Cours Chap TFC
Cours Chap TFC
Cours Chap TFC
Anne 2014-2015
A sin( n 0 / 2)
Xn =
T
n 0 / 2
X ( j ) = A
sin( / 2)
/ 2
T Xn
T Xn
T
=5
A / 20
X ( j )
50
100
T Xn
T
= 10
A / 20
X ( j )
100
200
T Xn
= 20
A / 20
X ( j )
200
400
3
~
x (t ) =
k =
~
x (t )
0 = 2 / T
T /2
1 ~ jk 0t
Xk =
x (t )e
dt
T T / 2
jk 0t
...
...
-T1 0 T1
-T
2T
Xk =
Or:
Soit:
x(t)
T /2
1
1
j k 0 t
j k 0 t
(
)
(
)
=
x
t
e
dt
x
t
e
dt
T T/ 2
T
X ( j ) =
-T1
j t
(
)
x
t
e
dt
T1
1
X ( j k 0 )
T
+
1
1
~
x (t ) = X ( jk 0 )e jk 0t =
2
k = T
Xk =
Si
~
x (t ) x(t )
0 d
X ( jk )e
k =
1
x(t ) =
2
jk 0t
X ( j )e
j t
Intgrale
de Fourier
4
Srie de Fourier
Signaux priodiques
x(t ) =
Priode T
Puissance Finie
e jk 0t
T /2
1
jk 0t
(
)
Xk =
x
t
e
dt
T T / 2
x(t )
k =
0 = 2 / T
Xk
0 1 2
2T t
Transforme de Fourier
Signaux apriodiques
1
x(t ) =
2
Priode T
Energie Finie
X ( j ) =
x(t)
X ( j )e
j t
Intgrale infinie
d exponentielles complexes
x(t )e
j t
X(j)
dt
1
x(t ) =
2
X ( j ) =
X ( j ) e
j t
j t
(
)
dt
x
t
e
Pulsation
x(t ) =
X(f )=
X ( f )e
j 2f t
df
j 2f t
(
)
x
t
e
dt
Frquence
TF frquence
TF pulsation
(t )
(f )
2 ( )
1
[ ( f f 0 ) + ( f + f 0 )]
2
1
[ ( f f 0 ) ( f + f 0 )]
2j
[ ( 0 ) + ( + 0 )]
cos(2f 0t ) = cos( 0t )
sin (2f 0t ) = sin ( 0t )
u (t )
1
1
( f )+
2
j 2f
1, t < a / 2
x(t )
0, t > a / 2
a sinc(fa )
PT (t ) =
(t kT )
k =
1
1 +
k
f
P1 ( f ) =
T T
T k =
T
[ ( 0 ) ( + 0 )]
( ) +
1
j
a sinc a
2
2
2
P2 ( j ) =
T T
T
k =
Peigne de Dirac
7
Principales paires
de la
Transforme de
Fourier Temps
Continu
x(t ) + y (t ) X ( j ) + Y ( j )
Changement d chelle
x( t )
TF
TF
X j
1
x( t ) X ( j )
TF
Dualit
Dcalage
x(t t0 ) X ( j ) e j t0
TF
x(t ) e
j 0 t
X ( j ( 0 ))
TF
x(t t0 ) X ( j ) e j [X ( j ) t0 ]
TF
Drivation
dx( t ) TF
j X ( j )
dt
jt x( t )
TF
dX ( j )
d
9
Conjugaison
x (t ) X ( j )
TF
Symtrie conjugue:
X ( j )= X ( j )
X ( j ) : paire
X ( j ) : impaire
Relation de Parseval
+
E=
x(t )
1
dt =
2
X ( j )
d =
X(f )
2
(
)
X j
10
y (t ) =
x( )h(t )d
j t
Y ( j ) = x( )h(t )d e dt = x( ) h(t )e jt dt d
+ +
Y ( j ) =
x( )H ( j )e
d = H ( j ) x( )e j d
h(t ) dt <
= H ( j ) X ( j )
TF
y (t ) = x(t ) h(t ) Y ( j ) = X ( j ) H ( j )
x(t)
h(t)
TF
TF
TF
H ( j ) = h(t )e j t dt
X(f)
H(f)
r (t ) = s (t ) p(t ) R( f ) = S ( f ) P( f )
signal modul
signal modulant
porteuse
S(f)
Exemple
-f1
f1
Porteuse:
p(t ) = cos(2f 0t )
P( f ) =
1
[ ( f f 0 ) + ( f + f 0 )]
2
R( f ) =
1
[S ( f f 0 ) + S ( f + f 0 )]
2
P(f)
1/2
1/2
f0
-f0
R(f)
A/2
A/2
f0 -f1 f0 +f1
f0
12
Exemple:
Dmodulation d amplitude
g (t ) = r (t ) p(t )
R(f)
A/2
A/2
f0 -f1 f0 +f1
R( f ) =
1
[S ( f f 0 ) + S ( f + f 0 )]
2
f0
Porteuse:
P(f)
1/2
1/2
P( f ) =
f0
-f0
p(t ) = cos(2f 0t )
1
[ ( f f 0 ) + ( f + f 0 )]
2
G(f)
A/2
A/4
-2f0
A/4
-f0
f0
2f0
H(f)
H(f) Filtre Passe-Bas
-fc
H(0) A/2
fc
13
Proprits de la
Transforme de
Fourier Temps
Continu
14
X ( f ) = ( f f0 )
j 2 f t
df = e j 2 f
x(t ) = ( f f 0 )e
TF
0t
x p (t ) =
X e
jk 2 f 0t
k =
x p (t ) =
1
= T priode du signal
f0
+
( f kf )
0
k =
k =
+
X k ( f kf0 )e jk 2 ft df
...
...
-2f0
x p (t ) =
X k ( f kf0 ) e jk 2 ft df
k =
+
Par identification
X p( f )=
X ( f kf )
k
k =
-f0
f0
2f0
3f0
-T
T1
T= 4 T1
X p ( j )
Xk
16
xp(t)
x(t )
x(t + T )
x(t T ) x(t 2T )
x(t )
...
0
x p (t ) =
...
PT (t ) =
x(t kT )
x(t kT ) = x(t ) (t kT )
(t kT ) = x(t ) PT (t )
Proprit de la convolution
X(f
1
T
k
k 1
1
k
X ( f ) f =
X f
T
T k =
T T k = T
1 k 1
X = X (k f 0 )
T T T
La TF permet d obtenir
2T
3T
1
X
T X 2
T
1
X
T
f0 =
1
X p ( f ) = X ( f ) . P1 ( f )
T T
Xk =
(t kT )
...
k =
X p( f )=
...
-T
D o: x p (t ) = x(t )
3T
2T
k =
k =
Or:
1/T 2/T
X p( f
3/T
1 1
X
T T 1 X 2
T T
1 1
X
T T
1/T
2/T 3/T
f
17
k
k
dt
dt
k =0
k =0
N
Or:
Y ( j ) = H ( j ) X ( j )
H ( j ) =
Y ( j )
X ( j )
Hypothse:
H(j) existe (converge)
N
M
d k y (t )
d k x(t )
= TF bk
TF ak
k
k
dt
dt
k =0
k =0
M
N
k
k
ak ( j ) Y ( ) = bk ( j ) X ( j )
k =0
k =0
H ( j ) =
b ( j )
k =0
N
a ( j )
k =0
18
x[n] =
Priode N
Xk e
jk
k= N
Puissance Finie
x[n]e
1
Xk =
N
x[n]
...
2
N
2
n
jk
N
n= N
...
0
01
2N
Transforme de Fourier
Signaux apriodiques
1
x[n] =
2
Priode N
Energie Finie
( )
2
X e j e
( ) = x[n] e
x[n]
X e
d exponentielles complexes
j n
n =
20
Principales paires de
la Transforme de
Fourier Temps
Discret
21
( )
x[n] + y[n] X e j + Y e j
TF
x[ n] X e j
Inversion temporelle
Drivation
( )
TF
Linarit
Dcalage
) ( )
X e j ( +2 ) = X e j
Priodicit
TF
( )e
x[n n0 ] X e
x[n] x[n 1] 1 e
TF
j n0
)X (e )
j
)
x[n] e
j 0 n
TF
X e j ( 0 )
( )
dX e j
jn x[n]
d
TF
22
Changement d chelle
x[n / k ] si n multiple de k
x(k )[n] =
sinon
0
Soit:
( )=
X (k ) e
x(k )[n]e
n =
j n
x(k )[rk ]e
r =
j rk
x[r ]e j (k ) r = X (e j k )
+
r =
23
TF
x [n] X e j
Conjugaison
Symtrie conjugue:
( )
{ ( )}
Im{X (e )}: impaire
( )
X (e ): impaire
X (e j) imaginaire et impaire
( )
Relation de Parseval
E=
x[n]
n =
1
=
2
X e j : paire
Re X e j : paire
X e j = X e j
X e
X (e
j 2
d = X ( f )
0
j 2
Densit Spectrale
df
dEnergie
du signal x(t)
24
( ) ( ) ( )
x[n]
h [n]
( ) = h[n] e
He
j n
TF
X(f)
n =
TF
TF
H(f)
h[n] <
n =
25
Y ( f ) = X 1 ( )X 2 ( f )d =
1
2
( ) (
X 1 e j X 2 e j e j d
26
Proprits de la
Transforme de
Fourier Temps
Discret
27
( f f0 k )
k =
X(f )=
( f f0 k )
Montrons que:
j 2 f 0 n
( f f
TF
k =
x[n] =
x[n] =
...
...
k =
de Dirac:
k)
f0-2
( f f
f0-1
X(f )e
( f f 0 )e j 2 f n df = ( f f 0 ) e j 2 f n df = e j 2 f
0
1
j 2 f n
df =
k )e j 2 f n df
k= N
f l e j 2 f n df
x p [n] =
Xk
l =
N
k= N
0
x p [n] =
1 +
x p [n] =
jk
2
n
N
k
X k f e j 2 f n df
N
k= N
0
+
k
x p [n] =
X k f e j 2 f n df
N
0 l =
(Hypothse 0<f0<1 )
k =
f0+1 f0+2
f0
Par identification
X p( f )=
Xk f
N
l =
xp[n]
x[n + N ]
x[n]
x[n]
x[n N ]
x[n 2 N ]
...
0
x p [n] =
...
PN [n] =
x[n kN ]
x[n kN ] = x[n] [n kN ]
[n kN ]
...
2N
3N
D o: x p [n] = x[n]
[n kN ] = x[n] P [n]
X(f)
k =
X p ( f ) = X ( f ).
1
X
N
...
Proprit de la convolution
Xk =
...
-N
1
X p( f )=
N
3N
k =
k =
Or:
2N
1
P1 ( f )
N N
k 1
X ( f ) f =
N N
k =
1 k 1 k
X = X
N N N N
...
1
Xp (f)
k
k
X f
N
k = N
1 1
X
N N
...
...
La TF permet d obtenir
0 1/N
x[n] =
X [k ]e
jk
2
N
k= N
1
X [k ] =
N
Remarque:
N 1
x[n]e
jk
2
n
N
n =0
X [k ] = X k
30
V.7 Rponse frquentielle dun SLTI rgi par des quations aux
diffrences linaires coefficients constants
N
k =0
k =0
ak y[n k ] = bk x[n k ]
( ) ( )( )
( )
He
( )
( )
Y e j
=
X e j
Hypothse:
H(e j) existe (converge)
ak e
k =0
j k
( )
( )
M
j
Y e
bk e j k X e j
=
k =0
M
( )
H e j =
bk e j k
k =0
N
a k e j k
k =0
31
0 = 2 / T
x(t ) =
k =
T /2
2T t
012
Signaux apriodiques
1
x(t ) =
2
T
X ( j )e
j t
X ( j ) =
x(t )e
X(j)
j t
dt
Signaux priodiques
x[n]
...
0
x[n] =
Xk e
jk
2
N
k= N
1
Xk =
N
x[n]e
jk
2
n
N
2N
x[n]
01
1
x[n] =
2
N
Xk
n= N
Signaux apriodiques
x(t)
Xk
1
Xk =
x(t )e jk 0t dt
T T / 2
jk 0t
X (e ) e
j
j n
X(e j)
( ) = x[n] e j n
X e
n =
32
Principales paires
de Transforme
en Z
33