... These glorified lawbreakers exemplify what Eric Hobsbawm (1959, 1969) has termed the social b... more ... These glorified lawbreakers exemplify what Eric Hobsbawm (1959, 1969) has termed the social bandit. These lawbreakers, according to Hobsbawm, take three basic forms: the noble brigand (Robin Hood); the avenger (vigilante), and the haiduk (primitive terrorist). ...
This paper examines race equality within the labor market of professional football, specifically ... more This paper examines race equality within the labor market of professional football, specifically addressing the issue of whether NFL team management discriminates against marginal nonwhite players. To examine this, we compared the racial proportions of “protected” players to proportions of players designated as “Plan B” free agents. We considered Plan B players as “marginals” from management’s viewpoint. Our hypothesis that these athletes would be disproportionately white was confirmed. Reasons for the statistically significant differences in the racial proportions are discussed.
We explore how societies convince citizens to “go to hell,” where they kill strangers and risk th... more We explore how societies convince citizens to “go to hell,” where they kill strangers and risk their own lives. Our premise is that killing is difficult for most, regardless of context and widely considered a form of extreme deviance. Using Sykes and Matza’s techniques of neutralization, we show how this aversion to killing is neutralized by placing individuals in organized—both macro-level bureaucratic and micro-level small primary groups—to justify killing. Consequently, the neutralization of mass killing illustrates the role of power in defining deviance, and the failure of neutralizations may sometimes explain Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
ABSTRACT We explore how societies convince citizens to “go to hell,” where they kill strangers an... more ABSTRACT We explore how societies convince citizens to “go to hell,” where they kill strangers and risk their own lives. Our premise is that killing is difficult for most, regardless of context and widely considered a form of extreme deviance. Using Sykes and Matza’s techniques of neutralization, we show how this aversion to killing is neutralized by placing individuals in organized—both macro-level bureaucratic and micro-level small primary groups—to justify killing. Consequently, the neutralization of mass killing illustrates the role of power in defining deviance, and the failure of neutralizations may sometimes explain Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
This paper examines Virginia's "Racial Purity Laws" enacted to deny equal opportunity to black me... more This paper examines Virginia's "Racial Purity Laws" enacted to deny equal opportunity to black men and women who could "pass" as whites from the early 1600s to the U. S. Supreme Court decision (Loving v. Virginia) in 1967. When physical characteristics failed to match the legal definition of race, the state used records of vital statistics for boundary maintenance. Birth certificates, in particular, served as "internal passports" to school assignments, work eligibility, and marriage, denying citizens defined as "Negro" life chances available to whites. It was also found that over time the definition of "Negro" was expanded to include citizens with smaller proportions of African or even Native American blood in their ancestry. An example is presented illustrating how racial identity was defined and enforced.
... Among Hearst's greatest" steals" was the popu-lar World cartoonist... more ... Among Hearst's greatest" steals" was the popu-lar World cartoonist Richard Outcault, who drew a strip featuring the life ... The Historical Roots of Tabloid TV Crime 63 Gives Birth to Monster Baby," read a typical early front page ... Talk television moved the industry to new frontiers. ...
... These glorified lawbreakers exemplify what Eric Hobsbawm (1959, 1969) has termed the social b... more ... These glorified lawbreakers exemplify what Eric Hobsbawm (1959, 1969) has termed the social bandit. These lawbreakers, according to Hobsbawm, take three basic forms: the noble brigand (Robin Hood); the avenger (vigilante), and the haiduk (primitive terrorist). ...
... These glorified lawbreakers exemplify what Eric Hobsbawm (1959, 1969) has termed the social b... more ... These glorified lawbreakers exemplify what Eric Hobsbawm (1959, 1969) has termed the social bandit. These lawbreakers, according to Hobsbawm, take three basic forms: the noble brigand (Robin Hood); the avenger (vigilante), and the haiduk (primitive terrorist). ...
This paper examines race equality within the labor market of professional football, specifically ... more This paper examines race equality within the labor market of professional football, specifically addressing the issue of whether NFL team management discriminates against marginal nonwhite players. To examine this, we compared the racial proportions of “protected” players to proportions of players designated as “Plan B” free agents. We considered Plan B players as “marginals” from management’s viewpoint. Our hypothesis that these athletes would be disproportionately white was confirmed. Reasons for the statistically significant differences in the racial proportions are discussed.
We explore how societies convince citizens to “go to hell,” where they kill strangers and risk th... more We explore how societies convince citizens to “go to hell,” where they kill strangers and risk their own lives. Our premise is that killing is difficult for most, regardless of context and widely considered a form of extreme deviance. Using Sykes and Matza’s techniques of neutralization, we show how this aversion to killing is neutralized by placing individuals in organized—both macro-level bureaucratic and micro-level small primary groups—to justify killing. Consequently, the neutralization of mass killing illustrates the role of power in defining deviance, and the failure of neutralizations may sometimes explain Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
ABSTRACT We explore how societies convince citizens to “go to hell,” where they kill strangers an... more ABSTRACT We explore how societies convince citizens to “go to hell,” where they kill strangers and risk their own lives. Our premise is that killing is difficult for most, regardless of context and widely considered a form of extreme deviance. Using Sykes and Matza’s techniques of neutralization, we show how this aversion to killing is neutralized by placing individuals in organized—both macro-level bureaucratic and micro-level small primary groups—to justify killing. Consequently, the neutralization of mass killing illustrates the role of power in defining deviance, and the failure of neutralizations may sometimes explain Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
This paper examines Virginia's "Racial Purity Laws" enacted to deny equal opportunity to black me... more This paper examines Virginia's "Racial Purity Laws" enacted to deny equal opportunity to black men and women who could "pass" as whites from the early 1600s to the U. S. Supreme Court decision (Loving v. Virginia) in 1967. When physical characteristics failed to match the legal definition of race, the state used records of vital statistics for boundary maintenance. Birth certificates, in particular, served as "internal passports" to school assignments, work eligibility, and marriage, denying citizens defined as "Negro" life chances available to whites. It was also found that over time the definition of "Negro" was expanded to include citizens with smaller proportions of African or even Native American blood in their ancestry. An example is presented illustrating how racial identity was defined and enforced.
... Among Hearst's greatest" steals" was the popu-lar World cartoonist... more ... Among Hearst's greatest" steals" was the popu-lar World cartoonist Richard Outcault, who drew a strip featuring the life ... The Historical Roots of Tabloid TV Crime 63 Gives Birth to Monster Baby," read a typical early front page ... Talk television moved the industry to new frontiers. ...
... These glorified lawbreakers exemplify what Eric Hobsbawm (1959, 1969) has termed the social b... more ... These glorified lawbreakers exemplify what Eric Hobsbawm (1959, 1969) has termed the social bandit. These lawbreakers, according to Hobsbawm, take three basic forms: the noble brigand (Robin Hood); the avenger (vigilante), and the haiduk (primitive terrorist). ...
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