@@ -19,77 +19,55 @@ First, iterate the array counting number of 0's, 1's, and 2's, then overwrite ar
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Could you come up with a one-pass algorithm using only constant space?
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## 思路
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+ 这个问题是典型的荷兰国旗问题 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_national_flag_problem)。 因为我们可以将红白蓝三色小球想象成条状物,有序排列后正好组成荷兰国旗。
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- 其实就是排序,而且没有要求稳定性,就是用啥排序算法都行。
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- 题目并没有给出数据规模,因此我默认数据量不大,直接选择了冒泡排序
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-
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- ## 关键点解析
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-
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- 冒泡排序的时间复杂度是N平方,无法优化,但是可以进一步优化常数项,
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- 比如循环的起止条件。 由于每一次遍历都会将最后一位“就位”,因此内层循环的截止条件就可以是
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- ` nums.length - i ` , 而不是 ` nums.length ` , 可以省一半的时间。
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-
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-
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- ## 代码
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-
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- ``` js
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- /*
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- * @lc app=leetcode id=75 lang=javascript
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- *
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- * [75] Sort Colors
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- *
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- * https://leetcode.com/problems/sort-colors/description/
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- *
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- * algorithms
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- * Medium (41.41%)
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- * Total Accepted: 297K
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- * Total Submissions: 716.1K
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- * Testcase Example: '[2,0,2,1,1,0]'
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- *
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- * Given an array with n objects colored red, white or blue, sort them in-place
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- * so that objects of the same color are adjacent, with the colors in the order
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- * red, white and blue.
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- *
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- * Here, we will use the integers 0, 1, and 2 to represent the color red,
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- * white, and blue respectively.
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- *
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- * Note: You are not suppose to use the library's sort function for this
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- * problem.
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- *
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- * Example:
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- *
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- *
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- * Input: [2,0,2,1,1,0]
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- * Output: [0,0,1,1,2,2]
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- *
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- * Follow up:
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- *
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- *
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- * A rather straight forward solution is a two-pass algorithm using counting
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- * sort.
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- * First, iterate the array counting number of 0's, 1's, and 2's, then
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- * overwrite array with total number of 0's, then 1's and followed by 2's.
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- * Could you come up with a one-pass algorithm using only constant space?
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- *
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- *
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- */
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- /**
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- * @param {number[]} nums
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- * @return {void} Do not return anything, modify nums in-place instead.
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- */
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- var sortColors = function (nums ) {
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- function swap (nums , i , j ) {
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- const temp = nums[i];
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- nums[i] = nums[j];
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- nums[j] = temp;
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- }
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- for (let i = 0 ; i < nums .length - 1 ; i++ ) {
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- for (let j = 0 ; j < nums .length - i; j++ ) {
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- if (nums[j] < nums[j - 1 ]) {
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- swap (nums, j - 1 , j)
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- }
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-
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- }
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- }
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- };
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+ 有两种解决思路。
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+
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+ ## 解法一
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+ - 遍历数组,统计红白蓝三色球(0,1,2)的个数
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+ - 根据红白蓝三色球(0,1,2)的个数重排数组
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+
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+ 这种思路的时间复杂度:$O(n)$,需要遍历数组两次。
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+
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+ ## 解法二
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+
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+ 我们可以把数组分成三部分,前部(全部是0),中部(全部是1)和后部(全部是2)三个部分。每一个元素(红白蓝分别对应0、1、2)必属于其中之一。将前部和后部各排在数组的前边和后边,中部自然就排好了。
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+
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+ 我们用三个指针,设置两个指针begin指向前部的末尾的下一个元素(刚开始默认前部无0,所以指向第一个位置),end指向后部开头的前一个位置(刚开始默认后部无2,所以指向最后一个位置),然后设置一个遍历指针current,从头开始进行遍历。
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+
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+ 这种思路的时间复杂度也是$O(n)$, 只需要遍历数组一次。
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+
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+ ### 关键点解析
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+
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+
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+ - 荷兰国旗问题
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+ - counting sort
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+
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+ ### 代码
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+
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+ 代码支持: Python3
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+
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+ Python3 Code:
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+
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+ ``` python
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+ class Solution :
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+ def sortColors (self , nums : List[int ]) -> None :
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+ """
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+ Do not return anything, modify nums in-place instead.
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+ """
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+ p0 = cur = 0
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+ p2 = len (nums) - 1
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+
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+ while cur <= p2:
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+ if nums[cur] == 0 :
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+ nums[cur], nums[p0] = nums[p0], nums[cur]
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+ p0 += 1
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+ cur += 1
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+ elif nums[cur] == 2 :
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+ nums[cur], nums[p2] = nums[p2], nums[cur]
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+ p2 -= 1
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+ else :
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+ cur += 1
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```
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+
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+
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