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Linux Basics_DAY-2: Working with Files and Directories

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1.Create: File/Directory

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Creation of files in different ways:

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We can use touch to create an empty file and mkdir to create a directory.

Ex: touch <fine_name>

EX: touch fileA.txt fileB.txt fileC.txt

EX: touch file{1..5}.txt

Ex: > <filename> ('>' ==> redirection operator)

Ex: cat > <filename> and press Ctrl+D to save. (cat==>Concatenates and displays files:File handling command.)

Ex: echo "" > <filename> (echo ==> Displays text on the terminal:Output command)

Ex: printf "" > <filename> (printf ==> Formats and prints output:Formatting and output command)

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Creating files in different ways:

mkdir -p Storage/local/user/documents

touch ./Storage/local/user/userinfo.txt

mkdir -p Storage/local/backups

touch ./Storage/local/backups/logsinfo.txt

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We can look at the whole structure after creating the parent directories with the tool tree.

Ex: tree .

Ex: tree -L 2

Ex: tree -d

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Real-time Scenarios:

Creating a File with System Information:

(Saving system uptime and load average to a file)

uptime > /var/log/system_status.log

Redirecting Command Output to Multiple Files:

(Saving a list of active users and processes to separate files)

who > /var/log/active_users.log; ps aux > /var/log/processes.log

Redirecting the Output of a System Command:

(Saving the list of installed packages to a file)

rpm -qa > /var/log/installed_packages.log

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Copy: 'cp' command in Linux is used to copy files and directories

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Ex: cp file1.txt file2.txt

Ex: cp ./Storage/local/backups/logsinfo.txt ./Storage/local/user/

Ex: cp -r ./Storage/local/user/ ./Storage/local/backups/

Ex: cp -u logsinfo.txt ./Storage/local/backups/logsinfo.txt

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Move: 'mv' command in Linux is used for moving or renaming files and directories.

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Syntax: mv <file/directory> <renamed file/directory>

Ex: mv samplefile.txt filesample.txt

Ex: mv /var/log/active_users.log ./Storage/local/user/