Baranova Valeriya Dumas

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Mémoire de Master 2

Mention : Information et communication


Spécialité : Communication Marque
Option : Marque et branding

L'accessibilité, une porte d'entrée dans le luxe


Étude des pratiques communicationnelles de Jacquemus

Responsable de la mention information et communication


Professeure Karine Berthelot-Guiet

Tuteur universitaire : Caroline Marti

Nom, prénom : Valeriya Baranova

Promotion : 2021-2022

Soutenu le : 10/11/2022

Mention du mémoire : Très bien

École des hautes études en sciences de l'information et de la communication – Sorbonne Université


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