст.За час 10-літньої діяльності «Ліга Промислової Допомоги» орга-
нізувала 25 окружних промислових виставок, 19 спеціалізованих (про-
фесійних), 100 різноманітних «дрібних» виставок, 632 постої Пересув-
ної виставки, 7 постійних виставок — усього 842 презентації продукції
місцевого виробництва. Великий інтерес такі виставки становили
головно для представників тих верств суспільства, які традиційно були
зацікавлені й зайняті у рільництві та культурі, дещо менше —
у господарсько-промисловій діяльності. Організатори цих акцій скру-
пульозно облікували учасників, товарні групи та фінансообіг, після за-
криття робили висновки щодо успішності чи невдачі кожного заходу.
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Восьмі Палатонівські читання. Тези доповідей Міжнародної наукової конференції. – Київ: СПД Чалчинська Н.В., 2021. – 240 с.: іл., 2021
мами виготовлення, способами оздоблення, що формувало їхні локальні
особливості, почасти унікальн... more мами виготовлення, способами оздоблення, що формувало їхні локальні
особливості, почасти унікальні. Виплітали вручну та голкою, застосову-
вали спеціальні кросенця для техніки «брання». Упродовж 19 – першій
третині 20 ст. у виготовленні мереживної основи чіпців використовували
найрізноманітнішу сировину. В домашніх умовах це був перважно льон,
коноплі, від поч. 20 ст. – бавовна, волічка. З поширенням промислових
тканин – купована («крамна») сітка або звичайна марля, яку підфарбову-
вали. Для окремих деталей чіпців також уживали тканину (сукно, шовк,
шалян, ситець), для оздоблення – вишивку, бісер, блискітки, крамні стріч-
ки. Це значною мірою впливало на декоративні локальні особливості бой-
ківських чіпців 19 – першої третини 20 ст.
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Ukraińcy i ich sąsiedzi na przesztrzeni wieków: polityka, gospodarka, religija, kultura i życie codzienne, red. Roman Drozd, Bohdan Halczak. T.II. Słupsk-Warszawa,S.31―45 , 2021
In the paper the importance of “The Industrial Aid League” in a development of Galician folk arts... more In the paper the importance of “The Industrial Aid League” in a development of Galician folk arts and crafts in the early XX century is considered. The main prerequisites for its formation, key areas of function, statutory obligations are outlined. It was found that in the late XIX — early XX centuries the idea to creating an organization was arisen in some representatives of an authorities, industrialists, philanthropists. The organization activity was should consist in uniting region`s manufacturers, craftsmen, merchants into a single circle of like-minded people, which would raise the level and significance the local producer. As a result, “The Industrial Aid League” was officially approved during the Regional Products Fair in Lviv (1904).
“The Industrial Aid League” supported and developed various industries of local handicrafts: textile and clothing production, production „bibulka” for cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, bent furniture constructions, sweets, manufacture items from calamus, straw, wool, wax, metal, in particular artificial corals, ties, musical instruments, ceramics, etc. Also it was led to growth of local professional training, which made it possible to educate their own industrial forces, competitive abroad, and produce local quality goods.
An important role was given to exhibitions, the key of which was the Mobile Exhibition. The exhibition had several tasks, one of which was to raise interest in local products and encouraging independent work among the public, and especially between young and rural people.
Based on the study of numbers archival and manuscript`s sources, it was found that “Industrial Aid League” have been at the forefront of promotion and development the local folk arts and crafts in Galicia in the early XX century. Because of its activity, Galician manufactured items became known and in demand not only in the region, but also abroad.
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SIMPOZIONUL NAȚIONAL DE STUDII CULTURALE dedicat Zilelor Europene ale Patrimoniului Cultural Ediția a II-a, 2020
Желание украсить жилище и эстетические предпочтения украинцев влияли на разнообразие возможностей... more Желание украсить жилище и эстетические предпочтения украинцев влияли на разнообразие возможностей реализации декора традиционного интерьера. Определенные социокультурные, этнические и художественные факторы влияли на выбор материала, цвета, орнамента, а влияния и сочетание городской и сельской культуры, модных тенденций и архаических элементов создавали новые и оригинальные варианты украшения. В конце ХІХ – нач. ХХ в. в интерьере народного жилища украинцев распространяются ажурные украшения: текстильное кружево для украшения полотенец, скатертей и простыней; настенные росписи «мальóвкы»; искусственные цветы. «Вытынáнкы» ― прорезные украшения из бумаги ― один из ярких примеров украинского народного искусства. Способом вырезания различных узоров делали занавески «фирáнкы» на окна, обрамление икон, декорировали стены, «свóлоки». Такое разнообразие орнаментов, часто довольно таки сложных, и в то же время, изготовленных посредством простых технологических приемов, способствовали коллекционированию и созданию музейных и частных коллекций.
Большая коллекция вырезных украшений из бумаги хранится в фондах Этнографического музея в Кракове им. Сэвэрына Удзели (Польша). Собирательская деятельность повязана главным образом с Товариществом «Польское прикладное искусство» («Polska Sztuka Stosowana») (1901―1914), созданная в 1901 г. в Кракове с целью популяризации народного искусства. Именно в этот период собрано наибольшее количество «вытынанок» не только украинских, но и литовских и белорусских. Коллекцию было передано на депозит в Технически-промышленный музей в Кракове; после его ликвидации в 1951 г. передали в Академию изобразительных искусств и Этнографический музей. А после 1967 г. вся коллекция сосредоточилась в Этнографическом музее в Кракове.
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YESTERDAY’S CULTURAL HERITAGE – IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOMORROW’S SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY, 2020
In the paper local features of traditional shirts “sorochkas” in sets of clothes in Transcarpathi... more In the paper local features of traditional shirts “sorochkas” in sets of clothes in Transcarpathian Hutsul region of the end XIX — early XXI centuries are discussed. Openwork items` universal and unique parameters in the context of Hutsul folk clothing in time dimension slice are defined. Special attention is focused to décor, namely lace. Based on literature sources and author`s field researches local features of items this typological group, in particular, the methods of decoration, which were formed as a result of the socio-cultural and ethnic characteristics of this territory are analysed. Technique and technological methods of manufacturing textile adornments, ways of forming their artistic and stylistic features, local versions of ornaments are studied. On the grounds of on these studies, the most striking centers of openwork decor have been identified. Defined that the folk clothing and their décor in north territories (Yasinia, Chorna Tysa, Lazenshchyna, Kvasy, Bilyn) has general characteristics with the clothing of Galician Hutsul region (Voronenko, Vorokhta, Yablunytsia). Openwork adornments of shirts in this territory were fragmented: connecting stitches by embroidery or knitting techniques were made. And on the contrary, the clothes of the southern part of the Rakhiv region are more similar to the Slovak and Romanian clothing for the structural elements and décor. For example, lace decor, crocheted or industrially made, is common in female shirts of the "Volokh" (Romanian) type. Ornaments of this territory mainly consists of phytomorphic motifs (inflorescences, buds, twigs, leaves). Thus, the combination of embroidery, lace, textures and structural details created a unique for the ethnographic Hutsul region, but a widespread and typical for the Ukrainian-Romanian borderland the décor type of traditional female shirts “sorochkas”. A number of works, photographs, respondents` narratives and local terms obtained during expeditions have been introduced into scientific use.
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Yesterday’s heritage – implications for the development of tomorrow’s sustainable society, 2021
In the end of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century in Galicia, women are
actively involved i... more In the end of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century in Galicia, women are
actively involved in the development of crafts, trades, arts and education in the
region. Although the process of emancipation proceeded quite slowly, especially
in traditional life, progressive feminist tendencies of the West spread among the
women of Galicia. They were no satisfied with the role of “housekeeper”, they
strove for self-realization and equality not only in families, but also in society.
One of the areas where women achieved success was the development of handicrafts
and various types of homemade craft: they made manufactures, organized
meetings, and conducted instruct.
We achieved more success in the development of lace-making and knitting.
These types of needlework developed in two directions: in the context of fashion
and traditional textiles (clothing). Each of these areas can be studied separately.
The basics of lace making, sewing, knitting, and embroidery were taught in the
context of the subject “women’s handicraft”, which was defined as compulsory in
the curricula of primary schools in Galicia, public and private types at the end
of the 19th century. At the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century were
opened several schools that specialized in lace making. Their products became
popular outside the region as well, because they were distinguished by highquality
workmanship, original ornaments and manufacturing techniques, which
competed with imported products. The most famous schools of lace-making,
mostly private, are in Khorkovtsi, Penyaki, Bobovey, Kanchug, Mushin, Zakopane,
Yavoriv, et. al. The products were characterized by a highly artistic level,
since they were exported abroad, where they were popular. The study of the assortment,
manufacturing techniques, the activities of schools and courses testifies
to the development of lace-making and knitting of the indicated period, and
also confirms the important role of women in the development of needlework in
Galicia.
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Народознавчі зошити, 2021
Introduction. In the paper, the importance of «The Industrial Aid League» in a development of Gal... more Introduction. In the paper, the importance of «The Industrial Aid League» in a development of Galician folk arts and crafts in the early XX century is considered. The main prerequisites for its formation, key areas of function, statutory obligations are outlined. The creation of the organization was due to the urgent need for support and development of the Galician producer and the importance of local products. During the Fair of Regional Products in Lviv (1904) «The Industrial Aid League» was officially approved with the initiative and facilitate of industrialists, patrons, artisans and the public. The activity of «The Industrial Aid League» was extremely effective, especially before World War I: exhibitions, the revival of homespun crafts, the export of local goods, the professional education. However, the significance and effective results of «The Industrial Aid League» remained out of the attention of Ukrainian researchers, which emphasizes the relevance of the article. The paper aim-to outline main activities of «The Industrial Aid League» in the context of the craft development in Halychyna (Galicia) in the early XX century. The novelty of the publication lies in the introduction into scientific circulation the information about the activities of the «The Industrial Aid League» and its significance for the Galician industry of the first third of the XX century. It was found that in the early XX century «The Industrial Aid League» was a leader in the promotion and development of local crafts and in Halychyna (Galicia). Thanks to its activity, the products of Galician manufacturers became known and were in demand not only in the region but also abroad. The main function directions of the organization are identified as well as its leading centers are clarified. This data are published for the first time. The research object is the activities of «The Industrial Aid League», and the subject is the development of folk arts and crafts in Halychyna (Galicia) in the late of XIX-early XX centuries. The paper methodological basis is the principle of historicism. The paper source base consists of archival documents, reports, periodicals, photographs from the funds of research institutions of Ukraine and Poland.
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НАРОДНЕ МИСТЕЦТВО В ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ СОФІЇ ЧЕХОВИЧ FOLK ART IN SOPHIA CHEKHOVYCH STUDIES, 2021
Розглянуто науковий доробок української дослідниці Софії Че-хович. Увагу зосереджено на тематиці ... more Розглянуто науковий доробок української дослідниці Софії Че-хович. Увагу зосереджено на тематиці народного мистецтва, яке стало про-відним напрямком багаторічних досліджень вченої. Більшість документів, які зберігаються у фондах Львівської Національної наукової бібліотеки ім. Василя Стефаника, вводяться у науковий обіг уперше. Рукописи містять оригінальні матеріали, зібрані С. Чехович під час багаторічних експедицій та під час робо-ти в музейних установах.
Scientific heritage by Sophia Chekhovych is considered. Special at-tention is given to folk art, which has become a leading area of long-term research of the scientist. Most of the documents stored in the funds of the Vasyl Stefanyk Lviv National Scientific Library are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The manuscripts contain original materials collected by S. Chekhovych during her long-term expeditions and during work in museum institutions.
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КУЛТУРНО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКО НАСЛЕДСТВО: OПАЗВАНЕ, ПРЕДСТАВЯНЕ, ДИГИТАЛИЗАЦИЯAGE`S OBJECTS IN POLAND: COLLECTIONS OF ETHNOGRAPHY AND ART, PHOTO LIBRARIES, ARCHIVES, 2020
The large numbers of material culture`s objects that originate from Ukrainian territories of the ... more The large numbers of material culture`s objects that originate from Ukrainian territories of the late XIX — mid XX centuries are preserved in Polish museum and archival institutions. The main groups can be distinguished: museum collections of ethnography and art, archival documents and photo libraries (negatives and photo prints). Polish specialists, who have been digitizing such collections for long time, also deal with Ukrainian material, often involving Ukrainian scholars for attribution. A large part of the material is posted online (sometimes as separate projects), which provides an opportunity to get acquainted with Ukrainian cultural heritage of wide audience (most often associated with ethnographic Hutsul and Bojko Regions), for example, photos of Hutsuls and Hutsul life by Gonsiorovsky, Poddembsky, Dutkevych, Senkovsky. Most digitized objects are stored on institutions' servers, and scientists are given access to information during their research. Further usage of these documents by scientists is regulated by the legislation of the European Union and the relevant institution. Within the framework of Polish-Ukrainian cooperation, digital copies are transferred to Ukraine, such as part of T. Shevchenko Scientific Society`s archive, the original copy of which are kept in Warsaw. In this way, the objects of Ukrainian cultural heritage become available for knowledge to the wide audience.
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DIGITIZATION OF UKRAINIAN CULTURAL HERITAGE`S OBJECTS IN POLAND: COLLECTIONS OF ETHNOGRAPHY AND ART, PHOTO LIBRARIES, ARCHIVES, 2020
Сборникът е финансиран от фонд "Научни изследвания" за 2020 г. по програма за подкрепа на междуна... more Сборникът е финансиран от фонд "Научни изследвания" за 2020 г. по програма за подкрепа на международни научни форуми, провеждани в България с договор № КП-06-МНФ-41 от 18.12.2019 The proceedings is funded by the National Research Fund of Bulgaria for 2020 under a program to support international scientific forums held in Bulgaria with a contract № KP-06-MNF-41 from 18.12.2019
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Papers by Olena Kozakevych / Олена Козакевич
of Ukraine and the Kaunas University of Technology in the study of both countries ethnographic textiles as one
of the components of cultural interaction that contributes to the European integration of Ukraine are clarified. The
project «Ornamentation of West Ukrainian and Lithuanian Folk Textile: Universal and Unique Parameters» was
implemented during 2018–2019, the continuation of which studies became the research & development (R&D) work
«Unique Technologies of Ethnographic Textile: Experience of Preservation in Western Ukraine and Lithuania»
(2022–2023). The first of them was aimed at establishing scientific contacts between scholars, studying and fixation
Ukrainian and Lithuanian sources and artifacts, and researching specialized literature. The second one, however,
aims to analyze and summarize the gathered material, as well as to discover how it is possible to preserve and
introduce the ancient unique technologies of making and decorating ethnographic textiles in modern production.
In the article, the main attention is paid to the prerequisites for the arise of the project, the main tasks that the
scientists set before themselves when agreeing on it, the results of the first R&D, and the entry to a qualitatively
new level in the second of them. The priority of the 2018–2019 project was the work with textile items for interior
use, in particular, bedspreads and towels. Working in the museums of Western Ukraine and Lithuania, scientists
have analyzed the universal and unique ornamentation parameters of these typological groups, and on the basis
of a comparative analysis have found the artistic features of each of them. Special attention was given to the
formation of both countries museum collections, the features of exhibiting ethnographic textiles, and their use in
family and calendar rituals. As the most similarities in the items decoration are due to the weaving techniques, their
research became the priority of the next project.
The article purpose is to outline the historical, ethnographic, and artistic aspects of netting sashes using in the folk clothing complexes of Ukrainians and Lithuanians at the end of the XIX — the first half of the XX centuries. One of the research key directions is to trace the permanence/interruption of the sashes weaving tradition and its reproduction at the beginning of the XXI century in the context of cultural processes in Ukraine and Lithuania. The author`s field studies as well as the study of textile collections of a number of Ukrainian and Lithuanian museums became important for scientific research. The local features of the netting sashes were discovered based on studied items in museums and information received from respondents. The recorded photo/audio/video material regarding the making of traditional sashes in the modern phase is valuable for ethno artistic practices.
Comparative studies of Ukrainian and Lithuanian items were conducted as a result of international cooperation between Ukrainian and Lithuanian scientists during 2018 — 2019. Common trends in the relevance of restoring the ethnographic textile traditions of both countries and the use of folk textile techniques and ornaments in the design of industrial/author's collections have been traced.
“The Industrial Aid League” had great merits in organizing exhibitions of domestic products, during which collections of patterns, samples and specimens of domestic production were presented. The organization of traveling exhibitions was one of the main tasks of the League's Advertising Bureau. The official opening of the first Mobile Exhibition took place 1904 in Lviv in the hall of the Municipal Industrial Museum. A dozen or so samples of the collection of domestic goods patterns were shown, transported in 18 large transport trunks during tours with theoretical lectures to cities and towns. An exhibition was organized in various parts of Galicia: industrial district, home industry, professional and school.
One of the permanent exhibition institutions of “The Industrial Aid League” is the Export Museum, established in Lviv in November 1911, which presented products of handicraft and industrial and domestic production. Export agreements were established with Germany, Australia, Greece, Turkey, Italy, the Balkans, America, Brazil, Switzerland, etc. Among the exported goods, lace-making displays deserved special attention (more than 20) - these products were distinguished by their delicate workmanship, variety of patterns and at the beginning of the XX century accounted for an important part of exports to America.
Based on the study of numbers archival and manuscript`s sources, it was found that “Industrial Aid League” have been at the forefront of promotion and development the local folk arts and crafts in Galicia in the early XX century. Because of its activity, Galician manufactured items became known and in demand not only in the region, but also abroad.
Museum in Sanok at the beginning of the 1930s were analyzed
on the basis of archival materials. Prerequisites for the
establishment of the institution on socio-cultural factors background
and key areas of its functioning in the context of Ukrainian
museology were outlined. Special attention is given to the
museums, the main purpose of which were to preserve the
items of Ukrainian art and Ukrainian culture. From this point
of view, the 1920s and 1930s are fascinating, when regional
museums began their activities, focusing their collection work
mainly on the areas in which they were coming from. This gave
the opportunity to explore the area, to establish contact with
the clergy, intellectuals and residents, and, accordingly, to acquire
works of art. As a result of this active collaborative work,
a number of museums were opened (“Boykivshchyna” in
Sambir (founded in 1927), “Stryvigor” in Przemyśl, “Hutsulshchyna”
in Kolomyia, etc.), where works of folk and
church art were collected with a focus on local features. The
“Lemkivshchyna” Museum in Sanok was the same one. In
1939, there were 14 this type of Ukrainian museums in the
territory of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
The history of the museum inextricably linked with Lev Getz.
He became the inspiration, one of the founders and the only
permanent director — from the establishment of the institution
to its liquidation.
The relevance of scientific research is due to the need to
study the activities of the Society “Lemkivshchyna” Museum
as one of the active centers for the preservation of Lemko’s artistic
heritage in the interwar period.
The novelty of the publication consists of the introduction
into scientific circulation of archival materials, in which were
recorded the prerequisites for the establishment of the institution;
were conveyed the atmosphere of public and cultural life of
that time, which revolved around the founding of the museum
and the accompanying work of its ideological inspirers.
The article purpose is to consider the ways of development
and sociocultural background of the “Lemkivshchyna” Museum
formation.
The object of the research is the reasons for the founding and
functioning of the “Lemkivshchyna” Museum. The subject is
the development of Ukrainian museums in the 1930s in the
context of museum work in the 1920s and 1930s and the preservation
of cultural heritage.
Source base of the research is literary, archival documents,
reports, periodicals, photographs from the funds of museums
and research institutions of Ukraine and Poland. The prerequisites
for the establishment of the “Lemkivshchyna” Museum
outlined in the article are only a separate scientific investigation
into the study of this issue.
кількох основних напрямах, перелік яких постійно розширювався: агі-
таційний (рекламний), лекційний, торговельний, освітянський (ство-
рення професійних шкіл, курсів), жіночого рукомесла, промисловий,
25
експортний та похідні від них [3; 7]. Одним із провідних уважався ви-
ставковий, який передбачав організацію виставок за способом прове-
дення (стаціонарні, мобільні, локальні, регіональні, шкільні), темати-
кою і галуззю (домашній промисел, рільництво, церковне мистецтво,
промислова та сільськогосподарська продукція, професійна освіта, жі-
ноче рукомесло), цільовою аудиторією (підприємці, ремісники, мо-
лодь), видами продукції (кошикарство, іграшка, килимарство, мере-
живо, малярство, меблі, фотографія, алкоголь, промислове обладнання)
тощо. Однак цьому передував досвід виставкових західноєвропейських
практик, а також низка виставок у Галичині другої половини ХІХ ст.,
які певною мірою були знаковими. Це дало належні результати і стало
добрим підґрунтям для «Ліги Промислової Допомоги» у продовженні
та розвитку виставкового руху на поч. ХХ ст.За час 10-літньої діяльності «Ліга Промислової Допомоги» орга-
нізувала 25 окружних промислових виставок, 19 спеціалізованих (про-
фесійних), 100 різноманітних «дрібних» виставок, 632 постої Пересув-
ної виставки, 7 постійних виставок — усього 842 презентації продукції
місцевого виробництва. Великий інтерес такі виставки становили
головно для представників тих верств суспільства, які традиційно були
зацікавлені й зайняті у рільництві та культурі, дещо менше —
у господарсько-промисловій діяльності. Організатори цих акцій скру-
пульозно облікували учасників, товарні групи та фінансообіг, після за-
криття робили висновки щодо успішності чи невдачі кожного заходу.
особливості, почасти унікальні. Виплітали вручну та голкою, застосову-
вали спеціальні кросенця для техніки «брання». Упродовж 19 – першій
третині 20 ст. у виготовленні мереживної основи чіпців використовували
найрізноманітнішу сировину. В домашніх умовах це був перважно льон,
коноплі, від поч. 20 ст. – бавовна, волічка. З поширенням промислових
тканин – купована («крамна») сітка або звичайна марля, яку підфарбову-
вали. Для окремих деталей чіпців також уживали тканину (сукно, шовк,
шалян, ситець), для оздоблення – вишивку, бісер, блискітки, крамні стріч-
ки. Це значною мірою впливало на декоративні локальні особливості бой-
ківських чіпців 19 – першої третини 20 ст.
“The Industrial Aid League” supported and developed various industries of local handicrafts: textile and clothing production, production „bibulka” for cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, bent furniture constructions, sweets, manufacture items from calamus, straw, wool, wax, metal, in particular artificial corals, ties, musical instruments, ceramics, etc. Also it was led to growth of local professional training, which made it possible to educate their own industrial forces, competitive abroad, and produce local quality goods.
An important role was given to exhibitions, the key of which was the Mobile Exhibition. The exhibition had several tasks, one of which was to raise interest in local products and encouraging independent work among the public, and especially between young and rural people.
Based on the study of numbers archival and manuscript`s sources, it was found that “Industrial Aid League” have been at the forefront of promotion and development the local folk arts and crafts in Galicia in the early XX century. Because of its activity, Galician manufactured items became known and in demand not only in the region, but also abroad.
Большая коллекция вырезных украшений из бумаги хранится в фондах Этнографического музея в Кракове им. Сэвэрына Удзели (Польша). Собирательская деятельность повязана главным образом с Товариществом «Польское прикладное искусство» («Polska Sztuka Stosowana») (1901―1914), созданная в 1901 г. в Кракове с целью популяризации народного искусства. Именно в этот период собрано наибольшее количество «вытынанок» не только украинских, но и литовских и белорусских. Коллекцию было передано на депозит в Технически-промышленный музей в Кракове; после его ликвидации в 1951 г. передали в Академию изобразительных искусств и Этнографический музей. А после 1967 г. вся коллекция сосредоточилась в Этнографическом музее в Кракове.
actively involved in the development of crafts, trades, arts and education in the
region. Although the process of emancipation proceeded quite slowly, especially
in traditional life, progressive feminist tendencies of the West spread among the
women of Galicia. They were no satisfied with the role of “housekeeper”, they
strove for self-realization and equality not only in families, but also in society.
One of the areas where women achieved success was the development of handicrafts
and various types of homemade craft: they made manufactures, organized
meetings, and conducted instruct.
We achieved more success in the development of lace-making and knitting.
These types of needlework developed in two directions: in the context of fashion
and traditional textiles (clothing). Each of these areas can be studied separately.
The basics of lace making, sewing, knitting, and embroidery were taught in the
context of the subject “women’s handicraft”, which was defined as compulsory in
the curricula of primary schools in Galicia, public and private types at the end
of the 19th century. At the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century were
opened several schools that specialized in lace making. Their products became
popular outside the region as well, because they were distinguished by highquality
workmanship, original ornaments and manufacturing techniques, which
competed with imported products. The most famous schools of lace-making,
mostly private, are in Khorkovtsi, Penyaki, Bobovey, Kanchug, Mushin, Zakopane,
Yavoriv, et. al. The products were characterized by a highly artistic level,
since they were exported abroad, where they were popular. The study of the assortment,
manufacturing techniques, the activities of schools and courses testifies
to the development of lace-making and knitting of the indicated period, and
also confirms the important role of women in the development of needlework in
Galicia.
Scientific heritage by Sophia Chekhovych is considered. Special at-tention is given to folk art, which has become a leading area of long-term research of the scientist. Most of the documents stored in the funds of the Vasyl Stefanyk Lviv National Scientific Library are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The manuscripts contain original materials collected by S. Chekhovych during her long-term expeditions and during work in museum institutions.
of Ukraine and the Kaunas University of Technology in the study of both countries ethnographic textiles as one
of the components of cultural interaction that contributes to the European integration of Ukraine are clarified. The
project «Ornamentation of West Ukrainian and Lithuanian Folk Textile: Universal and Unique Parameters» was
implemented during 2018–2019, the continuation of which studies became the research & development (R&D) work
«Unique Technologies of Ethnographic Textile: Experience of Preservation in Western Ukraine and Lithuania»
(2022–2023). The first of them was aimed at establishing scientific contacts between scholars, studying and fixation
Ukrainian and Lithuanian sources and artifacts, and researching specialized literature. The second one, however,
aims to analyze and summarize the gathered material, as well as to discover how it is possible to preserve and
introduce the ancient unique technologies of making and decorating ethnographic textiles in modern production.
In the article, the main attention is paid to the prerequisites for the arise of the project, the main tasks that the
scientists set before themselves when agreeing on it, the results of the first R&D, and the entry to a qualitatively
new level in the second of them. The priority of the 2018–2019 project was the work with textile items for interior
use, in particular, bedspreads and towels. Working in the museums of Western Ukraine and Lithuania, scientists
have analyzed the universal and unique ornamentation parameters of these typological groups, and on the basis
of a comparative analysis have found the artistic features of each of them. Special attention was given to the
formation of both countries museum collections, the features of exhibiting ethnographic textiles, and their use in
family and calendar rituals. As the most similarities in the items decoration are due to the weaving techniques, their
research became the priority of the next project.
The article purpose is to outline the historical, ethnographic, and artistic aspects of netting sashes using in the folk clothing complexes of Ukrainians and Lithuanians at the end of the XIX — the first half of the XX centuries. One of the research key directions is to trace the permanence/interruption of the sashes weaving tradition and its reproduction at the beginning of the XXI century in the context of cultural processes in Ukraine and Lithuania. The author`s field studies as well as the study of textile collections of a number of Ukrainian and Lithuanian museums became important for scientific research. The local features of the netting sashes were discovered based on studied items in museums and information received from respondents. The recorded photo/audio/video material regarding the making of traditional sashes in the modern phase is valuable for ethno artistic practices.
Comparative studies of Ukrainian and Lithuanian items were conducted as a result of international cooperation between Ukrainian and Lithuanian scientists during 2018 — 2019. Common trends in the relevance of restoring the ethnographic textile traditions of both countries and the use of folk textile techniques and ornaments in the design of industrial/author's collections have been traced.
“The Industrial Aid League” had great merits in organizing exhibitions of domestic products, during which collections of patterns, samples and specimens of domestic production were presented. The organization of traveling exhibitions was one of the main tasks of the League's Advertising Bureau. The official opening of the first Mobile Exhibition took place 1904 in Lviv in the hall of the Municipal Industrial Museum. A dozen or so samples of the collection of domestic goods patterns were shown, transported in 18 large transport trunks during tours with theoretical lectures to cities and towns. An exhibition was organized in various parts of Galicia: industrial district, home industry, professional and school.
One of the permanent exhibition institutions of “The Industrial Aid League” is the Export Museum, established in Lviv in November 1911, which presented products of handicraft and industrial and domestic production. Export agreements were established with Germany, Australia, Greece, Turkey, Italy, the Balkans, America, Brazil, Switzerland, etc. Among the exported goods, lace-making displays deserved special attention (more than 20) - these products were distinguished by their delicate workmanship, variety of patterns and at the beginning of the XX century accounted for an important part of exports to America.
Based on the study of numbers archival and manuscript`s sources, it was found that “Industrial Aid League” have been at the forefront of promotion and development the local folk arts and crafts in Galicia in the early XX century. Because of its activity, Galician manufactured items became known and in demand not only in the region, but also abroad.
Museum in Sanok at the beginning of the 1930s were analyzed
on the basis of archival materials. Prerequisites for the
establishment of the institution on socio-cultural factors background
and key areas of its functioning in the context of Ukrainian
museology were outlined. Special attention is given to the
museums, the main purpose of which were to preserve the
items of Ukrainian art and Ukrainian culture. From this point
of view, the 1920s and 1930s are fascinating, when regional
museums began their activities, focusing their collection work
mainly on the areas in which they were coming from. This gave
the opportunity to explore the area, to establish contact with
the clergy, intellectuals and residents, and, accordingly, to acquire
works of art. As a result of this active collaborative work,
a number of museums were opened (“Boykivshchyna” in
Sambir (founded in 1927), “Stryvigor” in Przemyśl, “Hutsulshchyna”
in Kolomyia, etc.), where works of folk and
church art were collected with a focus on local features. The
“Lemkivshchyna” Museum in Sanok was the same one. In
1939, there were 14 this type of Ukrainian museums in the
territory of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
The history of the museum inextricably linked with Lev Getz.
He became the inspiration, one of the founders and the only
permanent director — from the establishment of the institution
to its liquidation.
The relevance of scientific research is due to the need to
study the activities of the Society “Lemkivshchyna” Museum
as one of the active centers for the preservation of Lemko’s artistic
heritage in the interwar period.
The novelty of the publication consists of the introduction
into scientific circulation of archival materials, in which were
recorded the prerequisites for the establishment of the institution;
were conveyed the atmosphere of public and cultural life of
that time, which revolved around the founding of the museum
and the accompanying work of its ideological inspirers.
The article purpose is to consider the ways of development
and sociocultural background of the “Lemkivshchyna” Museum
formation.
The object of the research is the reasons for the founding and
functioning of the “Lemkivshchyna” Museum. The subject is
the development of Ukrainian museums in the 1930s in the
context of museum work in the 1920s and 1930s and the preservation
of cultural heritage.
Source base of the research is literary, archival documents,
reports, periodicals, photographs from the funds of museums
and research institutions of Ukraine and Poland. The prerequisites
for the establishment of the “Lemkivshchyna” Museum
outlined in the article are only a separate scientific investigation
into the study of this issue.
кількох основних напрямах, перелік яких постійно розширювався: агі-
таційний (рекламний), лекційний, торговельний, освітянський (ство-
рення професійних шкіл, курсів), жіночого рукомесла, промисловий,
25
експортний та похідні від них [3; 7]. Одним із провідних уважався ви-
ставковий, який передбачав організацію виставок за способом прове-
дення (стаціонарні, мобільні, локальні, регіональні, шкільні), темати-
кою і галуззю (домашній промисел, рільництво, церковне мистецтво,
промислова та сільськогосподарська продукція, професійна освіта, жі-
ноче рукомесло), цільовою аудиторією (підприємці, ремісники, мо-
лодь), видами продукції (кошикарство, іграшка, килимарство, мере-
живо, малярство, меблі, фотографія, алкоголь, промислове обладнання)
тощо. Однак цьому передував досвід виставкових західноєвропейських
практик, а також низка виставок у Галичині другої половини ХІХ ст.,
які певною мірою були знаковими. Це дало належні результати і стало
добрим підґрунтям для «Ліги Промислової Допомоги» у продовженні
та розвитку виставкового руху на поч. ХХ ст.За час 10-літньої діяльності «Ліга Промислової Допомоги» орга-
нізувала 25 окружних промислових виставок, 19 спеціалізованих (про-
фесійних), 100 різноманітних «дрібних» виставок, 632 постої Пересув-
ної виставки, 7 постійних виставок — усього 842 презентації продукції
місцевого виробництва. Великий інтерес такі виставки становили
головно для представників тих верств суспільства, які традиційно були
зацікавлені й зайняті у рільництві та культурі, дещо менше —
у господарсько-промисловій діяльності. Організатори цих акцій скру-
пульозно облікували учасників, товарні групи та фінансообіг, після за-
криття робили висновки щодо успішності чи невдачі кожного заходу.
особливості, почасти унікальні. Виплітали вручну та голкою, застосову-
вали спеціальні кросенця для техніки «брання». Упродовж 19 – першій
третині 20 ст. у виготовленні мереживної основи чіпців використовували
найрізноманітнішу сировину. В домашніх умовах це був перважно льон,
коноплі, від поч. 20 ст. – бавовна, волічка. З поширенням промислових
тканин – купована («крамна») сітка або звичайна марля, яку підфарбову-
вали. Для окремих деталей чіпців також уживали тканину (сукно, шовк,
шалян, ситець), для оздоблення – вишивку, бісер, блискітки, крамні стріч-
ки. Це значною мірою впливало на декоративні локальні особливості бой-
ківських чіпців 19 – першої третини 20 ст.
“The Industrial Aid League” supported and developed various industries of local handicrafts: textile and clothing production, production „bibulka” for cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, bent furniture constructions, sweets, manufacture items from calamus, straw, wool, wax, metal, in particular artificial corals, ties, musical instruments, ceramics, etc. Also it was led to growth of local professional training, which made it possible to educate their own industrial forces, competitive abroad, and produce local quality goods.
An important role was given to exhibitions, the key of which was the Mobile Exhibition. The exhibition had several tasks, one of which was to raise interest in local products and encouraging independent work among the public, and especially between young and rural people.
Based on the study of numbers archival and manuscript`s sources, it was found that “Industrial Aid League” have been at the forefront of promotion and development the local folk arts and crafts in Galicia in the early XX century. Because of its activity, Galician manufactured items became known and in demand not only in the region, but also abroad.
Большая коллекция вырезных украшений из бумаги хранится в фондах Этнографического музея в Кракове им. Сэвэрына Удзели (Польша). Собирательская деятельность повязана главным образом с Товариществом «Польское прикладное искусство» («Polska Sztuka Stosowana») (1901―1914), созданная в 1901 г. в Кракове с целью популяризации народного искусства. Именно в этот период собрано наибольшее количество «вытынанок» не только украинских, но и литовских и белорусских. Коллекцию было передано на депозит в Технически-промышленный музей в Кракове; после его ликвидации в 1951 г. передали в Академию изобразительных искусств и Этнографический музей. А после 1967 г. вся коллекция сосредоточилась в Этнографическом музее в Кракове.
actively involved in the development of crafts, trades, arts and education in the
region. Although the process of emancipation proceeded quite slowly, especially
in traditional life, progressive feminist tendencies of the West spread among the
women of Galicia. They were no satisfied with the role of “housekeeper”, they
strove for self-realization and equality not only in families, but also in society.
One of the areas where women achieved success was the development of handicrafts
and various types of homemade craft: they made manufactures, organized
meetings, and conducted instruct.
We achieved more success in the development of lace-making and knitting.
These types of needlework developed in two directions: in the context of fashion
and traditional textiles (clothing). Each of these areas can be studied separately.
The basics of lace making, sewing, knitting, and embroidery were taught in the
context of the subject “women’s handicraft”, which was defined as compulsory in
the curricula of primary schools in Galicia, public and private types at the end
of the 19th century. At the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century were
opened several schools that specialized in lace making. Their products became
popular outside the region as well, because they were distinguished by highquality
workmanship, original ornaments and manufacturing techniques, which
competed with imported products. The most famous schools of lace-making,
mostly private, are in Khorkovtsi, Penyaki, Bobovey, Kanchug, Mushin, Zakopane,
Yavoriv, et. al. The products were characterized by a highly artistic level,
since they were exported abroad, where they were popular. The study of the assortment,
manufacturing techniques, the activities of schools and courses testifies
to the development of lace-making and knitting of the indicated period, and
also confirms the important role of women in the development of needlework in
Galicia.
Scientific heritage by Sophia Chekhovych is considered. Special at-tention is given to folk art, which has become a leading area of long-term research of the scientist. Most of the documents stored in the funds of the Vasyl Stefanyk Lviv National Scientific Library are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The manuscripts contain original materials collected by S. Chekhovych during her long-term expeditions and during work in museum institutions.
from the Folk Art Department of the Ethnology Institute of the
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Lviv) and the Department
of Production Engineering of Kaunas University of Technology
studied and continue to study Western Ukrainian and Lithuanian
traditional textiles of the late 19th and the first half of the 20th
centuries.
The project was continued in 2022 under the title “Unique Technologies
of Ethnographic Textile: Experience of Preservation in
Western Ukraine and Lithuania,” aimed at conducting international
and interdisciplinary research on the preservation and reproduction
experience of unique technologies in the ethnographic textile
making in Western Ukrainian and Lithuania.
присвячений окресленню місця та ролі народного мистецтва в українській культурі та
світовому цивілізаційному просторі, збереженню й популяризації етнічних мистецьких
надбань, зокрема, у музейних і приватних збірках, використанню народного мистецтва у
практиках навчально-виховних закладів, зв’язкам і взаємовпливам народного та
академічного мистецтва.
The scientific yearbook «Folk Art of the ХХІ Century: Actual Study Directions» is dedicated to
the location and the role of folk art in Ukrainian culture and world civilization space, preservation,
and popularization of ethnic artistic heritage, in particular, in the museum and private collections,
folk art in educational institutional practices, relationships and interactions between folk art and
academic art.
присвячений окресленню місця та ролі народного мистецтва в українській культурі та
світовому цивілізаційному просторі, збереженню й популяризації етнічних мистецьких
надбань, зокрема, у музейних і приватних збірках, використанню народного мистецтва у
практиках навчально-виховних закладів, зв’язкам і взаємовпливам народного та
академічного мистецтва.
The Industry Assistance League united various regional craft production facilities: alcoholic beverages, sweets, bentwood furniture, products made of twigs, straw, toys, candles, marble, baskets, stained glass and mosaics, mouthpieces to cigarettes, mineral water, ties, various wool products, knitwear, Irish lace, buttons and other productions.
In view of promoting local manufacturer and product range, are the exhibitions of local products (both traveling and fixed) became of a great importance. Most of traveling exhibitions totaled 78 collections of various branches of needlework and craft which were carried in 18 large transport trunks.
An important role belongs to the Industry Assistance League in establishment and development of the professional education, including promoting women's work. For this purpose various courses were organized (for making toys, buttons, lace, fabric, artificial flowers, etc.). In 1912 College of domestic Crafts was opened in Lviv. Its main goal was in professional training of school teachers to deal with different kinds of domestic crafts. The courses were opened at the College (4-6 courses per year each of 4-8 weeks duration). After graduating student received a certificate and had an opportunity to open own business or work as a teacher of handmade crafts. It is important to mention, that this education was intended not only for men but also for women. One more important part of the Industry Assistance League’s activities is organization and development of knitting craft. Two address books were published on the initiative of the League (in 1906 and 1913) to advertise local craftsmen, companies, unions, etc.
Important role in establishing, developing and promoting the Industry Assistance League belongs to number of famous personalities, including: Andrew Lubomirski, Y.Olshevskyj, S.Udzyela, I.Levynskyj, V.Terenkochy and others.
Keys words: home trade, exhibition activity, centers, education, regulations
Keywords: knitting, lace, hook, hats, decoration, tradition, local features, typology, technology
Key words: knitting, fabrics, studio, manufactory, ateliers, professional education, machinery, vogue, assortment, tradition.
Keywords: tradition, folk, guculskiy, knitting, typology, “kapczury”, “narakvyci”, color, interlacing, master
У статті розглянуто основні віхи розвитку народних в’язаних виробів на Гуцульщині ХІХ – початку ХХІ століття. Враховано історичні чинники, регіональні та локальні особливості., що вплинули на типологічні відміни і художні особливості в’язання. Поєднання багатолітньої місцевої традиції та новітніх тенденцій створили оригінальне художнє явище у контексті гуцульського декоративного мистецтва. Зокрема в’язані артефакти ― невичерпне джерело творчості сучасних дизайнерів.
Ключові слова: традиція, народне, гуцульський, в’язання, типологія, капчури, нараквиці, колір, переплетення, майстер, творчість.
“Liga Pomocy Przemyslowej” obejmowala rużny galęzi przemysłu krajowego: wyrób tutek I bibułek do papirosów, wyrób likerów, wódki, wyroby szuwarowy, cukierniczy, wełniany, trykotowy, koronki iryjskie, meble gęte, zabawki I t.p. 1912 r. w dziale glównym zorganizowano Muzeum exportowy, gdzie było przedstawiono wyroby produkcyi rzemesniczej I przemysłowo-domowej. Związki exportowy było zawiązano z Niemcami, Austriej, Grecyjej, Turcyjej, Włochami, na Bałkany, do Ameryki, Brazylii, Swajcarii I in. Bardzo waznymi były expozytury koronkarski: wyroby wyróżnili się delicatną robotą, rożnymi wzorami I na pocz. XX st. były ważna częsciu exportu do Ameryki.
Bardzo ważny były wystawy wyrobów krajowych (stałe, wędrowny), gdzie prezentowano kolekcye wzorów, próbek I okazów krajowej produkcyi. Na 1910 r. bylo 130 postojów wystawy ruchomej, 4 w okręgowe ystawy przemysłu, 2 wystawy zawodowe we Lwowie. Glówno licze się 78 kolekcyj róznych gałęzi przemysłu I rękodzieła, który były złożony w 18 wielkich transportowych kufrach.
Ważliwa rola należy “Lige Pomocy Przemyslowej” w założeniu I popieraniu wykształcenia fachowego. W tym celu zorganizowano rózny kursy, oraz założono Seminarium przemysłu domowego we Lwowie (1912). Celem SPD - wykształcenie nauczycielek szkól w roznych galęziach przemysłu domowego. W Seminariu będą prowadzic kursy (4-6 kursy corocznie po 4-8 tygodnia każdy). W program nauki wchodza nowe, nieznany w kraju I dawne galęzi przemysłu domowego: Szycie ubrania I bielizny, ponczosznictwo I trykotarstwo, czapkarstwo, koronkarsstwo, tkactwo galanterijne, tasiemkarstwo, szmuklierstwo, parasolnictwo, wyrabianie kwiatów sztucznych, zabawkarstwo. Po skonczeniu nauki uczesniczki otrzymowali swiadectwa, pracowali jako nauczycielki pracy ręcznej albo prowadzili własne sprawy.
Oprócz nauki w Seminarium prowadzono kursy wędrowny na terenach Galicyi Wschodnej. W celu fachowego wykształcenia młodziezy 1906 r. założono studentskie warstaty. Ważliwo że te nauke płanowano organizować i dla kobiet. W działałnosci “Ligy Pomocy Przemyslowej” ważliwym znalazkiem jest organizacia I popieranie przemysłu trykotarskiego. Zalożono Spólke pończosznicze i trykotarskie w celu wyrabiania produkcyi krajowej - kamasze, swetery, rękawiczki, kamizelke, skarpety, ponczochy, bliuzy I inne – pod jedyna marką fabryczną.
Z iniciatywy “Ligy Pomocy Przemyslowej” wydano Skorowidz przemyslowo-gandlowy (1906, 1913) w celu reklamy krajowych rzemeslnikow, firm, spólek itd.
W organizacji, działałności oraz czlonkowie Ligy zaląnczono bardzo znany personalii: ks. Andrzej Lubomirski, J.Olszewski, S.Udziela, I.Lewinski, W.Terenkoczy I inne.
Opracowanie dokumentów archiwalnych dało możliwośc twiedzic, ze działałnośc “Ligy Pomocy Przemyslowej” w Galicyi Wschodniej na poch. XX st. była bardzo ważliwa w rozwoju przemysłu domowego I fabrycznego w całym kraju.